• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2005

Purpose : Ocular adnexal and orbital infections are broadly divided into preseptal(periorbital) and postseptal(orbital) cellulitis by orbital septum. In this study, we investigated the difference between periorbital and orbital cellulitis regarding their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 50 cases who were hospitalized in the Severance hospital due to orbital cellulitis from May 1995 to April 2004. Results : There were 32 males and 18 females. The mean age was $3.2{\pm}3.5$ year. According to the result of orbital computerized tomography, 36 cases were periorbital cellulitis, 10 cases orbital cellulitis and 4 cases not diagnosed. The clinical manifestations of periorbital cellulitis are periorbital swelling(100%), fever(19%), orbital pain(6%), and chemosis(22%). On the other hand, those of orbital cellulitis are periorbital swelling(100%), fever(80%), orbital pain(60%), proptosis(20%), chemosis(70%) and limitation of eye movement(20%). The etiologies of periorbital cellulitis are sinusitis(14%), upper respiratory infection(8%), conjunctivitis (19%), skin wound(14%) and unknown(44%). The etiologies of orbital cellulitis are sinusitis (50%), upper respiratory infection(20%), and unknown(30%). The first line antibiotics used in the majority of cases were combinations of cefoxitin+aminoglycoside. 5 patients with orbital cellulitis taking cefoxitin+aminoglycoside had to change the medication into vancomycin or clindamycin. 3 patients with orbital cellulitis underwent operation while 1 patient developed bacterial meningitis. Conclusion : According to invasion of orbit, ocular adnexal and orbital infections are quite different in their pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis. As atypical cases may confound the diagnosis, prompt orbital computerized tomography is required for an accurate diagnosis.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2008

Purpose : Orbital cellulitis is rare, but it could be from the serious complication of sinusitis in children. It is often difficult to distinguish periorbital cellulitis from orbital cellulitis. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical features of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in a pediatric population and to assess the predisposing factors and their complications. Methods : Forty-one patients aged 18 years and younger who were admitted between January 2000 and December 2006 to Hanil General Hospital and Kyunghee University Hospital with orbital or periorbital cellulitis. The retrospective analyses included clinical characteristics of orbital and periorbital cellulitis, dermographics, past history, predisposing factors, clinical presentations, treatments, and complications. Results : Among 41 patients, 34 patients had periorbital cellulitis, 7 patients had orbital cellulitis. While paranasal sinus disease was the most common predisposing cause in orbital cases, skin lesion, insect bite, dacrocystitis and conjunctivitis were the common causes in periorbital cases. In comparison with periorbital cases, orbital cases had higher level of white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. Blood cultures were taken in 23 patients, but only one had Staphylococcus aureus from blood. Only one case had surgical incision and drainage and recovered without complications. Conclusion : From the results of our data, when patient shows erythematous swelling of periorbital area with opthalmoplegia, chemosis and proptosis, orbital CT scan is required to make diagnosis of orbital cellulitis. Most cases of orbital cellulitis can be treated successfully without surgical intervention. If there is no clinical improvement, repeated CT scan and/or surgical intervention should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.293-304
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• 2005

As the eye irritant test of lens washing agent, ReNu$^{TM}$ was analysed using Draize methods (1959) according to KFDA Guidelines. In addition, to test the potential toxicity of test articles the ratio of inflammatory cells and non-inflammatory epitheloid cells were also observed using smear cytology methods against ocular discharge. At test, the histopathological changes on the cornea, iris, retina and sclera were also observed in all animals. Slight irritancy of the cornea and conjunctiva were observed at 1, 2 and 3 days after dropping in non-washing group. The Mean Index of Ocular Irritation(MIOI) of these points are detected as 4.17, 3.00 and 1.33, respectively. In washing group, slight irritancy of the cornea and conjunctiva were observed at 1 and 2 days after dropping with MIOI as 0.67 and 1.33, respectively. Therefore, ReNu$^{TM}$ was considered as non-irritating materials because the MIOI is detected below 5.00 throughout the whole experimental periods in both washing and non-washing groups. The Index of Acute Ocular Irritation(IAOI) is also detected as 4.17(1 day after dropping). Except of the somewhat increase trend of the inflammatory cell ratios in ocular discharge at 1 day after dropping of non-washing group, but significances are not detected, on the other hand, no meaningful changes on smear cytology of ocular discharges are observed in this study. In addition, no abnormal histopathological changes on the cornea, iris, retina and sclera were also not detected in ReNu$^{TM}$ dropping group compared to that of non-treated control eyes.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 2004

