• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.53-63
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• 2022

In this study, As youth school violence is emerging as a serious social problem, this study needs to actively respond to school violence to prevent and reduce the proportion of secondary cyber violence by examining previous studies related to school violence. By recognizing problems through comparative analysis of the recent status and characteristics of school violence according to changes in the educational environment after COVID-19, we intend to find the right direction for schools, families, and communities to cope with school violence. The analysis data is a psychology that takes into account the change in the educational environment caused by COVID-19 through the first survey of school violence in 2021 by the Ministry of Education. It is meaningful to suggest directions and alternatives to prevent school violence and solve school violence problems by strengthening teachers' responsibility and improving their ability to cope efficiently.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.595-622
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• 2016

This study aims to understand the process of family reunion of the ex-offenders. To this end, Korea Rehabilitation Agency under Ministry of Justice and Healthy Family Support Center conducted intensive interviews with ex-offenders, their families and with 8 counselors who are in charge of ex-offenders and their families' residential, psychological, and educational support. The data collected through the interviews were analyzed by Consensus Qualitative Research(COR). The followings are the results: the counselors found out that most of ex-offenders had experienced unhappy childhood which was lack of healthy relationship with their parents. Secondly, counselors noticed a common feature among the families of ex-offenders. The common feature was that they keep the fact that one of their parents was imprisoned to their children as a secret. Thirdly, through the data analysis, counselors could understand various factors that affect reunion of ex-offenders' families: the factors that helped successful reunion were ex-offenders' sense of responsibility, open and healthy communication among family members, and mutual understanding of being a good family member, whereas, irresponsible dependance to other family members, denier and avoidance from the family members against ex-offenders, and lost sense of being a family member were the factors that discouraged the reunion. It turned out that the kinds of crime that ex-offenders committed also affected family reunion. The processes of reunion were easier for those who served their time with fraud, embezzlement, whereas, it was much more challenging for those who served their time with rape, violence, or murder. Fourthly, counselors learned that "relaxation" is the key factor in the process of reunion of ex-offenders' families. They also emphasized that there should be thorough monitoring process before the intervention in the reunion process. This study contributes in terms of finding healthy ways of intervention with ex-offenders' families and developing programs that help ex-offenders to recover their relationship with their family.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.2575-2583
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• 1998

The productionof the highly relible softwae systems and theirs performance evaluation hae become important interests in the software industry. The software evaluation has been mainly carried out in ternns of both reliability and performance of software system. Software reliability is the probability that no software error occurs for a fixed time interval during software testing phase. These theoretical software reliability models are sometimes unsuitable for the practical testing phase in which a software error at a certain testing stage occurs by causes of the imperfect debugging, abnornal software correction, and so on. Such a certatin software testing stage needs to be considered as an outlying stage. And we can assume that the software reliability does not improve by means of muisance factor in this outlying testing stage. In this paper, we discuss Bavesian software reliability growth modeling and estimation procedure in the presence of an imidentitied outlying software testing stage by the modification of Jehnski Moranda. Also we derive the Bayes estimaters of the software reliability panmeters by the assumption of prior information under the squared error los function. In addition, we evaluate the proposed software reliability growth model with an unidentified outlying stage in an exchangeable model according to the values of nuisance paramether using the accuracy, bias, trend, noise metries as the quantilative evaluation criteria through the compater simulation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

Purpose: This 3D-FEA study was performed to investigate the influence of marginal bone loss pattern around the implant to the stress distribution. Material and methods: From the right second premolar to the right second molar of the mandible was modeled according to the CT data of a dentate patient. Teeth were removed and an implant ($\Phi\;4.0{\times}10.0mm$) was placed in the first molar area. Twelve bone models were created; Studied bone loss conditions were horizontal bone loss and vertical bone loss, assumed bone loss patterns during biologic width formation, and pathologic vertical bone loss with or without cortification. Axial, buccolingual, and oblique force was applied independently to the center of the implant crown. The Maximum von Mises stress value and stress contour was observed and von Mises stresses at the measuring points were recorded. Results: The stress distribution patterns were similar in the non-resorption and horizontal resorption models, but differed from those in the vertical resorption models. Models assuming biologic width formation showed altered stress distribution, and weak bone to implant at the implant neck area seams accelerates stress generation. In case of vertical bone resorption, contact of cortical bone to the implant may positively affect the stress distribution.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2009

