• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.36-49
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• 2016

A subway system is one of the major transportation modes at a metropolitan area. When it meets the other lines, the metro station, so-called transferring station, is usually threatened by severe pedestrian congestion and safety issue of transit users including the transportation vulnerable. Although transportation planners forecast travel demand at the beginning, it is not easy to predict pedestrian flows precisely for a long term if land use plans have dramatically changed. Due to expensive costs, structural extension of metro stations is limited. Therefore, it requires efficient and technical improvements as meeting the demand of pedestrian and physical characteristics. In this study, the core mechanism of pedestrian movement-based simulation model was introduced and evacuation scenarios were analyzed with the developed model. As a result, the multiple optimal routes for unexpected events at the solid space of the multiple stories are easily searched through the simulator and in the case of Sadang Station, travel time can be reduced by 60% when the evacuation information and intuitive design are provided.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2018

It is reported that about 20 % of all fires in Korea are caused by the electric equipment and installations. In complex and large-scale buildings, the sizes of electric fires are becoming larger as property damage and casualties increase. Among the causes of various electric fires, fire by short circuit accounts for about 71.5% of overall fires, and in the classification by electric equipment and installation, fire caused by wiring and wiring equipment accounts for approximately 38.3% of overall fires. The purpose of this study is to propose methods to prevent electric fires due to short circuit by improving indoor wiring currently in use and to find the fundamental measures to prevent wiring equipment caused fires by improving the socket and plug which are commonly used in wiring equipment. It is expected that the electric fire prevention measures presented through this study can be used as a measure to protect many people and properties by eliminating the root cause of electric fire.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Construction Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2019

$21^{st}$ century is digitally civilized era. Technologies such as AI, Iot, Big Data, Mobile and etc makes this era digitally advanced. These advancement of the technology greatly impacted detection range of the radar. Human's eye sight can see about 20Km and hear 20 ~ 20000 Hz. These limitations can be overcome using radar. This radar technology is used in military, aircraft, ship, vehicle and etc. to replace human eye. However, radar technology is capable of making False Alarm Rate. This document will propose the fix of these problems. Radar's distortion includes beam refraction, diffraction and reflection. These inaccurate data result in deterioration of human judgements and my cause various casualties and damages. Radar goes through annual testing to test how many false alarm is being produced. Normal radar usually makes 10 to 20 False alarms. In emergency situation, if operator were to follow this false alarm, this might result in following false object or take 12 more seconds to follow the right object. This problem can be overcome by using different radar data from different places and angles. This helps reduces False Alarm rate and track the object twice as fast.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2019

A plant layout problem has a large impact on the overall construction cost of a plant. When determining a plant layout, various constraints associating with safety, environment, sufficient maintenance area, passages for workers, etc have to be considered together. In general plant layout problems, the main goal is to minimize the length of piping connecting equipments as satisfying various constraints. Since the process may suffer from the heat and friction loss, the piping length between equipments should be shorter. This problem can be represented by the mathematical formulation and the optimal solutions can be investigated by an optimization solver. General researches have overlooked many constraints such as maintenance spaces and safety distances between equipments. And, previous researches have tested benchmark processes. What the lack of general researches is that there is no realistic comparison. In this study, the plant layout of a real industrial C3MR (Propane precooling Mixed Refrigerant) process is studied. A MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) including various constraints is developed. To avoid the violation of constraints, penalty functions are introduced. However, conventional optimization solvers handling the derivatives of an objective functions can not solve this problem due to the complexities of equations. Therefore, the PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), which investigate an optimal solutions without differential equations, is selected to solve this problem. The results show that a proposed method contributes to saving the capital expenditures.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

In recent years, the risk of external flooding of major national facilities has increased significantly since 2000 due to the increase in local heavy rainfall events. For important domestic national facilities, it is necessary to analyze the risk of external flooding as flooding in major sites due to heavy rain can cause functional paralysis in major facilities and ultimately lead to massive trouble events. In order to manage the safety of main facilities and its related facilities at a high level, it is necessary to analyze the degree of disaster such as flood depth, flood flow rate, flood time and flood intensity when extreme floods (LIP) are introduced. In addition, the degree of vulnerability of these related facilities should be assessed and risk assessments should be reassessed through linkage analysis that combines the degree of disaster and vulnerability. By calculating a new flood hazard curve for the flood depth and flood intensity in major national facilities under the heavy rainfall conditions through this study, it is expected to be a basis for the waterproof design of important SOC facilities, flood prevention function design, advancement of flood prevention measures and procedures and evaluation of flood mitigation functions.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.34-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was two-fold; first, to develop safety performance functions (SPF) using transportation-related big data for all types of roads in Korea were developed, Second, to provide basic information to develop measures for relatively dangerous roads by evaluating the safety grade for various roads based on it. The coordinates of traffic accident data are used to match roads across the country based on the national standard node and link system. As independent variables, this study effort uses link length, the number of traffic volume data from ViewT established by the Korea Transport Research Institute, and the number of dangerous driving behaviors based on the digital tachograph system installed on commercial vehicles. Based on the methodology and result of analysis used in this study, it is expected that the transportation safety improvement projects can be properly selected, and the effects can be clearly monitored and quantified.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2019

