• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.401-418
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• 2010

This experiment was selected a $\beta$-glucan producing mushroom strain and developed industrial media, and used to $\beta$-glucan as an alternative for antibiotics in weaned pigs. Yields of mycelial biomass and extracellular $\beta$-glucan from Youngji (Ganoderma lucidum) mushroom was 8.52g/L and 4.49g/L respectively. Also, we prepared optimum formula for mushroom cultivations. A total of 144 pigs ($8.6{\pm}0.9$ kg average body weight, weaned $20{\pm}3$ days of age) were allotted to 4 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 pigs per replicate in randomized complete block design. Treatments were T1) NC (negative control, basal diet), T2) PC (positive control, basal diet+0.255% antibiotics), T3) NC+0.2% $\beta$-glucan and T4) PC+0.2% $\beta$-glucan. The T2 and T4 treatments were significantly higher in feed efficiency by antibiotics group (p<0.05), however, there was no significant differences in terms of average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during phase I (0~14 days). In phase II (15~28 days), Pigs fed with antibiotics and $\beta$-glucan (T4) had greater ADG than other treatments (p<0.05), while no differences were observed in ADFI and feed efficiency. During the whole experiment period, the ADG of T4 treatment was higher than other treatments. Pigs fed with $\beta$-glucan (T3 and T4) had greater diarrhea score and moisture content than other treatments (p<0.05). Pigs fed with $\beta$-glucan (T3 and T4) had greater moisture content than other treatments (p<0.05). However, there was no significant differences in diarrhea score and mortality of weaned pigs. There was marginal reductions in feed cost measured feed cost per weight gain used in antibiotics and $\beta$-glucan added diet during phase I. In the second phase, the treatment supplemented with antibiotics had a significantly lower feed cost per weight gain compared to the other treatments. The results from these experiments suggests that $\beta$-glucan is likely able to improve the growth performance, and reduce feed cost although they do not have similar effects like antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.243-282
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• 2010

In this paper, we analyze the components and trends of carbon emissions using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index decomposition method in Korean electricity industry during the period 1991~2007. In the demand side, carbon emissions are affected by electricity intensity and structural shift and especially electricity intensity is identified as the major factor which has lead carbon emissions decreasing. In the supply side, the result in variations of carbon emission for electric power generation depends on the influences of fossil fuel mix, fuel intensity, generation mix and so on. As a result fuel intensity is the most negative effect on both carbon emission intensity and the amount of carbon emission while the change of generation mix has a positive effect on increasing carbon emissions. And to conclude it needs to make the strategic policies to improve electricity intensity in the demand and to rise emission efficiency as well as to substitute thermal power generation in supply side.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.761-796
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to derive fuel mix of electricity generating system with the lowest cost considering energy security and climate change mitigations as the target of energy policy. Energy Security Price Index(ESPI), based on the measure of market concentration in fossil fuel market and political risk of exporting countries, is chosen to assess the level of energy security. The methodology of Energy Conservation Supply Curve(CSC) is applied to fuel mix to meet the carbon emission mitigation through increasing the alternatives participation and introduction of new technologies. These also represent an improvement on the level of energy security, having the complementarity between two objectives. The alternative measure for improving energy security is exploration and production(E&P) of fossil fuel for energy sufficiency. Fuel mix of electricity generating system to achieve certain objectives in 2020 can be derived with the lowest cost considering energy security and carbon emission mitigations.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.26-38
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• 2020

Mixture design of self-compacting concrete is a typical multi-criteria decision making problem and conventional mixture designs are based on the low level engineering method like trials and errors through iteration method to satisfy the various requirements. This study concerns with performing the straightforward multiobjective design optimization of economic SCC mixture considering relative importances of the various requirements and cost-effectives of SCC. Total five requirements of 28day compressive strength, filling ability, segregation stability, material cost and mass were taken into consideration to prepare the objective function to be formulated in form of the weighted-multiobjective mixture design optimization problem. Economic SCC mixture computational design can be given in a rational way which considering material costs and the relative importances of the requiremets and from the result of this study it is expected that the development of SCC mixtue computational design and the consequent univeral concrete material design optimization methodology can be advanced.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.31-47
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable tool that can classify and measure detailed indicators related to the performance of ESG implementation in the country and verify their applicability. Based on World Bank's data as input data, 67 types of ESG-related detailed indicators measured in a total of 239 countries were tested to derive an optimal model that could group detailed indicators into three categories: environment, society, and governance. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that a total of 10 detailed indicators had a statistically significant relationship with the country's ESG performance. In addition, the detailed indicators showed a positive correlation with the primary latent variables E, S, and G, and showed a high overall index in the suitability of the model to secure the validity and reliability of variable input. As a result, this study confirmed that several detailed performance indicators constituting ESG can be classified as latent variables, and it can be said that clear criteria for the selection method and input validity of variables were presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2008

An emergy concept was used to evaluate the environment and economy of the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River in Korea. The emergy evaluations clearly showed ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of the estuarine areas that act as ecological and economic centers of surrounding areas. River, tide, and rain provided most of the renewable emergy inputs to the estuarine areas with their contribution to the total emergy input less than 8%. The estuarine areas mostly relied for their operation on the purchased emergy which accounted for $92{\sim}98%$ of the total emergy input to the systems. Emergy indices such as emergy use per unit area, population carrying capacity, environmental loading ratio, and emergy sustainability index revealed that the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River are not sustainable at the current level of economic activities in the areas. The ecological economic values of the environment of the areas were in the range of $7.29{\sim}22.06$ million Em\/ha/yr. They are more than twice that for the whole country, indicating the ecological and economic importance of the eatuarine areas. It is, therefore, urgent to establish and implement estuarine management policies to protect and restore the ecological and economic potentials of the estuarine areas of Yeongsan River, Seomjin River, and Han River. Management plans for the estuarine areas should include both demand-side measures such as reduction of population and economic concentration and consideration of ecological carrying capacity in planning stages for utilization and development of the areas, and supply-side ones such as restoration of degraded ecosystems and construction of new productive ecosystems.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.297-311
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• 2011

