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Effects of weir on the change of sediments (하천의 보가 퇴적물에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Yong-Chul;Kim, Kyung-Hee;Woo, Hyo-Seop;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.1083-1087
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    • 2006
  • 과거 50 년 동안 국내 보 설치 수는 매년 증가하여 왔으나, 그 증가비율은 근래 들어 감소하는 추세로, 이는 보 보다는 용수공급능력이 큰 양수장, 저수지 등 타 시설물에 의존하는 것으로 판단 할 수 있다. 더욱이 인구의 도시 집중화에 따른 농경지의 도시화, 경작 방식의 변화에 의한 비닐하우스 단지로의 변화, 시설의 노후화 등으로 매년 $50{\sim}150$개 정도의 보가 폐기되고 있다. 그러나 이렇게 폐기되는 보는 하천에 그대로 존치되어 하천생태통로의 단절, 수질악화, 수변 서식처 악화 등의 문제를 지속적으로 야기 시키고 있다. 실험은 문산천 검전보, 안양천 안양대교보, 기철거된 경안천 무명보에서 자연시료를 채취하여 실행 하였다. 문산천 검전보는 하천환경이 안정되고 양호한 대조구간으로 선정하였다. 안양 대교보는 도심화로 인하여 원기능을 상실하였으며 수차례에 걸친 개수가 이루어졌고 수년전까지만 해도 러브보로 인한 수질정화장치가 있었으나 효능이 약화되어 철거할 계획을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 경안천 무명보는 현재는 완전 철거된 상태이다. 경안천 무명보는 기 철거된 보의 대조구간으 로 선정하였다. 보 상류의 수질 오염도가 높은 것은 정체구역에 의한 용존산소 부족과 오염저니에 의한 것으로 판단되므로, 각각의 대상보의 퇴적물 오염도를 조사하였다. 각각의 조사 지점은 검전보의 경우, 만장교를 최상류 지점으로, 검전보 상/하류, 광탄교를 최하류 지점으로 선정하여, 총 4 지점에서 채취했으며, 안양대교보의 경우 최상류지점, 보 상/하류 지점으로 총 3지점, 무명보의 경우 보 상/하류로 총 2 지점에서 채취했으며, 실험은 $\ulcorner$Soil Method$\lrcorner$에 준하여, 각각 입도분포, 함수율, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 등을 시행하였다. 문산천 검전보 퇴적물 오염도 조사 결과, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 각각 하류에 비해 상류가 30.76%, 16.69%, 73.13%, 18.91% 더 높게 나타났다. 안양대교보 퇴적물 조사 결과, 검전보와 마찬가지로, 강열감량, COD, T-N, T-P 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 33.33%, 9.23%, 24.78%, 18.56% 높게 나타났다. 기 철거된 무명보의 경우, 무명보 상류, 무명보 하류 2개 지점을 채취하였으며, 강열감량, COD, T-N 항목에서 보 상류가 보 하류에 비해 18.75%, 412.6%, 25.75% 높게 나타났다. 퇴적물 조사 결과, 강열감량, COD, T-N 항목에서 검전보, 안양대교보, 무명보 모두 보 상류의 오염도가 높게 나타났으며, 무명보를 제외한 검전보, 안양대교보는 T-P 항목에서도 보 상류의 오염도가 높게 나타나, 보 상류의 퇴적물 오염농도가 심화된 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 기철거된 무명보의 경우, 강열감량, COD, T-N, 항목에서 보 상류가 높게 나타났으나, 철거되지 않은 검전보나 안양대교보에 비해 그 차이가 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

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A Study on Usefulness of Static Retinoscopy in Eyes Opened for Hyperopic School-aged Children (양안개방상태에서 학령기 원시안 아동의 정적 검영법의 유용성 고찰)

  • Chun, Young-Yun;Park, Seong-Jong;Song, Woo-Jin;Lee, Seok-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: We compared static retinoscopy in eyes opened with cycloplegic refraction depending on the hyperopia for school-aged children. Methods: There were 59 eyes (30 patients) who were divided into 3 groups - the mild hyperopia (+0.25 D ~ +1.00 D), moderate hyperopia (+1.25 D ~ +2.00 D) and high hyperopia (+2.25 D or more). They all had 0.8 visual acuity or more. Autorefraction and retinoscopy were performed prior to cycloplegic refraction, and then copmared with manifest refraction and cycloplegic refraction. Results: Hyperopia measured with static retinoscopy tends to be measured higher than manifest refraction for school-aged children. Changes of spherical power was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Changes of astigmatism was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The difference between cycloplegic refraction and static retinoscopy was not significant for hyperopic school-aged children. The use of retinoscopy was limited for opticians because of legal constraints. The usage of static retinoscopy in eyes opened for optician should be generalized under the conditions not using the cycloplegic.

