• Title/Summary/Keyword: 건조 밀도

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Effects of Pretreatment and Drying Methods on Quality and Antioxidant Activities of Dried Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba) Fruit (전처리 조건 및 건조방법에 따른 건조대추의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Kim, Jae-Won;Lee, Shin-Ho;No, Hong-Kyoon;Hong, Joo-Heon;Park, Chang-Su;Youn, Kwang-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.8
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    • pp.1242-1248
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    • 2013
  • This study was performed to determine the effects of pretreatment (NT: non-treatment, BTS: boiling treatment with 3% sodium chloride, DTG: dipping treatment in glycerol) and drying methods (sun drying, hot air drying, and cold air drying) on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of dried jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) fruits. Our results show that moisture content is lower (P<0.05) with DTG, and that moisture content is lower with hot air drying compared to other drying methods. The bulk density was highest with BTS. The soluble solids content was highest with DTG. Additionally, the soluble solids content were highest in the following order: hot air drying> cold air drying> sun drying. The titratable acidity of hot air drying was highest of all the drying methods. The titratable acidity was higher with NT and DTG, and the brix and acid ratio of sun drying was higher than other drying methods. Among the drying methods, BTS showed the best browning-retarding effect, whereas boiling treatment affected quality and color. The total polyphenol content from hot air drying and NT or DTG treatment was relatively higher than the content from BTS. The flavonoid content was highest with BTS, and all dried jujube showed relatively high antioxidant activities. The sensory evaluation results indicated that the organoleptic scores for overall preference were higher in the NT and DTG treatment groups. These results suggest that pretreatment and drying methods affect the quality of dried jujube fruit, and show that glycerol treatment with hot air drying can be applied to the production of high quality dried jujube.

Acrylamide Polymerization on Ceramic Powders(II) : Effect of MeOH on Si$_3$N$_4$ Gelcasting (세라믹분체 표면에서 아크릴아마이드 중합(제2보) : MeOH가 질화규소 겔캐스팅에 미치는 영향)

  • 류병환;김은영;이재도
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.220-224
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    • 1999
  • For the process control of silicon nitride gelcasting, the effect of MeOH on the apparent gel induction time of slip, drying rate, and mechanical property of gelcast body were investigated. The apparent gel induction time showed maximum at 10~20 vol% MeOH and the drying rate of gelcast body increased in the ranged of 25~40%. The gelcast body was still machinable in the 40% of MeOH, though the mechanical property and relative density slightly decreased with increasing the amount of MeOH.

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Process Development for Synthesis of Ultra-low Dielectric SiO2 Aerogel Thin by Freeze Drying (동결건조에 의한 극저유전성 실리카 에어로겔 박막 합성공정 개발)

  • 현상훈;김태영
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.307-318
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    • 1999
  • 동결건조법에 의한 저유전성 실리카 박막의 제조공정 개발 및 층간 절연물질로의 응용성이 연구되었다. 코팅용 폴리머 실리카 졸은 TEOS와 이소프로판올(iso-propanol:IPA)또는 터트부탄올(tert-butanol:TBA)을 용매로한 2단계 공정에 의하여 제조되었으며, 이들 졸을 p-Si(111)웨이퍼 상에 스핀코팅한 습윤겔 박막을 동결건조 하여 다공성 실리카 박막을 제조하였다. 균일한 박막 코팅층을 얻을 수 있는 실리카 졸의 최적 점도범위는 IPA와 TBA를 용매로 한 실리카 졸의 경우 각각 10~14 cP와 20~30cP 정도였으며 스핀속도는 2000 rpm 이상이었다. 결함이 없는 다공성 실리카 박막은 TBA(빙점 $25^{\circ}C$)를 동결용매로 하여-196$^{\circ}C$까지 급랭시킨 후 $0^{\circ}C$와 0.1 torr 까지 가열 감압한 상태에서 고상의 TBAFMF 모두 제거한 다음 20$0^{\circ}C$까지 열처리하여 제조되었다. 다공성 실리카 박막의 두께는 졸의 타입과 스핀코팅 속도에 의해 2500~15000$\AA$범위 내에서 제어가 가능하였으며 이들 막의 밀도와 유전상 수 값은 각각 0.9$\pm$0.3g/㎤(기공율 60$\pm$10%)과 2.4 정도였다.

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Effects of the ratio of raw materials on the quality and taste of soy sauce - (1) Studies on the changes of Enzymatic activities and chemical components during Koji Preparation with various ratio of raw materials - (원료배합(原料配合)이 간장의 품질(品質)과 풍미(風味)에 미치는 영향(影響) - 제1보(第一報) 원료배합(原料配合)을 달리한 고일(一)지제조중(製造中)의 효소역가(酵素力價)및 성분변화(成分變化)에 관(關)한 실험(實驗) -)

