• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2017

This paper presents the inter-rater reliability of finger spasticity assessment tested realized by using finger simulator that mimics finger spasticity of patients after a stroke. For controlling the simulator torque, finger spasticity was modeled, and the model parameters were obtained by measuring quantitative data while grading based on Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). A robotic finger simulator was designed for mimicking finger spasticity. Evaluation of this simulator with the help of seven rehabilitation doctors showed that the simulator had a Cohen's kappa value of 0.619 for Metacarpophalangeal Joint and 0.514 for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Fleiss' kappa between raters is 0.513 for Metacarpophalangeal Joint and 0.486 for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Therefore, the spasticity assessment made by MAS grade system is not reliable owing to the subjectivity of the assessment. The proposed robotic simulator can be used as a training tool for improving the reliability of the spasticity assessment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.232-241
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• 1999

The automatic irrigation system using the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model for the determination, respectively, of irrigation timing and amount was designed and evaluated for its applicability in pot and field culture of greenhouse tomato. In the pot culture condition, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomato were improved when irrigation was practiced based on the stem diameter monitoring and the transpiration model as compared to the irrigation practice based on soil moisture monitoring. However, the effects were not significant in the field culture condition.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.333-357
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• 2010

Purposes of this paper are to investigate whether managers' compensation is sticky as accounting performance(ROA) vary or not and explore further what factors influence the managers' compensation stickiness. To empirically study the stickiness of managers' compensation, we used the financial data from manufacturing firms lised in the Korea Stock Exchange(1,000 firm-year data for 4 years). The results are as follows : First, managers' compensation is sticky with respect to change in accounting performance. That is, the increase in managers' compensation as accounting performance increases is greater than the decrease in managers' compensation in respect to equivalent decrease in accounting performance. Second, the degree of managers' compensation stickiness increases when managers have influence and contribution to firm value. Specifically, the degree of stickiness is positively associated with investment opportunity set, intangible assets' value, uncertainty of firms' operating environment, complexity of organizational hierarchy. But firms' size reversely impacts on the degree of managers' compensation stickiness.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.339-346
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• 2022

Corona-virus(COVID-19), which has affected the world economy and Korea economy widely since 2020 could have an effect on management future perspectives. Thus this paper investigate whether the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on cost stickiness is contingent on operating uncertainty. By using the sample listed in KOSPI and KOSDAQ from 2018 to 2020. I find that COVID-19 increase cost stickiness when sales growth volatility is low. This paper contribute to the literature by providing the empirical evidence which contains that the effect of COVID-19 on cost stickiness varies with operating uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2001

목적： 해상도가 우수한 경직장 영상을 위한 소아용 two-turn 표면형 수신 코일, 안장 수신 코일을 제작하여 이를 이용하여 얻은 고양이의 경직장 영상을 비교한다. 대상 및 방법： 지금까지 소아의 경직장 영상은 주로 초음파를 이용하여 얻었으나 해상도가 떨어지며 아직까지 소아용 탐촉자는 개발되지 않았다. 소아의 항문직장 기형의 진단을 위해서는 해상도가 우수한 영상이 필요하고, 이를 위해 소아용 직장 RF 코일로 원주형 two-turn 표면형 코일, 안장 코일을 제작하였다. 크기는 직경 7mm, 길이 6cm와, 직경 10mm, 길이 l0cm 하였고, 코일의 구리선 바깥으로는 두께 1mm의 테프론 tube로 감쌌다. 균일한 시험 시료(phantom)로 마요네즈를 이용하여 T1 강조 영상(Spin echo TR/TE= 500/11 msec, FOV=12cm, 영상행렬 256$\times$256)을 얻어서 신호 강도의 profile을 얻는다. 이를 Mathematica를 이용하여 구한 RF 자기장 세기의 분포와 비교했다. 두 종류의 코일을 각각 사용하여 얻은 고양이 항문 괄약근 영상에서 외부 괄약근, 내부 괄약근 등을 구분, 비교하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.687-692
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• 1997

