• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.85-102
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• 2003

본 연구는 현재까지 국제적으로 논의된 전자상거래 과세제도 및 조세지원제도를 살펴보고 그 문제점과 대응방안을 세목별로 제시하고 있다. 전자상거래와 관련된 조세문제를 세목별로 살펴보면 다음과 같다; 첫째, 부가가치세의 경우 소비지과세원칙의 수립, 재화와 서비스의 구분 문제, 과세방법의 문제 등이 있다. 둘째, 관세의 경우 디지털 재화에 관세를 부과할 것 인지의 여부에 대하여 논란이 되고 있다. 셋째, 소득세의 경우 고정사업장의 정의, 소득의 분류, 사업장간 소득의 배분, 거주지의 판정문제 등에 대하여 논란이 되고 있다. 이러한 조세문제에 대하여 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 대응방안을 제시하고 있다 ; 부가가치세의 경우 우리나라는 소비지국과세원칙을 주장할 필요가 있다. 관세의 경우 우리나라는 현재 무형재에 대해서는 관세를 부과하지 않고 있지만 세수를 증대시키기 위해 무형재에 대한 관세부과 방안도 고려해 볼 필요가 있다. 소득세의 경우 고정사업장의 정의나 원천지 과세원칙에 대해서는 OECD가 정의한 방안을 따르는 것이 바람직하다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.333-341
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• 2002

사례기반추론기법을 통한 유사상품의 탐색과 사용자 요구에 적합한 상품추천을 위해서는 다양한 요구에 부응할 수 있는 사례베이스의 구축이 우선되어야 한다 이에 본 연구에서는 인터넷 쇼핑몰의 상품추천시스템에서 번들상품구성문제를 표현하는데 적합한 사례표현기법을 개발하며, 유1.1사례를 추출하기 위한 유사도 척도의 개발에 연구의 첫 번째 주안점을 둔다. 본 논문에서는 번들상품추천을 위한 사례표현기법으로 속성-값(feature-value) 방식인 프레임(frame) 형식을 사용하고 있다 또한 유사도 측정을 위하여 각 속성(행사, 예산, 참여자 수, 고객 거주지 등)에 대하여 유사도 테이블을 작성하고, 이들 속성들의 가중합계방법을 이용하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 1989

기존의 많은 연구가 도시공원의 중요성을 밝히고 있지만, 보다 만족스런 공원조성을 위한 기본 자료의 부족으로 전통적인 설계방법은 경침이나 설계기준(standard)에 크게 의존하는 것이 현실이다. 그러나 전통적인 설계방법은 시간적, 사회적으로 변화하는 이용자의 욕구 충족과 창의성의 제고에는 문제점이 있다. 이러한 현상의 부분적인 이유는 객관적이고 보편성이 있는 공원 매력도 측정 방법의 결여로, 각 공원에서의 이용자 만족도의 그 이유를 체계적으로 분석하여 실제상황에의 적용이 어렵기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 공원의 매력도가 같다면 가장 가까운 공원을 이용할 것이라는 가정하에서 가장 논리적인 수학적 방법을 통해 기존 도시공원내의 매력도를 산출할 수 있는 모델을 제시하였다. 제시된 모델은 두개 이상의 공원이 존재해야 하며, 응답자의 거주지가 확인되어야 측정이 가능하다.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.179-188
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 주부의 시간성향에 따라 시간관리행동에 차이가 있는지를 파악함으로써 시간성향의 중요성을 밝히고, 주부의 생활경영과정에서 시간사요의 효율성을 창조하는 능력으로서의 인적자원계발을 위한 하나의 자료가 되고자 하는데 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주부의 시간성향은 단선적 시간성향이기보다는 복합적 시간성향인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 주부의 사회인구학적 특성에 따라 시간성향의 차이를 보면 변인은 거주지와 취업여부였다. 세째, 주부의 시간성향에 따른 시간관리행동은 사회하를 제외한 모든관리행동 즉 계획/우선순위(p<.001), 표준설정/단순화(p<.05), 목표설정(p<.001), 심리적 긴장감해소(p<.001), 분담화(p<.05), 기계화(p<.05)에서 차이를 보이고 있다. 유의미한 차이를 보인 모든 관리행동에서 복합적 시간성향의 주부가 관리행동을 더 잘하였고 특히 계획/우선순위와 목 표설정 관리행동에서 월등히 잘하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Architects
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• no.3 s.395
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• pp.68-75
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• 2002

