• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-100
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• 2011

Objectives：We developed a Korean version of the Brief Measure of Worry Severity(BMWS), and examined its reliability, validity, and factor structures. We also explored the associations of pathological worry with depression and anxiety. Methods：Three hundreds fifty-two subjects including community population and college students completed the BMWS, and 27 subjects repeated the scale three weeks later. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's coefficient ${\alpha}$ and test-retest correlation. The external validity was examined by the correlation of the BMWS score with the scores of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Patient Health questionnaire-2(PHQ-2), State Anxiety Inven-tory(SAI), and Trait Anxiety Inventory(TAI). And principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity. The associations of pathological worry with depression and anxiety were explored using partial correlation analysis. Results：Cronbach's coefficient ${\alpha}$ for the BMWS was 0.904 and test-retest correlation was 0.56(P<0.01). The Spearman correlation coefficients of the BMWS score with the scores of BDI, PHQ-2, SAI, and TAI were 0.60(P<0.01), 0.42(P<0.01), 0.36(P<0.01), and 0.59(P<0.01), respectively. The BMWS showed unifactorial construct. When controlling for TAI score, the correlation coefficient between the BMWS score and the BDI score was 0.357(P<0.01), and when controlling for BDI score the correlation coefficient between the BMWS score and the TAI score was 0.446(P<0.01). Conclusion：The Korean version of the BMWS was found to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for measuring pathological worry. And we could identify the associations of the pathological worry with depression as well as anxiety.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2010

Purpose : The voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is the investigation of choice in detecting the vesicoureteral reflux in urinary tract infections in children. As it is a potentially distressing and invasive test, most of the parents are so concerned about the child's stress. In this study, we compared the difference of the state of anxiety of parents before and after the VCUG. Methods : We divided 68 parents whose children underwent VCUG into 2 groups; who have given an explanation about VCUG in detail using pictures (group 1) Vs. who have given an oral explanation only (group 2). All the parents submitted the same questionnaire 2 times before and after the VCUG, which consisted of State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory X-I (STAI-X-I) and visual analog scale (VAS) on the perception of worry, anxiety, confusion and pain. Results : Before VCUG, the perception of pain was higher in group 1 (P<0.05). After VCUG, the anxiety and confusion were significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (P<0.05). In group 1, STAI-X-I scores, the perception of worry and anxiety were significantly decreased after the VCUG (P<0.05). In group 2, the confusion and pain were increased after VCUG (P<0.05). Conclusion : It showed that doctor's explanation on the procedure in advance may raise the perception of pain and the possibility of refusal by parents. But the STAI-X-I, worry, anxiety after VCUG were significantly decreased in group 1, while the confusion and pain were increased in group 2. Therefore we suggest that prior and sufficient explanation about invasive procedure like VCUG can be helpful in ameliorating the anxiety of the parents.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.257-274
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• 2015

The purpose of the current study was to validate Fetzer Institute & National Institute on Aging Working Group[NIA](1999)'s Brief-Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality Scale (BMMRS) in Korean adults. The Korean version of BMMRS, Spiritual Well-Being Scale(SWS), Korean Sprituality Scale(KSS), Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ), and Intolerance of uncertainty Scale(IUS) were administered to the 286 students and community samples. A principle axis factoring analysis with direct oblimin rotation and Kaiser normalization identified a six-factor solution accounting for 66.24% of the variance in scores, labeled as: positive spiritual experience, negative spiritual experience, forgiveness, religious practices, negative congregational support, and positive congregational support. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that 6 factor model of BMMRS have a good fitness. Also, the internal consistency(.64~.97) and the test-retest reliablity was adequate.(.72~.88) Korean version of BMMRS has adequate psychometric characteristics so it can be used to verify the effects of various compassion-related psychotherapeutic approaches.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objective : Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder characterized by excessive worries and anxiety symptoms. To distinguish between pathological and normal worries, this study compared the contents and severity of worries among patients with GAD with those of matched non-psychiatric control Methods : Thirty outpatients with GAD receiving treatment at the psychiatric department of Hanyang University Guri Hospital were recruited. As a matched control group, we selected 30 adults without psychiatric history who participated in the Anxiety Disorder Survey, during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2014. Matched demographic data were age, sex, education, and household income. Self-questionnaires included demographic data, contents of worry (10 categories of worries and each severity), and the Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Results : There was no statistical difference in the contents of worry between patient and control groups. However, the total PSWQ scores significantly higher in the GAD group. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that patients and non-patients worry about the similar contents and worries in GAD cannot be differentiated by what people worry about. Only the severity of worry was a distinguishable feature. Our finding supported inclusion of the diagnostic criterion of "excesslve wornes" in GAD.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.338-344
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• 2020

