• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

The seasonal variation of microbial community, based on the bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF), phytoplankton and ciliates, was investigated at three sites in the eutrophic brackish water of Lake Shihwa and its adjacent areas from May 2007 through May 2008. At the upstream-region site St. 1, compared to the other two sites, significantly lower salinities and higher concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll $\alpha$ (Chl. $\alpha$) were recorded. The annual average abundances of bacteria at St. 1, St. 2 and St. 3 were $6.8{\times}10^6$, $7.4{\times}10^6$ and $4.6{\times}10^6\;cells\;mL^{-1}$, respectively. As for the annual average concentrations of HNF, $19{\times}10^2$, $6.7{\times}10^2$ and $5.9{\times}10^2\;cells\;mL^{-1}$, were recorded in St. 1, St. 2 and St. 3 respectively. The highest ciliate abundance appeared at St. 1 on 29 April, 2008 and in which, 99% were autotrophic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum (Myrionecta rubra). Significant linear correlations between the biomass of bacteria and Chl. $\alpha$ were found, however, no significant relationships between ciliates abudance/biomass and their prey organisms were detected in all three sites, implying relatively low energy transfer efficiencies between them. These results indicated that the trophic relationship between ciliates and their prey organisms in the microbial community might be influenced by indirect route since higher trophic level organisms did not directly correlate to those of lower trophic level, although high primary productions were detected in the eutrophic brackish water of Lake Shihwa and its adjacent areas.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1176-1184
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• 2017

The contents of inorganic and functional components in the organic Cheongyang pepper, tomato, and strawberry were compared with those of the conventional produce. The analyzed functional components were total phenol, total flavonoid, vitamin C, vitamin E, ${\beta}-carotene$, and capsaicin in Cheongyang peppers; lycopene in tomatoes; and anthocyanin in strawberries. The analyzed inorganic components were total N, Zn, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P. The total phenol contents of Cheongyang peppers and tomatoes were 14% and 30% higher, respectively, in the organic vegetables than the conventional ones, whereas strawberries had 13% higher components than the conventional ones. The total flavonoid contents of the Cheongyang peppers and tomatoes were 11% and 29% higher, respectively, than in the conventional produce, but those of the strawberries were 100% higher than in conventional strawberries. Vitamins were mostly higher in organic cultivation products, but there was no significant difference. The ${\beta}-carotene$ content was 22% higher in organic tomatoes, but conventional strawberries and peppers had more ${\beta}-carotene$ than the organic types did. The contents of capsaicin and lycopene were no different between the various cultivations, while anthocyanin was higher in the conventional cultivation. Analysis of inorganic components did not differ between cultivation methods for peppers and tomatoes, and the total N, K, and P contents were higher by 20-28% in the conventional cultivation. The contents of K, Ca, Mg, and P were 16-29% higher in the conventional cultivation of strawberries. Depending on the crops, there were many syntheses of functional components in the organic cultivation. This was thought to be due to nutrients and environmental stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.821-828
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• 2016

The water quality and phytoplankton presence in the ballast water (BW) of 37 vessels originating from the international ports of China were investigated to facilitate negotiations for exemptions to the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWM Convention). The shortest duration given BW spent in a vessel was $3.91{\pm}4.61days$ in area "A", which included the Bohai Sea. Total suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon ranged from 1.80 to $266mg\;L^{-1}$, from 1.09 to $5.79mg\;L^{-1}$, and from 0.17 to $3.65mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. A low average concentration of nutrients was measured in BW from area "C", but the concentration of nutrients in BW from area "B" (around the Changjiang estuary) was high, which may be related to the relevant supply of freshwater. A high chlorophyll-a concentration (> $1{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$) was measured in six vessels, three of which carried BW in the area "A". High abundance of phytoplankton (> $10,000cells\;L^{-1}$) was measured in four vessels, two of which carried BW in the area "C". Vessel No. 37, originating from Hong Kong Bay in area "C", showed a high density of dinoflagellates. The results suggest that BWM Convention exemption negotiations with China should be performed cautiously.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2012