전남 고흥의 소록도는 그 섬의 아름다움보다, 한센병 환자들의 집단 거주지로서 더 유명하다. 1916년부터 이곳은 국내 한센병 환자들의 역사와 함께하였기 때문이다. 따라서, 그들에 대한 오해와 편견, 그리고 관심의 흔적들이 이 섬에는 그대로 남아있다. 2001년 11월 자원봉사자들의 숙식과 교육을 위한 센터가 완공되었으며, 무영건축은 설계와 감리를 담당하였다. 대규모 설계사무소에서는 좀처럼 진행하기 힘든 외딴 섬에 위치한 연면적 1,300㎡의 작은 건물이었지만, 자원봉사자들을 위한 건물을 만드는 일은 한센병 환자들에게 봉사하는 건축가의 사회적 역할이었다. 건축가의 작업은 마쳤으나 이제는 그들에 대한 이해와 관심을 모으는 일이 남아있으며, 이 글을 통하여 한센병과 소록도에 대한 이해를 도모하고 자원봉사센터의 건립과정을 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2009

본 논문은 홈 네트워크 시스템에서 사용자 프로파일을 기반으로 거주자의 행동패턴을 예측하고 분석하는 BPP(Behavior Pattern Prediction) 알고리즘을 제안한다. BPP 알고리즘은 거주자가 어느 방에 자주 방문하고, 어떤 행동을 자주 반복 하는지 파악을 하여 사용자 프로파일을 구축한다. 그리고 사용자가 머물렀던 방에 대한 관심을 객관적으로 측정하기 위해 거주지 사용자의 흥미에 대해서 가중치(weight)를 부여 한다. 사용자의 프로파일로부터 얻어진 데이터에 근거를 둔 가중치가 높을수록 사용자의 행동과 방에 대한 연관성이 높다는 것을 나타낸다. BPP 알고리즘의 특징은 시간대 별로 가중치를 측정하여 사용자의 다음 행동을 예측하고, 객관적으로 사용자의 행동 패턴을 분석한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society. This study aims to examine the existing conditions of outdoor living environments to assist a healthy lifestyle for senior citizens and to determine the most influential factor in a senior-friendly outdoor space as well as to suggest improvements in existing conditions focused on the prospective senior population. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study that included a survey of present conditions and interviews with the prospective seniors and senior citizens in Daejeon. Conditions of outdoor living environments for seniors were found to be more than adequate in general. But some factors evaluated as low must be carefully tailored for seniors. First, the study showed that seniors evaluated as highest the 'use of a walkway' for a stroll and stayed outside for 1~2 hours at a time. Many vehicles parked in walkways were the most inconvenient factors in going for a walk. Second, the study showed that the evaluation of outdoor space was about average and 'sociality' was evaluated as the lowest. Third, the study showed that men evaluated lower than women 4 items: 'use and convenience of a wheelchair', 'night lighting', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'trees'. Respondents above the age of 66 are more uncomfortable with items such as 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'direction of apartment complex' while respondents above the age of 80 are more uncomfortable with items of 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail' and 'discrimination of signage at nighttime'. Fourth, the evaluation by existing housing patterns was statistically significant in 20 of 22 evaluated items. This means that residents in apartment complex evaluated as high these items in general. In this study, existing outdoor living environments for the elderly did not display any immediately serious issues in the overall evaluation items. Assuming, however, that the aging population will quickly increase in the next ten years, items which are evaluated as low in descriptive statistics and items which give inconvenience to the elderly above the age of 80 in particular will need to be the first areas to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

