• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.65-82
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• 2024

As interest in carbon absorption increases to respond to the global climate crisis, the environmentally friendly design of exterior spaces of apartments, which account for 63.5% of all residences in Korea, is required. In this study, a planting design guideline for increasing the amount of carbon adsorption in the space outside apartments was developed. This is meaningful in suggesting a planting design strategy according to the type of space with the aim of presenting a realistic solution to respond to the climate crisis and carbon output in the domestic construction industry. A carbon calculator was used for the calculation of carbon absorption for trees, and previous research data was used for shrubs and flowers. Based on the laws and regulations related to the exterior space of apartments and design guidelines for each construction company, major landscape spaces were extracted and categorized into central plazas, peripheral forests, waterfront spaces, play and exercise spaces, and small gardens. Apartment complexes in Seoul and the Seoul metropolitan area among the 2021 and later winners of the 'Livable Apartment Award' were selected, and the carbon uptake of landscape trees by space was calculated for more than 1,000 apartments. Based on this, a guideline for planting by space was prepared to increase carbon adsorption. As a result of applying the planting guidelines to the sample target site, the carbon adsorption amount increased by about 5-63% compared to the existing design, and it converged toward the target carbon adsorption amount. This was determined by confirming that the amount of carbon adsorption could increase when planting guidelines were applied. This study is significant for establishing design guidelines by summarizing the carbon absorption data of landscape trees, but it is necessary to secure data on all landscape materials, not just trees, for future carbon reduction design in the landscape field. By presenting practical planting data and design guidelines that can improve carbon absorption in the design and construction of exterior space planting in apartment complexes, this study is significant as basic research that can be utilized as indicators and guidelines for future carbon absorption-related design and is expected to contribute to climate change response in urban environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

In this study, negative air ions, which can increase comfort and positively influence human health, was set as an evaluative factor for school forests. The characteristics, location and microclimate of school forests were examined to determine an effective school forest model for maximum negative air ion generation. It also aimed to provide basic data for the development of urban green fields. The negative air ion concentrations were different according to the green types. The order from the highest to the lowest was: single-layer structure($934ea/cm^3$) > multi-layer structure($794ea/cm^3$) > grass($553ea/cm^3$) > bare ground($529ea/cm^3$). As for the correlation with microclimate, negative air ion concentration was negatively correlated with temperature. The negative air ion concentration was significantly different according to planting type. The negative air ion concentration was higher at single-layer structure sites than at multi-layer structure sites, which appears to indicate that the temperature is higher when the vegetation structure was single-layer compared to multi-layer. Wind speed was higher at the single-layer planted site than at the multi-layer planted site. The vegetation wind shielding effect was lower at single-layer planted sites than at multi-layer planted sites. The single-layer planted site provided more favorable conditions for the generation and dispersion of negative air ions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.5 no.4 s.16
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

Gas safety devices are very effective to prevent catastrophic gas accident in domestic. The safety devices are included in domestic gas equipment such as extinguishing safety device and adapted at pipeline such as fuse cock, shut off device with gas alarm and so forth. In spite of using those safety devices, a few hundreds of gas accident was happened annually in residential house. In this study, we analysed systematically the domestic accidents which was happened in five years using fault tree analysis(FTA) method and analysed the effectiveness of individual safety device. And also, it was suggested that the rate of accident was decreased quantitatively by increasing safety device which is adapted in domestic. By analysis of 769 gas accidents in domestic, the order of effectiveness of safety device to prevent domestic gas accident was the multi-functional gas-safe-meter(micom-meter), fuse cock, gas leak alarm and CO alarm. If the above four kind of safety device are adapted to every house, about $59\%$ of accident will be reduced and the most of catastrophic gas accident will be Prevented in domestic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.590-600
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• 2021