Purpose : Thymus is a lymphoproliferative organ that changes size in various physiological states in addition to some pathological conditions. Thymus is susceptible to involution, and shows a dramatic response to severe stress. Thymic measurements may be helpful in various diseases. UTI (urinary tract infection) is most common bacterial infection in infants and VUR (vesicoureteral reflux) is a common abnormality associated with UTI. In our study, the size of thymus was compared on the premise that a greater stress is exerted on the body when UTI is accompanied by VUR, than when occurs on its own. Methods : Thymic size was measured on standard chest anteroposterior radiographs and expressed as the ratio between the transverse diameter of the cardiothymic image at the level of the carina and that of the thorax (CT/T). The medical records of 99 febrile urinary tract infection infants without other genitourinary anomalies except VUR were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Among 99 patients with febrile UTIs, 25 were febrile UTI without VUR and 74 with VUR. For the UTI with VUR group, there was a significant decrease in the thymic size compared to the those without VUR group ($0.382{\pm}0.048$ vs $0.439{\pm}0.079$, P<0.05). However, there were no differences in the duration of fever and WBC, CRP between the UTI with VUR and UTI without VUR. In addition, there were no differences in the cardiothymic/thoracic ratios between renal defects and renal scars in febrile UTI patients. Conclusion : The results of this study show that the shirinkage of thymus was more frequently found in the UTI patients with VUR. Therefore, awareness of the risks associated with thymic size is important for the appropriate work up and management of UTI patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.271-283
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• 1997

This study is designed for the school health education, contributing experience of life from middle school students from broken homes by describing specifically what they go through. And on this basis this study works out a grounded theory on the experience of life for middle school students from broken homes. The data was collected through a series of interviews with nine subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes up to one hour and 20 minutes. The in-depth interviewing methods and observations was used for data collection. The data was analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). By analyzing the materials eighty-three concepts were extracted, and they were united into 21 subordinate categories through the course of analysis. These were classified into nine precedence categories. The core category was found to be the adaptation of 'Wichookdem" or "Shrinkage". "Shrinkage" widows experienced was showed as the results "Self-reliance" and "Overcoming" through the course of generation and reaction, confrontation, and adaptation. According to the analysis findings of materials, the central phenomenon was showed as "shrinkage", the causal condition as "surprise", "Darkness", "Grudge", "Desolate", "Empty". The veins as presence of those around people and existence of support, and the meditate situation as self-support. For the strategy in solving "shrinkage", preparations of countermeasure and self-reinforcement were showed. And self-reliance and overcoming were the results. Through the contrast to the cases of ground materials, relation statements as follows were induced; (1) The weaker the suffering is, the weaker the "shrinkage" tends to be. (2) The stronger the suffering is, the stronger the "shrinkage" tends to be. (3) The more frequent and serious the suffering, the stronger the "shrinkage" tend to be. (4) The more infrequent and not serious the suffering is, the weaker the "shrinkage" tends to be. (5) The weaker the "shrinkage" is, the more self-control1ed the responses tends to be. (6) The stronger the "shrinkage" is, the more impulsive the responses tends to be. (7) The more satisfying the support is, the more self-controlled the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (8) The more dissatisfying the support is, the more impulsive the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (9) The more concrete the type of support is, the more self-controlled the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (10) The more superficial the type of support is, the more impulsive the responses to the "shrinkage" tends to be. (11) The more self-controlled the responses are, the more self-reliant the subjects tends to be. (12) The more impulsive the responses are, the more conflict and wandering the subjects tends to be. (13) Whether the responses to the "shrinkage" express themselves in self-control or an impulse, it will be resulted in the form of either tension or pain. The following two were confirmed on the basis of repetitive relations; (1) If a subject's suffering is weak, infrequent and not serious, the "shrinkage" is weak. Also the subject's support is highly satisfying, and the support type is concrete. The responses to the "shrinkage" result in self-control which consequence is self-reliance with part. of it resulting in tension and pain. (2) If a subject's suffering is strong, frequent and serious, the "shrinkage" is strong. Also the subject's support is dissatisfying, and the support type is superficial. The responses to the "shrinkage" result in an impulsion whose consequence is wandering with part of it resulting in tension and pain. Through the results in this study, the following is to be suggested; O This research is basically aimed at analyzing the experience of the middle school students living in broken homes, for the more inclusive approach, the study for them is made systematically according to the type of their problems.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1995

