• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.581-586
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• 2018

Enterococcus spp. have been considered major indicator organisms for antibiotic resistance due to their ability to easily acquire and to harbor antibiotic resistance. In this study, Enterococcus spp. were isolated from 174 retail fresh-cut products (fresh vegetable salads, microgreens, and sprouts) in Korea. Among the 20 Enterococcus isolates obtained, 18 (90.0%) were Enterococcus faecalis and 2 (10.0%) were Enterococcus faecium. The patterns of antibiotic resistance against nine antimicrobials were analyzed. Most of the isolates (85.0%) were resistant to quinupristin/dalfopristin, 40.0% and 50.0% of the isolates showed intermediate resistance to two critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, respectively. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci were not detected in this study. Given the importance of antimicrobial resistance of enterococci in food safety as well as in public health, our results regarding the occurrence (level of contamination) and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. could provide useful information that aids the risk analysis of antibiotic resistance.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.219-225
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• 2019

This study explored the mediating effects of positive psychological capital on the relationship between academic grit and academic burnout perceived by high school students. This study was conducted through questionnaires of 573 second graders of high school in Daegu and analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modelling. The results of this study were as follows. First, academic grit had a negative effect on academic burnout. Second, positive psychological capital mediated the relationship between academic grit and academic burnout. This result implies that it is necessary to provide positive psychological capital to enhance or maintain academical grit in the context of academic burnout. In the subsequent study, it is needed to explore the mediating effects of positive psychological capital on sub-variables, the moderating effect of positive psychological capital profiles, the analysis of variance according to individual backgrounds such as gender and grade for academic grit and academic burnout, and the mediating or moderating effects of positive psychological capital on independent variables such as perfectionism, ego-resilience, and self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

The purpose of educational assessments such as the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is to compare groups such as countries. When the unit of measurement is above the student level, group-level diagnostic assessment based on multilevel item response theory (ML-IRT) can be considered just as cognitive diagnosis models are developed from item response theory. This study suggests an ML-IRT-based group-level diagnostic assessment model by modifying an item feature model by Park and bolt (2008). The model is illustrated on the recently released TIMSS 2015 Grade 8 mathematics assessment. The results provide skill profiles for the studied countries and the nine cognitive attributes; that is, the attribute effects can be compared across the countries and also across the attributes. By controlling unexplained variance, the suggested model may provide more reliable and more informative group-level comparisons. The results are interpreted using an example. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

The length of optical fiber in dispersion-managed link combined with optical phase conjugation to compensate for signal distortion caused by chromatic dispersion and nonlinear Kerr effect is a major factor determining the compensation effectiveness. The dispersion-managed link consists of several fiber spans in which standard single mode fiber and dispersion compensating fiber are arranged. In this paper, the compensation effect in the link that changes residual dispersion per span only by adjusting the length of one type of optical fiber, which is different in the first half link and the second half link with respect to optical phase conjugator (OPC), has been investigated. It was confirmed that the best compensation for 960 Gb/s wavelength division multiplexed signal could be obtained in the dispersion-managed link, in which the cumulative dispersion profile is symmetric around the OPC, and the cumulative dispersion amount is all positive in the first half, and all the cumulative dispersion amount is distributed negatively in the second half.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.343-363
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• 2023

Sulawesi island, as a global producer of nickel resources, is leading the rapid growth of nickel industry of Indonesia. Nickel laterite deposits in Sulawesi was formed by lateritization of the world-scale East Sulawesi Ophiolite (ESO) under the active tectonic setting and tropical rainforest climate. In this paper, exploration cases for nickel laterite deposits in five regions of Sulawesi are reported. Regional characteristics on nickel laterite deposits in Sulawesi are understood based on various exploration activities such as outcrop, trench and pit survey, petrological observation, geochemical analysis, and interpretation of drilling data, etc.. In the northeastern part of 'Southeast-Arm', which is a strategic location for nickel industry of Indonesia, ESO is extensively exposed to the surface. In the Morombo and Morowali regions, typical high-grade saprolite-type orebodies with a thickness of 10 to 20 m occur. The cases showed that topographic relief tends to regulate Ni-grade distribution and orebody thickness, and that high grade intervals tend to occur in places where joints and garnierite veins are dense. In the Tinanggea and South Palangga regions in the southern part of the Southeast-Arm, overburden composed of Neogene to Quaternary deposits is a major factor affecting the preservation and profitability of nickel laterite deposits. Despite the overburden, high-grade saprolite-type orebodies composed of Ni-bearing serpentine with garnierite veins occur in a thickness of around 10 m to secure economic feasibility. In contrast, in the Ampana region in the northern part of 'East-Arm', low-grade nickel laterite deposits with immature laterite profile was identified, which is thought to be the result of active denudation due to tectonic uplift. Exploration cases in this paper will help to understand characteristics and controlling factors on nickel laterite deposits in Sulawesi, Indonesia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.431-440
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• 2017