Contamination Investigation and Risk Characterization on the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon of Agricultural Products Used for Food and Medicine (식·약공용 농·임산물의 다환방향족탄화수소 오염도 조사 및 위해도 결정)

  • Park, Young-Ae;Ko, Suk-Kyung;Jo, Sung-Ae;Jung, Sam-Ju;Choi, Eun-Jung;Hong, Sung-Cho;Cho, Seok-Ju;Jung, Ji-Hun;Park, Ju-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.170-180
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    • 2022
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) contents were analyzed by measuring benz(a)anthracene(BaA), chrysene(Chr), benzo(b)fluoranthene(BbF) and benzo(a)pyrene(BaP), and the related risk characterization was conducted for 113 samples out of 14 different agricultural products used for food and medicine. Detection rate of PAHs was 90.3% as a whole, and the highest one was 80.5% for BaP. The detection rate of BaP exceeding the maximum permitted concentration of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata and Rehmanniae Radix, 5.0 ㎍/kg was 1.8%, and the detection rates of BaA, Chr and BbF were within the range of 2.7~10.6%. The highest average concentration of BaA was 3.41 ㎍/kg detected from Lycii Fructus, while those of Chr, BbF, BaP and PAH4(sum of detected BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP) were 5.00, 1.79, 2.36, 12.36 ㎍/kg, respectively, detected from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. As for the risk characterization on PAHs, the overall MOE(Margin of Exposure) values were measured within the range of 105~107, which is unlikely to cause direct health concerns, but the worring values of MOE were measured 6.57×104 for BaP and 6.10×104 for PAH4 from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, which may require an improvement plan to reduce BaP contents.

Analysis of Multi-class Mycotoxins and Risk Assessment in Edible and Medicinal Plants by LC-MS/MS (질량분석기를 이용한 약령시장 내 유통 식물성 식품원료의 곰팡이독소 분석 및 위해성 평가)

  • Choi, Eun jung;Ko, Suk kyung;Jo, Sung ae;Park, Young ae;Jung, Sam ju;Hong, Sung cho;Cho, Seok ju;Jung, Ji hyun;Park, Ju sung
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.53 no.3
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    • pp.162-169
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, fumonisin B1, B2, ochratoxin A and zearalenone) contained in edible and medicinal plants in Seoul Yangnyeong market during 2020-2021. We analyzed contamination of mycotoxins using LC-MS/MS and evaluated risk assessment. The method was validated by assessing matrix effects, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification(LOQ) and recovery. Matrix-matched standard calibration was used for calibration curves showed good linearity (r2>0.999). The LOD, LOQ and recovery were 0.01-0.23 ㎍/kg, 0.04-0.71 ㎍/kg and 75.5-117.9% respectively. Mycotoxins were detected in 22 of 171 samples; aflatoxin B1 (6.66 ㎍/kg), fumonisin (7.54-64.68 ㎍/kg), ochratoxin A (4.21-10.56 ㎍/kg) and zearalenone (7.31-60.76 ㎍/kg). In the risk assessment, the MOE (Margine of Exposure) of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A were in the range of 1.48×103-2.36×105. No items exceeded 100% in %TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) of fumonisin (B1+B2) and zearalenone.

A Study on the Safety of Residual Pesticides in Cereal Grains and Pulses Agricultural Products Excluding Rice (잡곡 농산물의 잔류농약 안전성 조사)

  • Han, Na-Eun;Kim, Jae-Gwan;Yun, Hee-Jeong;Kang, Min-Seong;Cho, Young-Seon;Song, Ji-Won;Kim, Byeong-Tae;Lee, Seong-Nam;Choi, Ok-Kyung
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2022
  • In this study, the pesticide residues in 106 commercial cereal grains were monitored from February to July 2021. For the investigation, 40 domestic and 66 imported products from large, small-to-medium sized offline and online distribution channels, were collected and analyzed by using the multiresidue method for 341 pesticides on GC/ECD, GC/NPD, GC/MSMS, UPLC/PDA, HPLC/FLD, LC/MSMS. Pesticides were detected in total of 8 samples (7.5%), of which one was from big box retailers, two from small and medium-sized distribution stores, and five from online shopping mall. Five (4.7%) samples were found to have pesticide residues greater than the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The detected pesticides in kidney beans (1 case), mung beans (6 cases), and sorghum (1 case), were MGK-264, chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, malathion, piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl. Specifically, an excessive amount of thiamethoxam was found from the imported mung bean (5 cases).