  • Kim, Yong-Hwi;Kim, Jae-Uk
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.4
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 1963
  • Changes of Enzymatic activities and chemical components during Koji preparation of soy sauce with various ratio of soy bean and wheat were studied as first step for checking the current ratio of raw materials for improved soy sauce and determination of proper ratio of them in the respect to its quality and taste, and following results could be obtained. 1. The Protease in the dryed Koji were mainly conmposed of a part which active at the neutral (about pH 6.0) range, while parts which active at acid and alkaline side were inferior. The more amount of wheat increases as raw materials of Koji, the stronger Protease activities of acid and neural side were, while the weaker alkaline side were. 2. Activity of Enzymes were increased rapidly in earlier stage then gradually in later stage or Protease and ${\beta}-Amylase$ rapidly throughout except drying of ${\beta}-Amylase$ during the course of Koji preparation. The more amount of wheat as raw material increases, the stronger Protease and ${\beta}-Amylase$ activity except. ${\beta}-Amylase$ were. 3. Reducing sugar, amino nitrogen, total nitrogen were increased, while total sugar were decreased during the course of Koji preparation. 4. The more amount of wheat increases as raw materials, the more increase reducing sugar, total sugar were, while the total nitrogen were decreased, no noticeable differences were observed in the amino nitrogen among the dryed Kojies.

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A Study on the Interpolation Methods for the Laboratory Compaction Test Results (흙의 실내(室內)다짐시험결과(試驗結果)에 대한 해석적(解析的)인 산정(算定)에 관한 연구(研究))

  • Lee, Ho Choon
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.169-175
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    • 1992
  • The Maximum Dry Density (${\gamma}_{dmax}$) and the Optimum Moisture Content (${\omega}_{opt}$) of the soil samples are determined from the compaction curve plotted with the laboratory compaction test results. But in this study three reported tests, and tests on the silty clay and the sandy silt samples are reviewed through the interpolation methods using an equation of the Moisture-Density relations induced from Lagrange's Interpolation Formula without drawing the compaction curves. As the results of the study ${\gamma}_{dmax}$ and ${\omega}_{opt}$, were calculated rapidly and simply using the equation and approached to the results from the compaction curves, and also due to the differences of the ${\gamma}_{dmax}$ and ${\omega}_{opt}$, calculated from the equation between the compaction curves were within $0.01g/cm^3$(0.5%) and 0.4% respectively the method in this study be recommended as a simple method determining ${\gamma}_{dmax}$ and ${\omega}_{opt}$, during the laboratory compaction tests.

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The Shear Strength Characteristics of Weathered Granite Soil in Unsaturated State (불포화(不飽和) 화강암질풍화토(花崗岩質風化土)의 전단강도(剪斷强度) 특성(特性))

  • Cho, Seong Seup;Kang, Yea Mook;Chee, In Taeg
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.86-100
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    • 1985
  • In order to investigate the strength characteristics of weathered granite soils in unsaturated state, the five physically different weathered granite soils and the common soil (sandy loam) were examined. The disturbed and the undisturbed material were prepared for triaxial compression test. The following conclusions were drawn from the study; 1. Dry density of the undisturbed soil samples was lower than maximum dry density determined from the compaction test and it showed the higher value at the well graded soil. 2. The failure strength of the samples decreased with the increase of moisture content of the soil and these results were highly pronounced at the common soil sample having a good cohesive property. 3. On weathered granite soils, the cohesion was lower measured and the internal friction angle highly, the decrease rate at internal friction angle with increase of moisture content of the soil was more significant than that of cohesion 4. The modulus of deformation of the samples decreased with increase of moisture content of the soil and these phenomena were highly pronounced at the weathered granite soils than common soil. 5. The failure strength of the samples increased with in crease of confining pressure and effect of confining pressure on failure strength was highly significant at the lower moisture content of the soil.

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A Study on the Stress-Strain Prediction of Silty Clay (점성토(粘性土)의 응력(應力) - 변형(變形) 추정(推定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Cho, Seong Seup;Kang, Yea Mook;Chung, Seong Gyu;Yun, Hyun Chung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.65-78
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    • 1992
  • The paper describes the comparison between observed and predicted stress-strain characteristics of marine silty clay in Dangjin district. For prediction, the hyperbolic model which is applied the parameters acquiring by physical and triaxial compression test was adopted, and the obtained results were summarized as follows: 1. The Young's modulus were increased with decreasing of moisture contents and increasing of dry density. 2. The most affective factor to hyperbolic model is lateral stress and dry density. and than cohesion and internal friction angle. 3. The comparision between the statistical and hyperbolic values of maximum deviator stress have few accordance. and the statisticals is lower than the hyperbolics. 4. Without. much labor and tiresome procedures, effective computer program was made and applied, but technical procedure for prevents test errors of parameter calculation is importants.