Nowadays, the Korean society is full of multiculturalism as there are many foreign ethnic enclaves. Many Chinese quarters are built in various parts of Korea along with the increasing population of Chinese immigrant. Especially, the Chinese quarter has shown the sign of time and the cultural characteristic of the local residents. This research is to study the market space of Chinese ethnic enclaves in Dairimdong. This research method is the field study to use a participant observation. Below are the research results: Chinese merchants put a private object such as "tanzi" on a sidewalk and install large awning covered full of sidewalk. Sidewalk transform from an outdoor space into an internal space because of Chinese merchants. Passers-by move to use vehicle roads and transform not only the car's space but also the passers-by space. Urban planners originally classify space into three categories, which are building - sidewalk - vehicles road. However, after Chinese came to the market, Chinese classified space into new three categories which is building - space for both sidewalk and "tanzi" - space for both sidewalk and vehicles road. New classification of space is quite different from the previous. In addition, Chinese thinks that the Dairimdong's Market is a very comfortable place. Because Dairimdong Market have many Chinese physical facilities. Next, Chinese thinks that the Dairimdong Market is a very friendly place to buy Chinese products easily. This market has become a place of consumption for the Chinese. Eventually, Dairimdong's Market has changed because of Chinese immigrants. It is possible to make satisfactory planning and design proposal to build Chinese quarters in the future through the explanation of space and status by way of culture. There are many careless mistakes in previous subjective planning and design proposal of the designers. Thus, it should consider the problems created by their way of use in later planning and design.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.282-291
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• 2014

This study was conducted to make distribution model of the Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane according to the anthropogenic and natural factors affecting distribution of crane in Cheorwon, Korea. It was investigated that the impact power and its range of the indirect anthropogenic influence to feeding flock density in cranes from the road, residential area, military facilities, civilian control zone (CCZ), greenhouse and natural influence such as roosting site and available feeding area. Available feeding area is the most important factor for the crane's feeding site selection. The feeding flock density of the cranes near the residential area was lower than that of area far from the area, and tended to increase within 2.5 km distance. The increasing tendencies of feeding flock density from military facilities and high traffic volume road were similar, but the density in military facilities increased within 800 m, and the density from high traffic volume road increased within 2 km. These results suggested that residential area, military facilities and the road with high traffic volume had significant effect on foraging densities to the certain range. As the distance from the road with low traffic volume and roosting site increased, feeding flock density tended to decrease. The density of Red-crowned crane and White-naped crane inside the CCZ were respectively higher than those of outside the CCZ, especially for the Red-crowned crane. As a result, density of Red crowned cranes inside the CCZ was 5.2 times higher than that of outside, while that of white-naped cranes was 2.2 times bigger. If the density of greenhouse is lower than $40km^{-2}$, crane's feeding flock density in the low greenhouses density area was higher than that of high greenhouses density area. However, there was no difference in the feeding flock density if the density of the green houses is higher than $40km^{-2}$. The model for the Red-crowned Crane was related with available feeding area, distance from residential area, civilian control zone and distance from high traffic road. The model of the White-naped Crane was related with available feeding area, distance from roosting site and distance from lake. Finally, the estimated feeding flock density of cranes significantly correlated with density model according to the natural and anthropogenic factors.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

For the improvement of productivity of beekeepers and to develop new management strategy through the analysis of current honeybee-keeping management types and evaluation of related skills and basis in Korea were surveyed. The serial surveys were carried out in 2008 for a total of 253 beekeepers from different localities in Korea. The results revealed that 145.9 colonies of honeybee were managed by each beekeeper in Korea. The beekeepers group who were younger than 55 years possessed 191.7 colonies. The older age group of beekeepers kept rather smaller number of colonies. The career groups over 15 years in apiculture were keeping 176.0 colonies in average. The numbers of bee colonies were not significantly different among localities and educational backgrounds. The migratory apiaries with 145.9 hives were dominant than those fixed ones with 83.0 (p<0.01). It was observed that 57.8% of apiaries were located in the vicinity of farmer's house, whereas 30.3% were managed in mountain area; however older group (65.4%) preferred to keep it near their houses (p<0.05). The proportion (35.7%) of part-time fixed apiary was the highest among four apiary management types. The younger group and high career group operated full-time migratory apiary (38.8% and 40.3%) (p<0.05), respectively. However, the older group and low career group preferred as part-time fixed one (43.2% and 46.6%), respectively (p<0.001). There was no significant difference among localities. The surveyed beekeepers produced propolis, commercial colonies, pollen, royal jelly, and pollination hives in addition to honey. The group of less than 15 years career and mountain apiary mainly produced propolis and pollen. However, those who dwell in small and middle areas mainly produced propolis and commercial colonies. The levels related to beekeeping skills and basis were evaluated as intermediate from 3.11 and 2.86 points on 5 points scale, respectively. More careered group having skill level of 3.33 point and basis level of 3.02 showed higher levels than less careered one. The levels of skill and basis evaluated from age groups and localities were similar with each other with no significance.