This retrospective study was performed to describe and evaluate ultrasonographic characteristics of splenic disorders and to pursue any relationship with cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. Medical records were reviewed for patients that had undergone both abdominal ultrasonographic procedures and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or surgical biopsy of splenic lesions or necropsy from January 2002 to July 2011 at Seoul National University Hospital for Animals. Total 124 dogs, 76 cases with FNA and 48 cases with biopsy, were available for this investigation. The age of dogs ranged from 2 to 17 years ($mean{\pm}SD$ = $9.54{\pm}3.34$ years), with the gender distribution of 61 females (26 spayed) and 63 males (40 neutered). In breed distribution, 114 were purebred dogs and 10 were mixed breed dogs. The dogs represented 26 breeds, with 113 dogs categorized into small-sized breeds. The ultrasonographic appearances of splenic disorders could be classified into 10 types including normal appearance, depending on the distribution and echogenicity of splenic lesions as well as the increase in spleen size and diffuse parenchymal changes. Among 124 cases, 44 (35.4%) had hypoechoic nodules/masses with the highest frequency, followed by 23 (18.5%) with multiple small hypoechoic nodules. Of 124 cases, 70 (56.5%) were benign and 54 (43.5%) were malignant lesions at cytologic or histopathologic results. Each ultrasonographic appearance had variable cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. However, diffuse heterogenicity and diffuse hypoechogenicity were significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.05), whereas hyperechoic nodules/masses were more often associated with benignity (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it may be considered that the ultrasonographic examination for spleen could be able to provide the least information necessary for benign and malignant lesions in prioritizing differential diagnoses.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Cryopreservation of germ cells from genetically proven animals could be a source of restoration tools from the risk of extinction or disappearance of wanted characteristics. Using frozen semen, the genetic gains of Korean native cattle have been increased greatly for 70 years. The preservation of genetic resources as a form of frozen semen straw has limited availability due to the numbers. To circumvent this weakness of frozen semen, we tested two re-freezing methods with different initial thawing temperatures using frozen Korean proven semen and rare breed semen from albino, black and chikso breeders. It has been known that human sperm could resist to cryo-damages by repeated freeze-thaw cycles, but not for Korean proven bulls number (KPN) or for rare breeds. Total 7 frozen semem from brindled(2), black(1), Korean Albino(2) and KPN(1) bulls were used for our research. After thawing straws under $5^{\circ}C/2min$ or $37^{\circ}C/40sec$ with low temperature water bath and thermo jug, spermatozoa were re-diluted with triladyl diluents after first thawing and re-frozen. Sperm motilities were compared between animals and treated groups after re-thawing. Mean values of motility and viability of refrozen/thawed sperm for expansion of the number of straws were significantly higher in $5^{\circ}C$ than in $37^{\circ}C$ (P < 0.05). However, the activity of viable sperm thawed at $5^{\circ}C$ was significantly decreased before refreezing. It is estimated that re-freezing of frozen semen from rare Korean native cattle is possible with resistant properties of survived spermatozoa.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2014