This paper deals with a strategic investment decision model for improving investment profit in shipping industry. Despite the quantitative expansion of Korean shipping business, many shipping firms have suffered financial difficulties due to financial and operating risks that result from the characteristics of capital-intensive business as well as of volatility of shipping markets. As a result, managers in charge of making an investment decision, particularly in tramper business sector, are required to take both financial and operating risk factors into consideration. Put it differently, managers are strongly recommended to avoid these risks by ship asset play; buy-low and sell-high, which results in considerable capital gain and cost reduction. In addition, managers in shipping industry are also recommended to consider the ship chartering investment alternative when the freight markets show extreme volatility as the case of 2008 triggered by sub-prime mortgage financial crisis in USA. For example, the BDI suffered plunging down from 1000 in 2008 to 100 in 2010. Consequently, the 4th largest shipping company in Korea, DAEHAN Shipping Co., has collapsed primarily due to excessive tonnage expansion during the peak time of bulk market. In sum, the strategic investment decision model, suggested in this paper, is designed to include such factors as capital gain by asset play, timely chartering for alternative shipping service, and optimization of operating profit by tonnage adjustment in accordance with change in the shipping markets concerned.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.400-401
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• 2016

본 논문은 재난 리스크 평가를 위한 집계구 통계자료의 활용방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 인구통계자료, 주택통계자료, 전국사업체 자료는 재난취약성분석과 리스크 평가를 위한 필수 요소이다. 재난의 분석과 평가를 위하여 GIS에 구축하는 자료로는 인구의 총인구, 평균나이, 인구밀도, 노령화지수, 교육수준 등이 있다. 이 자료들을 공간정보로 구축함으로써 기존의 넓은 수준의 데이터를 활용하는 것 보다 정밀한 분석이 가능하다고 판단된다. 또한, 인구와 관련된 데이터뿐만 아니라 집계구 통계 자료는 주택의 건축년도와, 주택의 유형(다세대, 아파트, 연립, 영업용건물주택의 정보를 가지고 있다. 이는 건물의 경제적 평가를 위한 자료로 활용될 것이다. 또한 선정된 지역의 사업체를 분류하여 각 폴리곤의 주요 사업체를 조사하여 공간정보를 구축함. 구축된 공간정보는 리스크 평가를 위한 자료로서 활용될 수 있다 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.779-797
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• 2017

완전자본시장에서는 기업의 투자활동이 자금조달 방법과 무관하지만, 현실경제에서는 정보비대칭성으로 인해 외부자금 조달이 제약되는 금융제약 현상이 발생할 수 있다. 금융제약 현상은 기업의 규모가 작거나, 업력이 짧을수록, 그리고 하이테크 산업의 기업일수록 심화된다는 것이 일반적인 시각이다. 우리나라 코스닥 시장은 상대적으로 금융제약에 노출되는 기업들이 주로 상장되는 시장으로, 본 연구는 코스닥 상장이 개별 기업의 금융제약을 완화하는데 효과가 있었는지에 대해서 분석하였다. 분석 결과 금융제약 완화효과가 확인되었으며, 이러한 효과가 통합 증권선물거래소(현(現) 한국거래소)가 출범 후 강화된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 투자자 보호 측면의 체질개선이 거래량 및 코스닥 지수 등에는 일부 부정적이었을 수 있으나, 시장 안정화를 통해 기업의 자금조달을 도왔다는 것을 시사한다.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-115
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• 2012

This study empirically examines the impact of changes in market shares among retailing types on the price index. The retailing type is classified into 6 groups: department store, big mart, super market, convenient store, specialty merchant, and on-line store. The market shares of retailing types are calculated by the ratio of each retailing type monthly sales to total monthly retailing sales in which total retailing sales is the sum of each retailing type sales. We employed several price indices: consumer price index (CPI), CPI for living necessaries, and fresh food price index. In addition, this study used fundamental price indices based on 25 product families as well as 42 representative products. The empirical model also included several variables in order to control for the macroeconomic effects and those variables are the exchange rate, M1, an oil price, and the industrial production index. The data is monthly time-series data spanning over the period from January 2000 to December 2010. In order to test for the stability of data series, we conducted ADF test and PP test in which the model and length of lag were determined by the relevant previous literature and based on the AIC. The empirical results indicate that changes in market shares among retailing types have impacts on the price index. Table A shows that impacts differ as to which price index to use and which product families and products to use. For department store, it lowers the price of food and non-alcoholic beverages, home appliances, fresh food, fresh and vegetables, but it keeps the price high for fresh fruit. The big mart retailing type has a positive impact on the price of food, nut has a negative effect on clothing and foot wear, non-food, and fresh fruit. For super market, it has a positive impact on food and non-alcoholic beverages, fresh food, fresh shellfishes, but increases the price of CPI for living necessaries and non-food. The specialty merchant retailing type increases the price level of CPI for living necessaries and fresh fruit. For on-line store type, it keeps the price high for CPI for living necessaries and non-food as well as fresh fruit. For the analysis based on 25 product families shows that changes in market shares among retailing types also have different effects on the price index. Table B summarizes the different results. The 42 representative product level analysis is summerized in Table C and it indicates that changes in market shares among retailing types have different effects on the price index. The study offers the theoretical and practical implication to these findings and also suggests the direction for the further analysis.