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Preparation of porous silica gel powders from sodium silicates

  • 장감용;전영관;임광일;이광희
    • Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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    • 1996.06b
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    • pp.29-53
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    • 1996
  • 다공성 실리카 게 분말은 저밀도, 고비표면적의 특성을 가지며 물리적, 화학적 성질이 우수하여 필름의 점착방지제, 페인트의 소광제, 맥주의 흡착제, 촉매의 담지체등 산업전반에 걸쳐 여러용도로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 다공성 실리카 겔 분말은 고상법, 기상법, 액상법등으로 제조할 수 있으며, 이 중에서 sodium silicate를 원료로 하는 액상공정은 다공성의 제어가 용이하고, 공정이 간단하며, 고순도의 균질한 실리카를 얻을 수 있는 방법으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 액상법(sol-gel method)를 사용하여 점착방지제, 소광제 등으로 사용되는 다공성 실리카 겔 미분말의 개발에 초점을 두어 연구하였다. 그리고, 겔 분말의 다공성 제어를 위하여 공정 각 단계에서의 겔 내부의 구조의 변화에 대한 연구와 함께 수화겔의 숙성이 기공특성에 미치는 영향, 건조조건의 기공특성에 대한 영향 등을 살펴보았다. 다공성 실리카 겔 미분말은 다음과 같은 공정에 의해 제조되었다. sodium silicate를 황산과 반응시켜 겔화하고 추가의 황산을 투입하여 미반응분의 Na를 제거한 후 pH 7이상의 알카리 영역에서 숙성하여 다공성을 지닌 실리카 수화겔을 제조하였다. 수화겔의 탈수, 세척, 건조 공정을 거쳐 건조겔을 제조하고, 1-20$\mu\textrm{m}$의 크기로 분쇄하여 최종 제품을 얻을 수 있었다. 최종 다공성 실리카 겔 분말은 비표면적 200-700$m^2$/g, 기공부피 0.5-2.5cc/g, 평균 입경 3-5$\mu\textrm{m}$, 백색도 95% 이상의 물성을 보였다. sodium silicate와 황산의 겔화 반응에 의해 생성된 수화겔은 수 nm크기의 일차입자들의 연속적인 network로이루어져 있으며, 일차입자크기가 너무 작기 때문에 내부의 기공들은 별로 존재하지 않는 상태이다. 2차 주가황산 투입에 의해 미반응의 알카리 이온들을 중화, 제거시킬 수 있으며, 겔의 다공성을 좌우하는 숙성단계에서 숙성 pH, 온도, 시간등의 인자에 의해 수화겔의 기공특성을 제어할 수 있다. pH 7이상에서 실리카의 용해도가 크고, 용해도의 입자크기 의존성이 크므로, 일자입자는 Ostwald-ripening에 의해 계속 성장할 수 있으며, 이때, 입자의 성장은 숙성 온도와 시간에 의존한다. 탈수, 세척공정에 의해 가용성 염인 Na2SO4를 제거하고, 건조조건을 변화시킴으로써 기공부피를 증가시키는 것이 가능하였으며, Fast drying을 사용하여 점착방지제에 적합한 기공부피를 갖는 실리카 건조겔을 제조할 수 있었다.

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Variations of Density and Strength for Reinforced Soil Mixture by Long-Tern Dry Shrinkage (장기적 건조수축에 의한 보강혼합토의 밀도 및 강도 변화)

  • 이상호;차현주;장병욱;박영곤
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 1999.10c
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    • pp.239-244
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    • 1999
  • In this study , the variation of dry density and unconfined compressive strength were investigated, calcium carbonate, quicklime, portland cement, 19mm monofilaments and fibrilllated fibers were used as reinforcement materials. And calcium chloride was added to cement and calcium carbonate reinforced soil mixture in order to accelerate setting and hardening speed. It appears that dry density is highest in calcium carbonate reinforced soil mixture with 9% of mixing rae. According to increasing the amount of fibers, in soil mixture , the dry density decreased. The more the amount of monofilament fibers is the higher the compressive strength. But the compressive strength is decreased in fibrrillated fiber added soil mixture with more than 1.0% of mixing rate.

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The Study on the Fabrication Process and the Electromagnetic Properties of YIG ferrites for Isolator (아이솔레이터용 YIG 페라이트의 제조공정 및 전자기적 특성)

  • 양승진;윤종남;김정식
    • Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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    • 2002.05a
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    • pp.148-151
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    • 2002
  • 본 연구에서는 Ca, In, V, Al을 첨가 원소로 사용한 YIG 페라이트 분말을 분무건조기로 준구형 과립으로 만들어 일반적인 세라믹 제조 공정 방법으로 다결정 테를 제조하였고, 소결온도와 첨가원소의 조성비에 따른 YIG 페라이트의 기본물성과 전자기적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 제조된 YIG 페라이트에 대한 기본 물성과 자기 특성을 밀도측정기, XRD, SEM, VSM, Network Analyzer 등을 이용하여 측정 분석하였다. $Y_{2.1}$C $a_{0.9}$F $e_{4.4}$ $V_{0.5}$I $n_{0.05}$A $l_{0.05}$ $O_{12}$ 조성의 YIG 페라이트에 대한 전자기적 특성 측정 결과 13$50^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 YIG 페라이트에서 우수한 삽입손실 값과 Isolation 값을 나타내였으며 이론밀도의 92%의 높은 밀도값을 가지며 높은 포화자화(4$\pi$Ms) 값을 지닌 우수한 전자기적 특성을 나타내었다.내었다.내었다.

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