Approximately 80% of the mines are vacated or abandoned mines and are mostly left without suitable environmental treatment facilities. In the area around the abandoned mine site, problems such as drainage of acidic city drainage and leakage of leachate occur, and ground subsidence caused by this can cause a safety accident due to sink hole occurrence. In this study, flow, compressive strength, water uptake, pore and hydration characteristics were investigated to investigate the basic properties of liner and cover material based on the replacement ratio of nano silica and silica fume in the existing blast - furnace slag fine powder. As a result, as the substitution ratio of nano silica and silica fume increased, the flow and compressive strength of nano silica specimens increased and the absorption rate decreased. In the case of pore characteristics, the amount of pores decreased as the substitution ratio of nano silica and silica fume increased. Especially, the capillary porosity of 10-1,000 nm diameter decreased. Ray diffraction analysis and SEM measurement showed that the peak positions of the hydration products were almost the same when compared with the 5% alternative test samples of Plain and silica fume.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-131
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• 2021

This study quantitatively derived the direct socio-economic effects of the Gyeongbu Expressway, which opened in 1970, and suggested a methodological approach for more reliable results. The scenario was set when the Gyeongbu Expressway was not constructed in 1970, the opening of the Gyeongbu Expressway was delayed by 10 years, and the toll road between Seoul and Daejeon, or between Seoul and Gangneung was opened instead of the Gyeongbu Expressway as suggested by the World Bank. In addition, direct benefits were estimated by calculating and comparing the current vehicle operating costs, travel time costs, traffic accident costs, and environmental pollution costs. As a result, it was estimated that about 351 trillion won in direct benefits occurred, and it can be seen that the promotion of the construction project of the Gyeongbu Expressway at that time had a huge impact on South Korea's social economy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-200
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• 2022

A variety of simulation approaches based on automated driving technologies have been proposed to develop traffic operations strategies to prevent traffic crashes and alleviate congestion. The maneuver of simulated autonomous vehicles (AVs) needs to be realistic and be effectively differentiated from the behavior of manually driven vehicles (MVs). However, the verification of simulated AV maneuvers is limited due to the difficulty in collecting actual AVs trajectory and interaction data with MVs. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to evaluate the suitability of AV maneuvers based on both driving and traffic simulation experiments. The proposed evaluation framework includes the requirements for the behavior of individual AVs and the traffic stream performance resulting from the interactions with surrounding vehicles. A driving simulation approach is adopted to evaluate the feasibility of maneuvering of individual AVs. Meanwhile, traffic simulations are used to evaluate whether the impact of AVs on the performance of traffic stream is reasonable. The outcome of this study is expected to be used as a fundamental for the design and evaluation of transportation systems using automated driving technologies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.526-534
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• 2022

In August 2014, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (MOLIT) devised an innovative ITS measure in which private and public sectors share roles to maximize investment efficiency and effectiveness in collecting and offering traffic information that had been separately implemented by the state and private sector. The main details of the innovative measure include the following: For communication information, the information collected by the private sector is used, and the state concentrates on safety-related information collection, such as unexpected situations, including construction, accidents, and deteriorating weather conditions. Consequently, safety-related information is offered in real-time through smartphones and navigation, in addition to electric road signs that have limitations in providing unexpected real-time situations due to installation at specific spots. This study presented a connected traffic information priority coordination plan to improve the accuracy of traffic information offering by analyzing problems of related traffic information, including a general national highway case study to enhance the efficiency of national highway ITS implementation, according to actual public-private traffic information sharing. In addition, this study reviewed whether to operate or demolish the information collection equipment by analyzing traffic volume level and availability of related traffic information in the existing ITS operation sections and presented ITS collection equipment installation judgment standards based on the cases concerned.