This study investigates a simple mathematical model for the quantitative estimation of regional myocardial blood flow in experimental canine coronary artery thrombosis using Rb-82 dynamic myocardial positron emission tomography. The coronary thrombosis was induced using the new catheter technique by narrowing the lumen of coronary vessel gradually, which finally led to partial obstruction of coronary artery. Ten Rb-82 dynamic myocardial PET scans were performed sequentially for each experiment using our 5, 10 and 20 second acquisition protocol, respectively, and three regions of interest were drawn on the transaxial slices, one on left ventricular chamber for input function and the other two on normal and decreased perfusion segments for the flow estimation in those regions. Single compartment model has been applied to the measured sets of regional PET data, and the rate constants of influx to myocardial tissue were calculated for regional myocardial flow estimates with the three parameter fits of raw data by the Levenberg-Marquardt method. The results showed that, (1) single compartment model suggested by Kety-Schmidt could be used for the simple estimation of regional myocardial blood flow, (2) the calculated regional myocardial blood flow estimates were dependent on the selection of input function, which reflected partial volume effect and left ventricular wall motion, and (3) mathematically fitted input and tissue time activity curves were more suitable than the direct application of the measured data in terms of convergence.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-139
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• 1990

본 연구는 국민 학교 산수 익힘책의 효율적인 활용 방안을 찾는 데 목적이 있으며, 이를 위하여 선행 및 문헌 연구와 "산수 익힘책"의 활용 실태를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 연구 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. 이론적 배경 연구 및 산수 익힘책의 개발 방향 문헌과 선행 연구를 통하여 보조 교과서의 특성에 따를 활용 방안 및 보조 교과서의 학습 내용에 따른 틀용 방안을 이론적으로 고찰하였고, "산수 익힘책"의 개발 방향 및 그 특색에 대하여 조사하였다. 나. 활용 실태 조사 사용하고 있는 "산수 익힘책"의 활용 실태를 파악하여, 활용 방안을 마련하는 기선 자료를 수집하기 위함이며, 조사 내용은 다음과 같다. 1) 조사 내용 (1) 교사의 측면에서 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 도움 정도 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 수업 시간에의 활응 목적, 방법 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 활용시 편리성 ㆍ 흥미성 ㆍ 활용 시기 ㆍ 가정 학습으로 부과시의 목적 ㆍ 문제 풀이 결과 확인자 ㆍ 교육 과정 반영 정도 ㆍ 개선점 (2) 학부모의 측면에서 ㆍ"산수 익힘책"의 활용 목적 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 활용 정도 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 도움 정도 ㆍ 학부모의 역할 정도 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"에 대한 학생의 흥미도 ㆍ "산수 익힘책"의 개선점 2) 조사 도구 조사 내용에 대하여 국민 학교 1, 2, 3학년 담임 교사용과 학부모용의 질문지를 각각 작성하여 전문가의 검토를 거쳐 "산수 익힘책"의 활용에 관한 실태 조사지를 개발하였다. 이 때, 각 학년별 교사용끼리, 학부모용끼리의 질문지의 문항은 서로 같게 하였으며 교사용은 25문항, 학부모용은 16문항으로 구성하였다. 다. 활용 방안 구안 "산수 익힘책"의 개발 방향과 "산수 익힘책"의 활용 실태 조사에 기초하여 산수 익힘책의 효율적인 활용 방법을 수업 절차에 따라 구분하였다. 수업 절차는 여러 가지 형태가 있지만 본 연구에서는 KEDI의 수업 과정 일반 모형에 준하여 산수 익힘책의 활용 방법을 구안하였다. 라. 활용 방안을 구안하였다. 1) 적용 목적 구안된 "산수 익힘책"의 활용 방안의 현장 적용은 활용 방안의 질을 높이려는 대에 중요한 목적이 있다. 적용 결과는 현장 적용 가능성을 판단할 수 있는 입증 자료가 될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, "산수 익힘책" 관심을 가지고 있는 교사나 연구자에게 학력 향상 가능성에 대한 경험적 근거를 제시함으로써 중요한 시사를 줄 수 있을 것이다. 2) 적용 결과 전체적으로 적응 수업이 실시된 지 3주후 부터는 활용 방안에 익숙해져 "산수 익힘책"을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있었다. 그 뿐만 아니라 자율학습시 학생들 스스로가 상호 확인을 하고, 서로 결손이 있는 부분을 가르쳐 주는 협동 학습이 이루어졌다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2009