Investigation of Various Pesticide Residues in Commercial Bee Pollen Products Sold in South Korea (한국에서 유통되는 화분식품의 잔류농약 함량 분석)

  • Byeong-Tae Kim;Jae-Gwan Kim;Mi-Hui Son;Young-Sun Cho;Na-Eun Han;Jong-Cheol Choi;Seong-Nam Lee;Myoung-Ki Park;Yong-Bae Park
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.202-210
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    • 2023
  • To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

Study on Quality Changes Caused by Rancidity and Methods to Reduce Rancidity for Domestically Distributed Herbal Medicines (유통 한약재의 산패에 따른 품질변화 및 산패 저감화 연구)

  • Young-Ae Park;Suk-Kyung Ko;Hyun-Kyung Lee;Eun-Jung Choi;Sung-Cho Hong;Yun-Seon Park;Ji-Hun Jung;Ju-Sung Park;Yong-Seung Shin
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2023
  • Rancidity changes were examined for 6 herbal medicines, namely Persicae Semen, Armeniacae Semen, Lini Semen, Trichosanthis Semen, Arecae Semen, Myristicae Semen known to have relatively high fat content. In order to reduce rancidity of herbal medicines, samples were stored at 3 different conditions of room, refrigerating and freezing temperatures, and the rancidity was measured for 10 months with every 2 month interval. Fat content was extracted by using ethyl ether, and acid values and peroxide values, which are generally accepted indicators of fat rancidity, were measured. When storing Persicae Semen, Lini Semen and Arecae Semen at room temperature, the acid values increased as the storage period increased, and it was higher than when stored in refrigeration or freezing. The measurement of peroxide value showed more significantly higher initial degree of rancidity when Persicae Semen, Trichosanthis Semen, Arecae Semen and Myristicae Semen were stored at room temperature. It was observed that storing herbal medicines in refrigeration or freezing inhibited their rancidity compared to storing them at room temperature. To investigate the quality changes according to rancidity, the analysis of aflatoxins and indicator components showed that aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in Armeniacae Semen, Arecae Semen and Myristicae Semen, and the amount of amygdalin was well maintained within the specification standard.

Design of a Charge-Coupled Device without Vertical Black Stripes (세로 검은 줄무늬가 없는 전하 결합 소자의 설계)

  • Park, Yong;Lee, Young-Hee
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.4 no.4
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    • pp.1100-1105
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    • 1997
  • The verial black stripe is one of the defects in a chrge-coupled device(CCD). Vertical black stripes are caused by some signal chrges which fail to transport form the vertical CCD region to the horizontal one. The defective transport of signal charges orignates in the potential barrier with the narrow width effects in the verti-cal-horizintal interface stuccture. The vertical black stripes show up when the charge transfer dfficiency is less than 99.2% under the low illumination condition. In this research, we designed and developed a new vertical-horizontal interface structre of a delta type, thus marking it possible to eliminate the vertical black stripes.

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Calibration and Validation System for Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite (영상레이더 위성을 위한 검보정 시스템)

  • Shin, Jae-Min;Jeong, Ho-Ryung;Lee, Kwang-Jae
    • Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.98-104
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    • 2010
  • The demand for Satellite Images is continuously increasing owing to the various applications of optical satellite images. However, the acquisition of optical images has a limitation due to problems of weather and day & night. because an optical satellite makes images with reflections of sunlight. Therefore, SAR Satellite, which uses electromagnetic waves to make an image, gives increased demand to various applications. It also makes increased interest. In this paper, a calibration and validation system, which is an essential element for high quality Radar images, is studied.

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Calibration and verification of hydraulic model for Saemanguem project (새만금 수리모형 검.보정)

  • Kim, Ji-Sung;Kim, Dong-Ju;Jung, Jae-Sang;Cho, Kwon-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.659-664
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    • 2012
  • 2010년 내부공간구상이 변화됨에 따라 토지이용과 새만금호 수면적이 변하여 수리현상에 대한 규명이 필요하여 수리모형을 구축하고 상류유량공급, 모형조도, 배수갑문 통과유량, 조석재현에 대한 검보정 실험을 실시하였다. 상류유량공급에 검정 실험결과를 보면 유입유량 제어계측시스템을 통해서 유입되는 유량은 평균적으로 목표유량의 ${\pm}5%$ 범위 내에서 오차를 두고 목표유량의 추세를 따라가고 있다(그림 1). 그리고 유입유량이 $3{\ell}/s$ 미만일 경우와 변곡구간에서 비교적 오차가 크게 난다. 하지만 실험기간동안 누적유량값의 오차는 5% 미만이기 때문에 실험 결과에 미치는 영향은 크지 않다고 판단된다. 조석재현 검정실험을 한 결과는 목표값과 측정값의 큰 차이가 없다. 실험초기에는 목표값과 측정값의 차이가 크게 나타나지만 실험 5분 이후부터는 최대 EL. 0.2m가 차이가 났는데, 조위가 변곡되는 구간에서 나타났다. 실제 실험에서 조위값은 배수갑문의 운영과 관련되어 변곡구간의 조위값보다 상승 하강구간의 조위값(EL. -1.5m~EL. 0.5m)이 실험에 영향을 미치기 때문에 조석발생위어의 조석 재현성은 정밀하다고 판단된다. 모형조도보정 실험은 수치해석 결과와 수리모형실험을 비교하여 실험을 실시하여 해석식과 실험결과값을 근거로 한 조도재료량을 계산하고 이를 배치하여 검보정 실험을 실시하여 조도를 보정하였다. 배수갑문의 통과유량은 현장 관측자료가 부족하여 검 보정이 어려움이 존재한다. 따라서 이에 대한 추후 연구가 필요하다.

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