• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.581-585
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• 2002

Focal epithelial hyperplasia(FEH) is Human papilloma virus - induced, localized proliferation of oral squamous epithelium. FEH usually occurs in the childhood, but occasionally affects the young and middle-aged adults. Sites of the greatest involvement include the labial, buccal and lingual mucosa, but lesions of gingiva or tongue have also been reported. This disease is typically characterized by multiple soft, non-tender flattened papules and plaques. Occasional lesions show a slight papillary surface change. Individual lesions are small, discrete and well demarcated. The histopathologic hallmark of FEH is acanthosis of the oral epithelium. Cells demonstrating viral cytopathic changes including koilocytes or mitosoid cells may be present. The 5-year-old female of this case visited Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University with a chief complaint of exophytic lesions on gingiva. Sessile papillary papules were detected by clinical examination on buccal gingiva at the maxillary left and right second deciduous molars. The patient did not complain of pain by palpation. An excisional biopsy was carried out for a histological examination and acanthosis was observed. The lesions were diagnosed as FEH. FEH would regress spontaneously after several months or years. Conservative excision may be performed for diagnostic or esthetic purpose. The risk of recurrence after this therapy is minimal, and there is no malignant transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.613-630
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• 2005

In this article, the author inquired the multi-layered sphere of a commoner's settlement of Jangha-ri in modem times to approach the territoriality and socio-spatial characteristics of it. This settlement has originated in a lineage settlement of Jinju-Gang, and has experienced socio-spatial cohesion since its making(the 17th Century). Especially, it is found that the territoriality of Jangha-ri has fluctuated in times and has obtained multi-layeredness according to the human-nature relationship, to the social relationship, and to the political relationship of villagers. As a result, it is interpreted that the socio-spatial characteristics and territoriality of Jangha-ri in modem times do not only have a physical reality, but also social, political, cultural one.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.107-150
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• 2019

The article is intended to examine the four main vocalists, including Freddie Mercury, of the legendary rock group Queen, whose movie has generated a "Queen Syndrome" all over the world, and is widely shared by nearly 10 million viewers in Korea. In today's era of cultural content, this paper studied the relationship between their personality and character in the sense of storytelling for the four Queen members who left charismatic voices and beautiful pop music harmonies. As a theoretical background, I will focus our research on the members' psychological and human factors for the popularization of rock music, but I will apply the environmental factors that each member has been born and lived in, as well as the factors of family relations, such as parents. Queen is a band that has performed throughout the world for about 20 years, from the early 1970s to the birth and disappearance of a rock group. In sum, the four members of Queen, who have strong personalities, showed various musical possibilities by combining completely different genres such as acafella, ballad, opera and hard rock, depending on their taste and imagination, and achieved legendary fame that transcended generations by displaying excellent skills in communicating with the public. The four personality and characters, the rock group Queen and its main vocal Freddie Mercury, were the feet of association calculated by correlation from internal to external influences.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2021

Satellite magnetic observations reflect the magnetic properties of deep crust about the depth of Curie isotherm that is a boundary where the magnetic nature of the rocks is disappeared, showing long wavelength anomalies that are not easily detected in near-surface data from airborne and shipborne surveys. For this reason, they are important not only in the analyses on such as plate reconstruction of tectonic boundaries and deep crustal structures, but in the studies of geothermal distribution in Antarctic and Greenland crust, related to global warming issue. It is a conventional method to compute the spherical harmonic coefficients from global coverage of satellite magnetic observations but it should be noted that inclusion of erroneous data from the equator and the poles where magnetic observations are highly disturbed might mislead the global model of the coefficients. Otherwise, the reduced anomaly model can be obtained with less corruption by choosing the area of interest with proper data processing to the area. In this study, I produced a satellite crustal magnetic anomaly map over East Asia (20° ~ 55°N, 108° ~ 150°E) centered on Korean Peninsula, from CHAMP satellite magnetic measurements about mean altitude of 280 km during the last year of the mission, and compared with the one from global crustal magnetic model (MF7). Also, a comparison was made with long wavelength anomalies from EMAG2 model compiled from all near-surface data over the globe.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-131
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• 2008