This study used laten class growth analysis to identify discrete developmental patterns of delinquent behaviors in adolescence. This present article also examined associations among these trajectories to determine how the development of delinquent behaviors relates to protective and risk factors, which include parental monitoring, attachment with parent, association with deviant peers, self-control, and negative stigma from others. Four-wave panel data from a Korea Youth Panel Study were used for the latent class growth model analysis. The sample consisted of 3,446 adolescents who were assessed at 4 measurement waves with approximately 1-year interval. Four trajectories of delinquent behaviors emerged: delinquency persistence, delinquency increaser, delinquency decreaser, normative group(almost no delinquent behaviors). Association with deviant peers had the most proximal strong influence on the probability of being in the delinquency increaser and delinquency persistence group compared, noed to the normative group. Parental monitoring, self-efficacy and negative stigma also differentiated the four delinquent behavior trajectories from one another after controllig for socio-demographic variables. The study suggested that there is a significant heterogeneity in the timing and change rate of delinquency progression. Adolescent delinquency prevention and intervention programs will need to consider this heterogeneity and enhance attention to protective and risk factors depending on the subpopulation.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of TI-201 SPECT with intra coronary injection (lC-I) in the detection of viable myocardium, we have performed SPECT imaging after direct intracoronary injection of TI-201 and images were compared with those of stress-reinjection (Re-I) SPECT. Methods: Fourteen coronary artery disease patients (male 11, mean age 54 years) who had myocardial infarction or demonstrated left ventricular wall motion abnormality on echocardiography were enrolled. Three mCi of TI-201 was injected into both coronary arteries during angiography and images were acquired between 6- and 24-hour after injection. Reinjection imaging with 1 mCi of TI-201 was performed at 4-hour after adenosine stress imaging with 3 mCi of TI-201. Images were interpreted according to 4-grade visual scoring system (grade 0-3). Segments with mild to moderated uptake (${\leq}$grade 1), and upgraded more than one score with reinjection, and were defined as viable myocardium. Results: Image quality was poor in two cases with IC-I. Numbers of non-viable segments were 60 (23.8%) with IC-I, and 38 (15.1%) with Re-I, respectively. Overall agreement for perfusion grade per myocardial segment in each IC-I and Re-I was 76.5%. Overall agreement for viable segment between IC-I and Re-I was 90.5%. Only one out of 38 segments interpreted as non-viable with Re-I were interpretated as viable with IC-I. And 23 out of 214 segments interpreted as viable with Re-I were interpreted as non-viable with IC-I. Conclusion: Intracoronary TI-201 SPECT seemed to be not advantageous over stress-rest reinjection imaging in the assessment of myocardial viability, mainly due to low count statistics at 6-hour or 24-hour delayed time points. The feasibility of intracoronary TI- 201 SPECT is considered to be limited.