This study aims to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract used as a chemical and natural disinfectants on human conjunctival cells in vitro. The main component of grapefruit seed extract is a narigin. It is one of the flavonoid types in citrus fruits and f1avonoids are widely recognized as naturally occurring(삭제) antioxidants. Cytotoxicity was determined by mitochondrial activity(MTT assay) and DNA damage was analyzed by measuring Comet assay. In LDH assay, 5% of grapefruits seed extract has been observed as a material is giving recovery effect of damaged cultured conjuctival cells by hydrogen peroxide. And also, each of concentrations has been treated simultaneously with same amounts and cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide and grapefruit seed extract have been estimated by LDH leakage assay after 24 hours. In conclusion, H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis were Significantly prevented by grapefruit seed extract. It is a main component of bioflavonoids that we can simply take it as food. The present results suggest that grapefruit seed extract is a useful disinfectanct having antioxidant and antiapoptopic activity as a natural product.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2007

The eye irritant test of lens washing agent, CLIWELL$^{TM}$ was conducted using Draize methods according to KFDA Guidelines. In addition, to test the potential toxicity of test articles, the ratio of inflammatory cells and non-inflammatory epitheloid cells was also observed using smear cytology methods against ocular discharge. At sacrifice, the histopathological changes on Cornea, Iris, Retina and Sclera were also observed in all animals. Slight irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva was observed at 1, 2 and 3 days after dropping in non-washing group. The MIOI of these points are detected as 4.50, 1.67 and 0.67, respectively. In washing group, slight irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva were observed at 1 and 2 days after dropping with MIOI as 0.67, respectively. Therefore, CLIWELL$^{TM}$ was considered as non-irritating materials because the MIOI is detected below 5.00 throughout the whole experimental periods in both washing and non-washing groups and the IAOI was also detected as 4.50. Except for significant increase of the inflammatory cell ratios in ocular discharge at 1 day after dropping of non-washing group compared to that non-treated intact eyes, no meaningful changes on smear cytology of ocular discharges are observed in this study. In addition, no abnormal histopathological changes on the cornea, iris, retina and sclera were also detected in CLIWELL$^{TM}$ dropping group compared to that of non-treated intact eyes.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.267-276
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• 2017

Damages have occurred in various fields such as agriculture, industry, and citizen's health due to the yellow dust. Therefore, it is urgent to take measures against it. In this regard, this study collected data of yellow dust over 11 days on a basis of Feb. 23. 2015 when yellow dust was the greatest after 2009, issue words analysis and recomposed health related tweet data. After testing the significance of yellow dust related diseases by association rule analysis with diseases, it obtained the study results as follows: As a result of significance test for the patients with rhinitis, asthma and conjunctivitis by acquiring the condition data of patients from the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, conjunctivitis appeared to be significant in 13 cities for 16 cities at 5% significance probability, while asthma and rhinitis showed a significance in 3 and 6 areas. As described above, it is possible to obtain information about citizens' health from SNS data, such as Tweet data and it is judged that these data will provide useful information for establishing measures of citizens' health care.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-310
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• 2006