The Miocene andesite and basalt intruded into and/or extruded on the Cretaceous volcanic and granitic rocks over the area of Chenjabong and Sirubong in the vicinity of Jinhae, southern part of Kyongsang basin. The K-Ar ages of the younger volcanic rocks are from 16 Ma (Sirubong andesite) to 10 Ma (Cheonjabong basalt), which indicate the Miocene volcanism in the outer part of the Tertiary basin in the Korean peninsula. The volcanics are divided into Chenjabong andesite, Cheonjabong basaltic andesite, Sirubong andesite and Cheonjabong basalt. The Cheonjabong andesite is composed of phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and plagioclase ($An_{60{\sim}64}$) and groundmass with lath-like plagioclase ($An_{76{\sim}84}$) and glass. The Cheonjabong basaltic andesite is composed of plagioclase phenocryst ($An_{60{\sim}64}$) with plagioclase lath ($An_{65}$) and glass in groundmass. The Sirubong andesite is only consisted of plagiocalse lath ($An_{64{\sim}68}$) and glass with absence of phonocryst. The Cheonjabong basalt shows typical porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of olivine ($Fo_{69-84}$) and clinopyroxene. The groundmass of the Cheonjabong basalt is composed of microphenocrysts of olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase ($An_{66{\sim}71}$) and plagioclase laths ($An_{57{\sim}65}$) showing pillotaxitic and intergranular texture. The Cheonjabong andesite, Cheonjabong basaltic andesite, Sirubong andesite are belong to calc-alkialine but the Cheonjabong basalt is alkaline basalt. By tectonic discrimination diagrams the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks have occurred boundary.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.360-375
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare 10th grade students' understanding of concepts about the plates' motions depending on the different spatial ability. Based on previous studies and literature reviews, two instruments were selected and used in this study. The Spatial Perception Test developed in Korean Testing Center was applied to measure students' spatial ability. Another instrument for testing students' understandings of plates' motions consists of a total of 10 items. The instruments were distributed to 118 students who were 10th graders in metropolitan city. The results are as follows: First, a correlation coefficient between conceptual understanding of plates' motions and spatial ability was r=0.439 (p<.01). It indicates that conceptual plates' motions and spatial ability have a moderate relationship. The students were divided into two groups (high and low) by spatial ability. The independent t-test was performed and reveals that the statistically significant difference between high and low groups. On the other hand, the 6 students (3 higher spatial ability students and 3 lowers) were selected and interviewed individually to find the differences in their understanding of the concept of plates' motions. The findings from interviews indicate that most students recognized about concepts of trench and ocean ridge, a rise and drop of the mantle, and divergent and convergent boundaries. However, students had misconceptions about section of trench and ocean ridge. In addition, the students who had higher spatial ability knew the more proper concepts about the creation and extinction of plate, crustal movements, and bottom of the ocean extension, whereas the students who had the lower spatial ability had misconceptions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.823-830
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• 2001

Background: Paraplegia is a serious complication of thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic operations, which is related to ischemic injury of the spinal cord induced by low perfusion pressure during cross clamping of the aorta. Ischemic preconditioning of heart or brain with reversible sublethal ischemic injury induces resistance to subsequent lethal ischemia. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ischemic tolerance could be induced by the preconditioning of the spinal cord using swine model. Material and Method: The animals were randomly assigned to three groups: sham group(n=3), control group(n=6) and pre-conditioning group(n=8). In the sham group, we performed the left thoracotomy only without any ischemic injury. In the preconditioning group, the swine received reversible spinal cord ischemic injury by aortic clamping for 20 minutes, whereas control group had no previous aortic cross- clamping. Forty-eight hours later, the aorta was clamped for 30 minutes in both groups. Neurological examination was done 24 hours later, then the animals were euthanized for histopathology and malonedialdehyde(MDA) spectrophotometry assay of the spinal cord. Result: Statistically significant difference in neurological outcome was observed between the control and preconditioning groups at 24 hours after ischemic injury. The incidence of paraplegia and severe paresis was 100% in the control group, and 62.5% in the preconditing group(p=0.028). There was no statistically significant difference in histopathology and MDA assay of the ischemic spinal cord between these two groups with borderline statistical difference in MDA assay(p=0.0745). Conclusion: In the present swine study, ischemic preconditioning could induce tolerance against 30 minute ischemic insult of the spinal cord, although the animals did not completely recover(stand-up or walk). We expect that combining this preconditioning with other currently existing protection methods might lead to a synergistic effect, which warrants further investigation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.180-190
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• 2014