Intolerance of Uncertainty is associated with numerous psychopathologies, including generalized anxiety disorders. However, several studies differ in the factor structures applicable for the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), and there exists a debate regarding the factorial and construct validity. Thus, in the current study, the IUS was newly translated to explore and verify the structures and factors relative to the cultural background of Korea. The study involved an exploratory factor analysis of randomly extracted data from 260 of 533 adults selected. Results determined that a prospective factor of 3 items and inhibitory factor of 5 items was appropriate. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis of the remaining 273 data revealed that a structural model comprising of the 8-items two factors model was well suited (x²=37.699, TLI=0.951, CFI=0.969, RMSEA=0.063, SRMR=0.039), and showed significant static correlation with worry, depression, and state-trait anxiety.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is defined as the tendency to react negatively on an emotional, cognitive, and behavioral level to uncertain situations and events. However, this definition is somewhat categorical and does not explain the phenomenology of IU. Intolerance of uncertainty scale (IUS), the standard measure of IU, was considered to have two factors : 'unacceptability and avoidance of uncertainty' and 'uncertainty leading to the inability to act'. IU may be a cognitive vulnerability factor for clinical worry and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A number of moderators and mediators including cognitive avoidance, experiential avoidance and rumination influence the relationship between IU, worry, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxious and depressive symptoms. IU may be more strongly related to the symptoms of GAD than to symptoms of other anxiety disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and major depressive disorder. IU may serve as an important transdiagnostic feature across anxiety and depressive disorders. Incorporating IU-specific treatment components into therapeutic protocols may result in pervasive benefits, and not only for those with GAD or OCD, but for people with any anxiety disorder or with depression.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.133-161
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale(LGBIS), which is a scale measuring the multidimensional identities of sexual minorities. For this, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using a sample of 201 LGBs(homosexuals and bisexuals). Identical to the original scale, eight factors were extracted from the translated scale(i.e., concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficult process, acceptance concerns, identity superiority, identity centrality, and identity affirmation), but one item was removed. In addition, the reliability coefficients of the eight factors except for concealment Motivation were satisfactory. The Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the 8-factor model had a good fit to the data. Finally, to verify the criterion validity, correlation among each eight factor and the scales measuring the identity related scale and the psychological-functioning scale were analyzed. In conclusion, the Korean version of the LGBIS consists of 8 factors and 26 items in total. Also it was found to be a valid measure for LGBS in Korea as well.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1481-1488
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• 2018

As female gamers are rapidly increasing, the misogyny and the misandry in game playing situation are also increasing. Recent #Gamergate and GodGunbae incident exhibit that such discriminative/hate behaviour in game playing can be developed into real physical threat or crime. In this paper, we investigate and analyze young Korean game players on how the attackers group, victims group, and gender-issue-indifferent group behave differently in game playing through survey. We found that male gamers had high hostile sexism against female gamers especially on females' game attitude and streotyped hatred with respect to the gender ${\times}$ group interaction. In big-5 personality test, however, it is not clear if attackers and victims had a noticeable different personality patterns. In result, we verify that there exist gender stereotype and high hostile sexism among young Korean gamers. Active gender-equality education on their adolescent period is necessary to avoid such destructive hatred in game playing.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.251-258
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out the difference between aging anxiety and self-efficacy according to the general characteristics of the elderly in the community and to find out the correlation between aging anxiety and self-efficacy. From April 2019 to August 2019, 284 responses were used in the final analysis, focusing on senior citizens' health centers, welfare centers for senior citizens, health centers, and senior citizen centers in Gwangju and South Jeolla Province, and the survey was conducted using an aging anxiety scale and a self-efficacy scale. Studies have shown that aging anxiety has shown statistically significant differences in age, economic level, health condition, and present concern, and self-efficacy has shown statistically significant differences in age, academic background, religion, economic level and health status. The higher the age anxiety, the lower the self-efficacy. It is thought that it can be used to establish specific strategic measures for successful aging that can keep healthy for a long time and maintain a safe life.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the incidence of insomnia, 2) the clinical characteristics of the insomniacs, 3) the correlation of severity of insomnia with somatic complaints and psychological distresses, and 4) the beliefs and attitudes about sleep in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Methods: The author evaluated 153 patients, receiving hemodialysis therapy at the four outpatients hemodialysis units in Pusan, Korea. The patients had completed a self-administered questionnaire package, which consisted of basic demographic findings, questions characterizing insomnia, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielburger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and visual analogue scales measuring quantitatively the severity of the self-perceived psychological and somatic symptoms. And several laboratory data were collected. Diagnosis of insomnia was made in the base of insomnia criteria of DSM-IV and international classification of sleep disorders. Subjects were dichotomized into those who reported any characteristics of insomnia or those who had no insomnia during the preceding two weeks. Results: Insomnia was found in 100(65.4%) of 153 patients. No statistical differences were found between the patients with and without insomnia in terms of age, gender, education, marital status, mean duration of hemodialysis and all considered laboratory findings except serum albumin. The patients with insomnia had significantly higher BDI score and predialysis systolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin as compared to non-insomnia group. Significant differences were found between two groups in terms of self-perceived distress such as sadness, anxiety, worry, pruritus, and dysfunction of daily life. The data showed statistically significant correlation between insomnia severity and some variables such as physical dysfunction, pruritus, bone pain, sadness, anxiety, worry, dysfunction of daily life and excessive daytime sleepiness. The patients with insomnia had significantly several dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep than those without insomnia. Conclusion: These results indicate that insomnia is very common in hemodialysis patients and likely contribute to the impaired quality of life experienced by many these patients. The author suggests that physical and psychological distresses would be reduced and the quality of life could be improved if their sleep disturbances are properly ameliorated in patients on hemodialysis.