• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2010

International construction market has been depressed significantly after 2000. Exclusive techniques and advanced construction management methods are desperately in demand so as to ensure the competitiveness in unlimited competition. Although public construction delivery system has been revised several times starting with introduction of the lowest bidding system in 1951, there has been no remarkable achievement whenever new system was introduced. This study analyzed the successful stories of developed countries like Europe, USA and Japan to settle successful rating system down and vitalize the best value system in Korea, which was introduced in October 2007. We constructed the bidder evaluation system for domestic situation, and designed the evaluation tool which is useful in utilization. Since this study were analyzed on only same systems of developed countries and domestic similar cases, this study is limited to typical construction in Korea. The study of specialized rating system in the field related should be followed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2013

Increasing the river cross-section by barrage construction causes rises in the average river water levels and discharge rates in the rainy season. The time series patterns for groundwater levels measured at 23 riverside monitoring wells along the lower Nakdong River are compared for two cases: before and after water-filling at the Changnyeong-Haman Barrage. Monthly average groundwater levels indicate a distinct increase in groundwater levels in the upstream riverside close to the barrage. River-water level management by barrage gate control in August, during the rainy season, resulted in a 0.1 m decrease in groundwater levels, while water-filling at the barrage in December caused a 1.3 m increase in groundwater levels. The results of hierarchical cluster analysis indicate that seven groundwater monitoring wells and river water levels were in the same group before barrage construction, but that this number increased to 14 after barrage construction. Principal component analysis revealed that the explanation power of two principal components corresponding to river fluctuation, PC1 and PC2, was approximately 82% before barrage construction but decreased to 45% after construction. This finding indicates that the effect of the river level component that contributes to change in groundwater level, decreases after barrage construction; consequently, other factors, including groundwater pumping, become more important. Continuous surveying and monitoring is essential for understanding change in the hydrological environment. Water policy that takes groundwater-surface water interaction into consideration should be established for riverside areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.355-367
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of the quality of life in community dwelling vulnerable older women with chronic joint pain. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 participants registered at a visiting health care service in the public health center of C-city. The structured questionnaire were used to collect data on the general characteristics, pain rating index, pain intensity, perceived health status, functional independence, sleep pattern, depression, and quality of life from February 16 to March 13, 2017. The data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The significant factors of the quality of life including general characteristics were depression (${\beta}=-.60$, p<.001), pain intensity scale (${\beta}=-.15$, p=.007), health insurance type (${\beta}=.15$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}=.14$, p=.007), duration of pain (${\beta}=-.10$, p=.019), marital status (${\beta}=.10$, p=.024), and functional independence (${\beta}=.09$, p=.036). These factors accounted for 63.1% of the total variance in the quality of life. The findings suggest that a public healthcare program on managing depression is effective in improving the quality of life in community dwelling older women with chronic joint pain. Public health nurses should intervene in nursing care for economically vulnerable aged and pain management based on a precise assessment from the beginning of pain.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 2014

After IMF bailout crisis in Korea, project financing has been employed as a major funding vehicle for the housing development. In 2008, the recession of housing market due to the global financial crisis had an significant impact on the increasing insolvent site of PF based housing development project, resulting in serious impact to whole economy as a chain effect. In order to resolve this vicious circle of bankruptcy, the major construction companies were urged to take over the insolvent sites and invest to them for normal project exit, and finally play a critical role in normalization of market. Therefore, this study aims to define the core factors for decision making to invest to insolvent site and find out differences among constructors, developers, financial lenders. The results from AHP analysis, the profitability was the most important factor to constructors. Moreover, even though the location merit is little less, through competitive price, we can assure that stable profitability is most important factor to decide to invest in insolvent site. In conclusion, the price is cheap, is highly feasible, if the land secured, major construction company will participate in a PF business investment. These findings were verified by the investment case of major construction company.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2020

Narrative activities are closely related to the space where human beings live and their awareness of space. In the film Parasite (2019), Director Bong Joon-ho demonstrated his unique insights into the spatial layout of the city. He not only built opposing up and down spaces with clear differentiation of distinct classes, but also conducted complex and smooth narratives in space. Bong Joon-ho used realism to express differences and some unresolvable contradictions between the classes in capitalist society by showing the daily lives of people living in different spaces. This present research focuses on Bong Joon-ho's spatial narrative in the film Parasite, hoping to observe the relationship between characters and between social classes, further exploring Director Bong Joon-ho's spatial narrative awareness and his film creation style. The research reveals that space, an important element of film narrative, has been paid attention to in the film Parasite and space is the narrative's foundation in this film. The narrative of film space is not limited to physical space but also refers to the relationship between characters and the society in which they live, showing metaphorical significance. This film transcends a genre film, portraying the changes of social classes in the development of the society. The film as a whole is one combining ideology and artistry. Every viewer can feel resonated from this film and understand the thought-provoking social situation.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.173-184
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• 2003