개의 전립선에서 경직장 초음파상에 나타나는 미만성 저에코영역의 성상과 경직장 초음파 검사법의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 히스토그람 분석방법과 color doppler 초음파를 이용하여 전립선 맛사지에 따른 전립선 실질의 에코변화를 비교하였다. 전립선 맛사지 후 히스토그람상의 휘도치는 전립선 요도부 기준 상부측 실질내에서 유의성(p<0.01) 있게 고에코로 변화되어 나타났으며, 전립선내에 분포하는 혈관은 저에코영역에서 보다 고에코영역에서 발견되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 경직장 초음파 검사법은 전립선의 미세한 변화에 대해 보다 상세한 실질내의 정보를 제공할 수 있는 효과적인 검사 방법이며, 맛사지에 따른 휘도치의 변화는 전립선의 물리적 자극에 대한 전립선액의 분비에 따른 결과로 사료되고, 저에코영역은 혈관보다는 전립선액이 점유하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1129-1137
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to find useful parameters of the between myotonometer and surface electromyography(sEMG) on the medialis gastrocnemius of stroke patients and investigate between these parameters and modified Ashworth scale(MAS) relationship. 5 years clinical experience physical therapist using the Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) was selected 15 patients with ankle spasticity and divided randomly MAS2, MAS3, MAS4 groups. Myotonometer and sEMG was measured during relaxed and maximum voluntary contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle. The results of this study, the higher MAS score was the lowered the relaxation and contraction state tissue compliance and muscle activity and in the correlation analysis the higher MAS score during voluntary contraction in the cylinder receiving low-intensity correlation could see that increased than relaxation. Therefore, the myotonometer is a useful clinical and research tool with spasticity muscle and can provide objective quantitative data about the efficacy of physical therapy interventions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 1997

Stem diameter and shoot fresh weight of tomato grown in greenhouse were measured non-destructively at 10 minutes interval from 1 to 16 July, 1996 with displacement detector using strain gauges and with suspension-type load cell, respectively, and simultaneously were measured soil water potential, transpiration and solar radiation. Ample water was irrigated before experiment, and thereafter, irrigations were made on the next morning when visual symptoms of wilting appeared. Shoot fresh weight and stem diameter showed very similar patterns in diurnal changes which are characterized by predawn maximum and afternoon minimum and in long- term evolutions, suggesting that stem diameter shrinkage and expansion are closely related to plant water content and growth, respectively, Shoot weight and stem diameter reached minimum values a little later than the time on which transpiration showed maximum. The daily net gains of fresh weight(DG) and stem diameter(DI) showed significantly Positive correlations with solar radiation in those days on which plants were not water-stressed. However, Dl and DG on those days of water stress showed much lower values than expected from the relationships between solar radiation and them. Transpiration was much lower than the expected potential transpiration on 10 July, implying that plants were water-stressed. In this case water stress was not detected from visual symptom of wilting and/or soil water potential, but was able to be identified by the lower DI and DG than the expected. The maximum contraction of stem diameter(MC) and the maximum loss of fresh weight(ML) during daytime showed significantly positive correlations with solar radiation in those days on which plants were not water-stressed and were observed greater than expected from the relationships on severely water-stressed days. But mild water stress could not be discernable by ML and MC. It would be concluded that the daily net gains of fresh weight and/or stem diameter could be used as criteria for diagnosing the water status of tomato and for triggoring the onset of irrigation in automatic system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1740-1748
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the long-term high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) on the spasticity and the balance in chronic stroke patients. Twenty-six subjects with spasticity over lower limbs were allocated randomly into two groups under standard rehabilitation: (1) TENS group, (2) placebo-TENS group. TENS stimulation was applied on the both the gastrocnemius for 30 minutes, 5 days a week for 4 weeks(100 Hz, 0.25 ms, 2 times sensory threshold). The Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS) and Hand-held manual muscle tester were used to assess the ankle plantarflexor spasticity. Balance function under three conditions was measured by using force-plate and the amount of postural sway was assessed; in (1) the condition of standing with eyes opened, (2) with eyes closed and (3) the condition of standing on unstable surface with eyes opened. Both groups showed significant improvement in spasticity and balance function after treatment for 4 weeks(p<.05). Especially, TENS group showed a significant reduction of spasticity compared to placebo-TENS group(p<.05). These results suggested that additional stimulation of a long-term high-frequency TENS to standard rehabilitation induced an improved balance function and a spasticity reduction. The long-term application of high-frequency TENS will be an effective intervention for reducing spasticity and increasing balance ability in the chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 1996

Cultivated tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the fresh water were acclimated to the sea water to improve palatability of the fish meat. Physicochemical properties in the rigor mortis of those fish meats were investigated during storage at $0^{\circ}C,\;10^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. The faster onset of rigor mortis was occurred in acclimated meat than fresh water cultivated meat. Both meats stored at $0^{\circ}C$ showed faster figro mortis than at $10^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$. Significant difference was not observed between the breaking strength and the rigor index. The breaking strength reached maximum over 12hrs after death and then gradually declined, and the rigor index was slowly increased and reached maximum over 18hrs after postmortem. Low temperature and acclimation to the sea water affected the degradation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), accumulation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) or lactate. These results suggest that the palatability of tilapia muscle cultivated in the fresh water could be improved by acclimation to the sea water which induces the prerigor at the early state of postmortem and the physical changes of fish muscle.