Using commercial radish varieties for processing, about 30% of radish was discarded due to the root shape and low purity. To raise the processing ability, we tried to develop a new variety producing H-shaped root. As another characteristic required in variety for processing is high purity, we tried to raise purity using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers for testing seed purity in every segregating generation. To develop Male-sterile (MS) seeding parent, we crossed commercial variety of 'Gwan dong spring' and 'Gyeo ryong spring'. One elite inbred was selected as recurrent parent for the MS plant. The major horticultural traits of selected inbred line were disease resistance, late bolting, heat resistance and bright green root top color. To develop pollen parent, we crossed commercial variety of 'Tae sang king' and 'Seoul spring'. We used individual selection method to develop H-shaped hard root and disease resistant inbred. In each segregating generation, we selected one plant based on phenotype and the uniformity of selected plant was tested by SSR markers using self-pollinated seeds. In the first segregating generation, 64.6% of sib plants shared the same band in PCR amplification using ACMP-490 primer and 66.7% using cnu-316 primer. The uniformity of segregating generations using ACMP-490 and cnu-316 raised in second generation to 68.8%, 70.8%, respectively; in third generation to 93.8%, 100%; in fourth generation to 93.8%, 100%; in fifth generation to 95.8%, 100%; in sixth generation to 100%, 100%. A novel cross was made using selected MS parent and pollen parent. When we checker the horticultural traits using autumn cultivation, the novel cross variety produced H-shaped root comparing other commercial varieties and produced highly uniform radish. Thus we registered this novel cross variety as 'YR ORE' at 2013 (Registration No. 4550).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of ninety six pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) were used in this 66 day study. Dietary treatments included 1) T1 (ME 3,441 kcal/kg, CP 16.30%, Lysine 0.93%), 2) T2 (ME 3,433 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00% and 3) T3 (ME 3,449 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00%). During the overall period, there were no significant differences in ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake), gain/feed ratio or BUN (blood urea nitrogen) among the treatments (p>0.05). The $b^*$ value of M. longissimus dorsi muscle color significantly increased (p<0.05) with T3 treatment compared to T2 treatment. However, there were no differences in the $L^*\;and\;a^*$ values, pH, M. logissimus dorsi area, drip loss, cooking loss, TBARS and WHC (water holding capacity) for pigs fed the various treatments (p>0.05). The total feed cost per kg of weight gain was not significantly different among the various dietary treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results show no effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs, and also suggest that a high nutrient density diet may not be a beneficial feeding strategy for finishing pigs in terms of cost.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.360-371
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate effects of air pollution on the Pinus thunbergii forests in Onsan industrial districts, and environmental factors, contents of soluble sulfur in needles, and composition of sorest vegetation were examined. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows ; 1. The pH of soils, organic matter and total N were low near the source of air pollutants, and sulfur contents in the soils was high in general. Especially there was significant correlation between the sulfur contents in the soil and pH at 1% level. 2. The contents of soluble sulfur in needles ranged from 0.13% to 0.25% and were generally high, and plot 2 and 3 were the highest of all. 3. In the number of species, 7 species appeared in plot 3 and 20 species in plot 7, and they were low near the source of air pollutants. Total number of individuls, species diversity and evenness increased with in creasing distance from the source of air pollutants. 4. There were significant correlations between the contents of soluble sulfur in needles and the number of species and species diversity at 5%, 1% level, respectively. 5. Importance value of each species was low near the source of air pollutants but Quercus species showed high values in all plots. 6. On these studied plots, Pinus thunbergii, Quercus serrata and smilax china were tolerant, and Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Platycarya strobilacea and Lespedeza maritima were sensitive to air pollution.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.649-653
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• 2009

"Cheongan" is a new japonica rice variety developed from a cross between SR15225-B-22-1-2-1 and Iksan431 in summer season, 1997 by National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. The line SR15225-B-22-1-2-1 has good canopy architecture and multi-disease and insect resistance, and Iksan431 has translucent milled rice and good eating-quality. Heading date of Cheongan is August 13 in central lowland and mid-mountainous areas. "Cheongan" having culm length of 84 cm shows relatively semi-erect pubescent leaf blade and rigid culm, tolerance to lodging with and good canopy architecture. This variety has 14 tillers per hill and 126 spikelets per panicle. It shows tolerance to heading delay and spikelet sterility comparable to Hwaseongbyeo when exposed to cold stress. Leaf senescence of Cheongan progresses slowly during the ripening stage and the viviparous germination ratio was 59 %, similar to that of Hwaseongbyo. "Cheongan" shows moderately resistance to blast disease, but susceptible to stripe virus and brown planthopper. The milled rice of "Cheongan" exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain. It shows similar amylose content of 18.7%, gelatinization temperature, and similar palatability of cooked rice compared to Hwaseongbyeo. The milled rice yield of this cultivar is about 5.54 MT/ha at ordinary season culture in local adaptability test for three years. Especially, "Cheongan" has better milling properties of higher 98.4% and 73.9% in the percentage of head rice in milled rice and milling recovery of head rice, respectively, than those of Hwaseongbyeo. "Cheongan" could be adaptable to the central and mid-southern plain area, and mid-western coastal area of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.595-599
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• 2011

'Goami 3' is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Suweon464 and Daeanbyeo by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. 'Goami3' has about 130 days growth duration from transplanting to heading in central plain area of Korea. It has a good semi-erect plant type and resistance to lodging of about 79 cm in culm length. 'Goami 3' had 15 panicles per hill and 104 spikelets per panicle. 'Goami 3' has very high amylose (29.5%) and high non-dietary starch compared with Hwaseongbyeo. This rice variety has slow senescence and 47% tolerance to viviparous germination during the ripening stage. 'Goami 3' is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pest. The yield performance of this cultivar in milled rice was about 3.92MT/ha by ordinary season culture in local adaptability test from 2005 to 2007. 'Goami 3' is adaptable to central and southern plain area of Korea.