As homenetwork has been built at general homes, users want to connect various types of devices and control them. To realize a new environment that most people dream, there have been many services developed, and the various types of devices have been proposed and then their usage and validity have been reviewed. However, as the technical design guideline seems to be prepared soon for the standardization under the situation that has been progressed mainly by technology-lead style so far, making homenetwork a product is expected to be advanced, and therefore now it is the time to discuss the design development at full stage, which is really valuable for users. We have to consider it not to make any alienated class in the society on the whole when considering these devices, and also we have to develop the design by differentiating it toward the direction that we accept users and use environment's special conditions. In addition, each devices should have reliability, no malfunction or error and long life span. At the same time, those products, which can be new changes we can joyfully accept as well as the habits we are already accustomed to, should be developed, and thereby they may naturally have to be absorbed into our present living. The design development direction for future homenetwork can vary depending on our expectation and needs, and it will become a good guidebook for the producer who have to invest much financially or in time. Therefore, this study intends to examine the present network trend and development direction and then suggest the product design direction for future homenetwork.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.383-394
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• 2018

This study analyzed the latent profile for identifying the difference in the dependence on smartphone use among middle school students in the 1st grade using the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). From the result of this study, first the latent class was separated according to the type of dependence on smartphone use. Class 1 included the students (from fifth grade in elementary school) whose level of reliance on smartphone use was low. Class 2 was selected as the group whose level of reliance on smartphone was high. Secondly, in comparing class 2 to class 1, it was found that the students who have a high probability of being in class 1 were those whose fathers are high achievers, have high early self-esteem and less age attachment. Thirdly, the students in class 1 had a higher sense of neglect than those in class 2. Furthermore, the self-determination of the students in class 2 mediated the effect of neglect on the adolescents' dependence on smartphone use both directly and indirectly.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Complex school facilities are being considered to meet increased public demands for culture and welfare in Korea, given the decreasing population. In this context, Gyeongi-do Hwaseong City's E-umteo is recognized as a relatively well-operated school complex. Therefore, this study considered seven E-umteo branches as case studies to examine the operations of educational programs and understand the techniques employed in the spatial configuration of E-umteo. To this end, field observations and interviews with facility operators were conducted. The case analysis results revealed that educational programs could be classified into three types: learning sharing , community communication, and lifelong learning. Furthermore, the learning sharing type was classified into education and physical education while the community communication type was classified into the community and convenience types. Meanwhile, lifelong learning was identified as the most actively used type by differentiating specialized programs. With regard to the spatial composition between the school and the "pitcher," only the connection and independent types were observed, and no integral type was discovered. Therefore, integrated future studies are mandated.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 1996

This study is to clarify the market cycle of travelling merchants and the spatial behavior of consumer's commodity purchasing. its reasons and purchasing region of each commodity in Chongsan of Chongsan Myun(village) periodic markets, that is one of the lowest central places in Okchon county. The data used are the results of interviews with 58 travelling merchants on June 22 and July 17, 1994, and questionaire survey taken to parents of students of Chongsan middle school of Chongsan Myun in Okchon county. Study area is typical agricultural regions taking the role of central places to provide rural service and is comparatively important periodic markets. Some of findings are summarized as follows: (1) Until 1980's. appearance of closed periodic markets is caused by the population decrease in rural region, income increase, and rising of living level according to the Five Years Planning of Economic Development, appearance of chain stores of agricultural co-coperative and of supermarkets,. changes in distribution mechanisim by increasing consignment volume of agricultural products through agricultural co-coperative, and the development of transportation in Okchon county. These, too, became the reasons for the decline of the Chongsan periodic markets in Okchon county. (2) Most of the travelling merchants visiting the Chongsan periodic markets are in their 50's of age, and they sell the miscellaneous commodities and agricultural products. And about one-fourths of travelling merchants reside in regions with periodic markets and in Okchon of higher order central places. (3) Travelling routes visting periodic markets can be simplified to five types. Major types of travelling routes are Chongsan periodic market$\rightarrow$Wonnam$\rightarrow$Boun, and Chongsan periodic market$\rightarrow$Yungdong$\rightarrow$Yongsan. The patterns of travelling merchants visiting periodic markets are classified into the type of everyday visiting of periodic markets over three days of five days from merchant's residence to market, and the type of merchants or consumers visiting one day's of five days. On days that travelling merchants don't visit periodic markets they purchase the commodities in Seoul, Taejon and Chongju. (4) Consumers who use periodic markets are from thirties to fifties years of age and most of them are employed in agriculture. Consumers visit periodic markets on foot or by bus, and visit two or three times in a month, and mainly purchase the commodities for one or two hours from about ten o'clock in the morning. (5) Consumers purchase the necessaries of life in periodic markets, and other commodities are purchased in Taejon city, Youngdong, and Boun Eup(town). But consumers purchase the goods(convenience goods, shopping goods, and specialied goods) largerly in Chongsan, because additional expense and disadvantage after service with poor transportation service for purchased goods in others regions. Therefore, the hierarchies of central places by the consumer's purchasing behaviour can not be seem in dewellers in Chongsan and Chongseong Myun.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.285-307
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• 2011

This study aims to criticize the recent reform of childcare policy since 2008, which goes for marketization, individualization, and familialization, and to search for its alternative. First, this study analyzes the problems of the above three options based on the context of 'free choice', while examining how welfare regimes have dealt with the changes in childcare policy. Second, the study reviews several controversies in the process of policy formation for childcare service, including coverage of service recipient, policy direction, outcome, efficiency, and priority. Third, it proposes an alternative for accomplishing universal childcare service delivery system. Finally, the paper is to point out that the reform of childcare policy of MB government carries fundamental problems of reinforcing class stratification and gender stratification, and thus dose not attain the ultimate goal of childcare policy.