The eye irritant test of lens washing agent, $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ was conducted using Draize methods according to KFDA Guidelines 1999-61. In addition, to test the potential toxicity of test articles the ratio of inflammatory cells and non-inflammatory epitheloid cells were also observed using smear cytology methods against ocular discharge. At sacrifice, the histopathological changes on Cornea, Iris, Retina and Sclera were also observed in all animals. Slight (1~2 degrees) irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva were observed at 1, 2 and 3 days after dropping in non-washing group. The MIOI of these points are detected as 4.33, 3.33 and 2.00, respectively. In washing group, slight irritancy of cornea and conjunctiva were restricted to 1 and 2 days after dropping with MIOI as 3.00 and 1.33, respectively. Therefore, $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ was also considered as non-irritating materials because the MIOI is detected below 5.00 throughout the whole experimental periods in both washing and non-washing groups and the IAOI is also detected as 4.33 (1 day after dropping). No meaningful changes on smear cytology of ocular discharges are observed in this study compared to that of non-treated intact eyes. In addition, no abnormal histopathological changes on the cornea, iris, retina and sclera were also detected in $SOLOCARE^{TM}$ dropping group compared to that of non-treated intact eyes.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

The worm of Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910 (The oriental eye worm) was frequently observed in the eyes of animal and human in Korea. But it did not clearly describe about the ultrastructural character on the sensory papillae and cuticular striation of the worm. This study was performed to investigate the ultrastructure and character on the cuticular surface of the worm that was extracted from the eyes of two patients in Korea University Medical Center, using the scanning electron microscopy. According to the mouth, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and tail portion of the worm, the size of cuticular striation on each portion was measured. The size of cuticular striation on the worm surface was $1.8{\mu}m$ in the mouth and tail portion, $4.0{\sim}4.5{\mu}m$ in the middle portion of the worm. On the scanning electron microscopy, the female worms were developed phasmids in the tail end and male worms were developed sensory papillae and external sexual organ on the tail end. The sensory papillae on the tail end were composed anterior ventral postcloacal papillae, middle ventral postcloacal papillae, subventral postcloacal papillae, and lateral papillae. According to the result in this study, it is considered that the character of the cuticular striation and the sensory papillae were able to accept as classifying key for the identification of species.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2002

Isolation and identification of causative microorganisms and susceptibility testing are important in selecting appropriate antimicrobial agent. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and identification of bacteria for the selection of a therapeutic antibiotic agent for treatment. Specimens were cultured aerobically from dog patients brought to the veterinary medical teaching hospital of Seoul National University between July 1999 and September 2000. A total of 157 isolates were from skin(63), urine(45), ear canal(31) and conjunctiva(18). The result is that the most common organisms isolated from dog patients were S. intermedius was the most common isolates from the skin, ear canal, and conjunctiva. E. coli was the most common isolated from urine. Most of gram-positive isolates were resistant to ampicillin(80.6%), erythromycin(68.8%), penicillin(86.2%), tetracycline(89.2%). Otherwise most of gam-negative isolates were resistant to ampicillin(73.4%), trimethoprim-sulfa(53.3%). E. coli was resistant to ciprofloxacin(61.5%), piperacillin (69.2%). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern by the sampling site was not remarkably different except 5. aureus isolated from urine.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2008

Purpose: To understand symptoms and signs in soft contact lens wearers the authors evaluate the attribution of the tear test to the contact lens related symptoms and signs. Methods: Sixty-two healthy soft contact lens wearers (23.95${\pm}$4.38 years old, 18.60${\pm}$16.92 months of prior lens wear) were participated in this study. 3 kinds of tear test and McMonnies' questionnaire test were performed for the soft contact lens wearers and subjective symptoms and objective signs were graded using CCLRU scales during the study period. Results: In this surveys, we found ocular dryness, redness and tiredness are the most common frequent and severe symptoms in soft contact lens wearers. Frequency of the ocular dryness, redness and tiredness are associated with grittiness, burning sensation and foreign body sensation respectively, and severity of the photophobia, foreign body sensation are associated with unstable vision and grittiness and which are associated with score of McMonnies' Questionnaire. Conjunctival redness and limbal redness are major signs but those are not need to be clinical care and rarely occurred corneal and conjunctival staining which are associated with tear break-up-time statistically. Conclusions: Dryness, redness and tiredness are primary common symptoms in Korean soft contact lens wearers. The frequency of those symptoms are increased with the period of soft contact lens wear and those are associated with other symptoms but have no relationship with signs.