It has been customary to exclude top 10-20% of velocity profiles in the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurement due to side lobe effects at the boundary. To better understand the mixing in the Yeongsan estuary, the freshwater advection speed (FAS) was recovered from highly contaminated ADCP data near the surface. The velocity profiles were measured by using ADCP at two stations in the Yeongsan estuary during August 2011: one was located in front of the Yeongsan estuarine dam and the other was deployed near Goha Island. The FAS was recovered from the ADCP data set by applying rigorous post-processing methods and compared with the sediment advection speed (SAS). The SAS was determined by the peak time difference of suspended sediment concentration between two stations in the channel, divided by the distance of two stations. The FAS and the SAS showed very similar value when the freshwater discharge was greater than $2.0{\times}10^7$ ton and the SAS was a bit greater when the freshwater discharge was smaller. Since the FAS was on average about 0.8 m/s greater than the velocity at 0.8 of water depth from the bottom, the net discharge, estimated with recovered FAS and integrated over water depth and tidal cycle, was directed seaward during the high discharge contrary to the onshore direction of the net discharge estimated with 0.8 of water depth from the bottom. Moreover, the velocity shear and Richardson number changed when the FAS was used. Thus, the importance of the true FAS is appreciated in the investigation of the surface layer stability. If currents, temperature and salinity were observed for longer time in the future, it could be possible to more accurately understand the formation and decay of stratification as well as the suspended sediment transport processes.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2010

The ambipolar diffusion equation has been solved in a fine-tube lamp of a few mm in diameter. In the diffusion of radial direction, the plasma diffuses and vanishes away at the glass wall by recombination with the characteristic time of plasma loss is given by $\tau_r\;=\;(r_0/2.4)^2/D_a$. With the radius $r_0{\sim}1\;mm$ and the ambipolar diffusion coefficient $D_a{\sim}0.01\;m^2/s$, the vanishing time is calculated $\tau_r{\sim}10\;{\mu}s$ which corresponds to the least value of frequency 30 kHz for the sustaining the plasma in the operation of high voltage AC-power. In the diffusion of longitudinal z-direction, a high density plasma generated at the area of a high voltage electrode, diffuses into the positive column with the characteristic time $\tau_z{\sim}0.1\;s$. The plasma diffusion velocity at the boundary of high density plasma is $u_D{\sim}10^2\;m/s$ at the time $t{\sim}10^{-6}$ s and the diffusion velocity becomes slow as $u_D{\sim}1\;m/s$ at $t{\sim}10^{-3}\;s$. Therefore, for the long lamp of 1 m, it takes about several seconds for the high density plasma at the area of electrode to diffuse through the whole positive column space.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.133-149
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• 1997

In the metapelites around the Ogcheon granite, the metamorphic grade increases from the biotite zone through the andalusite zone to the sillimanite zone towards the intrusion contact. In the metabasites around the Boeun granite, the metamorphic grade increases from transitional zone between the greenchist and amphibolite facies through the amphibolite facies to the upper amphibolite facies towards the intrusion contact. In the Doiri area locating near the intrusion contact of the Boeun granite, sillimanite- and andalusite-bearing metapelites are found with in 500 m away from the contact. The evidence described above indicates that the Ogcheon and Boeun granites caused low-P/T type contact metamorphism to the country rocks. The P-T condition of contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of the Ogcheon granite is $540{\pm}40^{circ}C, 2.8{\pm}0.9$ kb. The temperature condition of contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of the Boeun granite is $698{\pm}28^{\circ}C$. The wide compositional range of amphibole and plagioclase in the metabasites around the Boeun granite is due to the immisibility gab of amphibole and plagioclase and unstable relict composition resulted from an incomplete metamorphic reaction. The compositional range of stable amphibole and plagioclase decreases as a metamorphic grade increases due to a close of immiscibility gab. The thermal effect of contact metamorphism due to the intrusion of the Ogcheon and Boeun granites, are calculated using the CONTACT2 program based on a two dimensional finite difference method. In order to estimate the thermal effect of an introduced pluton, a circle with 10 km diameter and a triangle with 20 km side are used for the intrusion geometries of the Ogcheon granite and the Boeun granite, respectively. The results from the field and modeling studies suggest that the intrusion temperatures of the Ogcheon granite close to $800^{\circ}C$ and the intrusion temperature of the Boeun granite is higher than $1000^{\circ}C$. However, the intrusion temperatures can be lower than the suggested temperature, if the geothermal gradient prior to the intrusion of the Ogcheon and Boeun granites was higher than the normal continental grothermal gradient.