This study compared the stand structure of Abies koreana forests between Mt. Jirisan and Mt. Hallasan by analyzing DBH distribution, stem vitality, crown structure, importance value, species diversity, and DCA. The data were acquired through the national long-term ecological research project conducted by the Ministry of Environment. In the comparison of DBH class distribution, the stem density of A. koreana with DBH < 20 cm was higher in Mt. Hallasan than that in Mt. Jirisan; however, the stem density of A. koreana with DBH > 20 cm was higher in Mt. Jirisan than that in Mt. Hallasan. For A. koreana stem vitality, the ratio of alive standing was higher in Mt. Jirisan (72.0%) than in Mt. Hallasan (60.7%), whereas the ratio of alive leaning was higher in Mt. Hallasan (10.2%) than in Mt. Jirisan (1.1%). A. koreana stand in Mt. Jirisan was a mature stand with four evenly developed and distinct layers, whereas the tree layer in Mt. Hallasan was less than 10 m and the stand had three layers without a subtree layer. Mt. Hallasan's importance value of A. koreana was 39.4% higher than Mt. Jirisan's importance value of 26.6%. The species diversity of the A. koreana community of Mt. Jirisan was 2.52 times higher than that of Mt. Hallasan, which was 1.58. DCA results revealed that the average distance between Mt. Jirisan and Mt. Hallasan was relatively distinguished, and the degree of scattering of species composition of Mt. Jirisan was relatively dense compared with that of Mt. Hallasan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The habitats characteristics of Polypodium vulgare L. in Ulleung-do were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 410~748m with inclinations of $12{\sim}80^{\circ}$. Sixty six vascular plants were identified from 10 quadrats in 4 habitats. Dominant species among the woody plants, based on importance value, were Acer pictum subsp. mono(49.52%) in the tree (T1) layer, Sorbus amurensis(28.99%) in the subtree (T2) and Schizophragma hydrangeoides(51.99%), Ligustrum foliosum(8.82%), Fagus engleriana(7.25%) in the shrub (S) layer. Importance value for members of the herb (H) layer were as follows: Polypodium vulgare 23.23%; Maianthemum dilatatum 9.65%; Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica 9.23%; Dryopteris crassirhizoma 8.40%; Carex shimidzensis 6.75% and Dystaenia takesimana 5.42%. The importance value of the last five species were high, so they were at affinity with Polypodium vulgare in their habitats. Species diversity was 1.18, and dominance and evenness were found to be 0.11 and 0.84, respectively. The soil types were sandy loam. Average field capacity was 30.42%, and the organic matter and pH were 17.95%, and 4.70. Correlation coefficients based on environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis were showed that positive correlations between species diversity and species richness, whereas between species diversity and dominance, coverage of Polypodium vulgare and species richness were showed negative correlations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.315-320
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• 2016

This study was carried out to establish a management plan for urban forest trails with analysis of trail damage types and soil physicochemical properties on 3 urban forest parks in Jinju, Gyeongnam-do. We found that soil hardness was significantly higher in forest trails than forest area at 0 cm and 5 cm at a significance level of 0.05. However, we could not find any significant differences for other soil properties. For the trail damage types, the most common types were as follows: trail expansion (66%), trail erosion (59%), side road (57%), and trail boundary erosion and root exposure (41%). The results showed no difference in most of these types between the trails and forest area, indicating that the forest area might be damaged as well as the trails. Priority should be given to prepare measures that prevent soil compaction from overcrowded hikers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.3
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• pp.400-409
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• 1994

To investigate the noise attenuation effects of various vegetation configurations, noise levels on 6 study sites along relatively heavy traffic roads were measured. The differences between noise level measures at 1m and 10m spots from the road range from 10 to 15dB depending upon the attributes of the vegetation. When flat grass land was set to control plot, the maximum noise attenuation at 10m spot was measured at the densely planted shrubs with 5dB difference. The areas on upward slope from the road showed the least attenuation effects. Based on the study results, an appropriate setting for low level residential area noise buffer belt would be densely planted shrubs with at least 3m width and 2m height. To be effective, 3m width soft areas covered with grasses are needed at the front and behind sides of the belt. More than 15dB of the noise level caused by the road traffic would be attenuated with the prescription.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2009

This study was to find out the quantitative relation between urban treed area(neighborhood parks) and the atmosphere environment in real condition, focusing the gas-phase non-reacting air pollutants(SOx and NOx) decreasing function of trees in urban area. It also developed a quantitative analysis method for evaluation of the atmosphere influence in the type of treed areas. We set up the Pagoda Park in Seoul and its neighbourhood as a modelling area to analyse air quality impacts by urban neighbourhood park trees. From the modelling result of the Pagoda Park case study, it is concluded that urban neighbourhood park has an important meaning to suppress construction of emission sources which drive the urban polluted air quality worse, even though park's trees have relatively small air purifying function. Especially in the urban area severely contaminated by air pollutants, the first considered air quality management policy is conservation of green spaces in neighborhood park.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.78-84
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• 2000

Two flavanones and one flavone were isolated from the diethylether soluble fraction of ethanol extract of Larix leptolepis heartwood. These compounds were identified 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavanone(taxifolin), 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone(aromadendrin) and 3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone(quercetin) by instrumental analyses using UV, IR, MS and NMR spectrometries. Antioxidative activies of these compounds were investigated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Quercetin and taxifolin indicated high free radical scavenging activities compared to ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and BHT(butylated hydroxytoluene).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

This study investigated effects of water content in leaf, leaf acidity, bark acidity and water soluble sulfur contents by vehicle. The results were as follows: The average water content in Pinus Koraiensis leaves at Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon were 49% and 51 % respectively. The average leaf acidity and bark acidity at Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon were respectively pH 4.8 and pH 4.9 in leaf, pH 5.3 and 5.4 bark. The average water soluble sulfur content in leaves showed a significant difference between Cheongpyoung and Chuncheon of 0.133% and 0.053% respectively.