This study surveyed pre-service early childhood teachers' level of concern about software education on the assumption that software education will be introduced into early childhood education in the future. It was shown that the pre-service early childhood teachers' level of concern about software education is the highest at stage 0(95%) and that they have a high level of informative, personal and managerial concern. Thus, a non-user pattern was mostly indicated. However, compared to the typical non-user pattern, their personal and informative level of concern is slightly higher. A 'tailing up' phenomenon to stage 6(refocusing) was shown. Hence, a pattern aspect close to critical non-user appeared to some extent. A difference in the significant level of concern was shown at all stages, except for managerial concern, according to the need for awareness, the appearance of a future implementation plan, and technology efficacy level. Based on this outcome, it was proposed that teacher training in early childhood software education should be made available as part of the educational activity connected with the Nuri Curriculum, since this would be more suitable for young children's developmental level than the early childhood software education, including coding education, etc., currently found in private institutions.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2007

This paper is to construct a healthcare database using information obtained from healthcare home environments, and use this one for healthcare home services, Especially, our researching focus in this paper is how to design healthcare database scheme and how to use this constructed database on the Framework for Supporting Healthcare Integrated Service(FSHIS) we developed previously. Healthcare information is designed to database schemes in accordance to the specific save types of the data collected from various typed-sensors. The healthcare database constructed by using this information for the purpose of healthcare home services is divided into the base information with real schemes and the context based information with view schemes. Firstly, the base information includes low data obtained from physical sensors relevant to locations, healths, environments, and the personnel healthy profiles. The other is the context based information that is produced and fused by using the based information. This context based information might be got via various view schemes according to healthcare application services. Finally, for verifying the practical use of healthcare database constructed in this paper, Via interconnecting this database to our FSHIS, we show an example of healthcare home monitoring service using information (basic and context based information), emergency call, home appliance control, and so on needed from living activity area for elderly living alone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.112-115
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• 2009

Inter-Prediction is always the main bottleneck in H.264/AVC Baseline Profile. This paper describes an efficient Inter-Prediction hardware architecture design. H.264/AVC decoder supports various block types such as $16{\times}16$, $16{\times}8$, $8{\times}16$, $8{\times}8$, $8{\times}4$, $4{\times}8$, $4{\times}4$ block types. Reference Software(JM) only considers the $4{\times}4$ block type when the reference block is being fetched. This causes duplicated pixels which needs extra fetch cycles. In order to eliminate some of the duplicated pixels, the $8{\times}8$ and $4{\times}4$ block types were considered in the previous design. If the block size is larger than or equal to the $8{\times}8$ block type, it will be separated into several $8{\times}8$ block types and if the block size is smaller than the $8{\times}8$ block type it will be separated into several $4{\times}4$ blocks. For further reduction of the fetch cycles, the various block types are considered in this paper. As a result, the maximum cycle reduction percentage is 18.6% comparing with the previous design.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.480-490
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• 2018

This study investigated the profiles of anger expression (anger control, anger in, anger out) and their variation in forms, and determined the differences in depression, aggression, and negative affect intensity of middle school students. For this purpose, the survey responses of 296 middle school students in Seoul were analyzed. The major study results are as follows. (1) Cluster analyses yielded four anger expression profiles: cluster 1 was characterized by high scores for anger control, anger in and anger out, cluster 2 by low scores for anger control, high scores for anger in and anger out, cluster 3 by low scores for anger control, anger in and anger out, and cluster 4 by low scores for anger in, high scores for anger control and anger out. (2) Between-cluster differences in depression, aggression, and negative affect intensity were all significant. The posteriori test indicated that cluster 4 was higher than the other three clusters in terms of depression. Cluster 3 was higher than the other three clusters on aggression, cluster 2 was higher than cluster 4 in terms of aggression. The interventions by aggression expression cluster are discussed and the implications of this research to education and counseling are explained.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1735-1742
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• 2011

Now a days, as a mass-storage USB becomes comfortable to carry, function of USB is being developed fast. However, there is a problem that the personal information which is stored in USB could be exposed being used with negative purpose without other certification process. This paper suggests OTP(One-Time Password)-based certification protocol of USB to securely protect personal information stored in USB without additional certification information. The proposed OTP based certification protocol of USB not only demands low calculations but also prevents physical approach of USB of other network and does not allow unnecessary service access of user because it conducts simple action and uses one-way hash function. Therefore, communication overhead and service delay is improved. In the experiment, the proposed protocol compares and evaluates throughput of certification server according to the numbers of USB and delay time of packet certification with a device(USB driver) which simply save device and a device(USB Token) which can calculate by oneself. As a result, it is improved as the number of 12.5% in the certification delay time on average and is improved as the number of 10.8% in the throughput of certification server according to the numbers of USB.