• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-76
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• 2020

This article is an exploratory empirical study on the introduction of the Electronic Shelf Labels (ESL) system, which is spreading to offline stores as a new price information system for retail stores in Korea. In order to conduct this study, eight measurement items were derived from the IT-BSC perspective as performance factors, and the AHP technique was used as a method for relative evaluation of priorities among the items. The survey, which was conducted for about 1 year and 6 months, examined changes in store employees' perceptions of performance factors before and after the introduction of the ESL system. The results showed that there were differences in high priority items between before and after introduction. This study suggests academic implications in that the AHP technique is used to measure the change in the perception of post-performance and expectation factors for products and services, and this study also suggests practical implications by raising the need for continuous improvement of products and services for customer value propositions that change with the maturity of the experience.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2008

문제: 전자의무기록(EMR) 시행 후 의무기록 정리율의 저하와 질적인 측면에서의 충실성과 정확성에 대한 문제점이 제기되었다. 목적: 전자의무기록의 정리율과 충실성 검토를 통하여 문제점을 파악하고 개선점 찾아 의무기록 정리율을 향상시키고 충실성을 높이고자 하였다. 의료기관: 서울시에 소재한 대학병원 의무기록과 질 향상 활동: 전자의무기록의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 사용자 편의를 위한 EMR 프로그램 수정 및 보완, 진단 수술 관련 작업, 업무개선, 교육, 홍보 등의 활동을 실시하였다. 개선효과: 의무기록 정리율, 전자인증미비, 경과기록 기재일수, 퇴원요약 주진단 적합률, 기록지별 필수항목 기재율, 충실성에서 향상이 이루어졌다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.185-195
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• 2007

목적 : 부신피질 스테로이드약을 포함한 약물치료에도 조절되지 않았던 기관지천식 환자 6 증례에 대하여 침구치료를 행하여，연구방법의 하나인 조건반전법(N-of-1)을 이용하여 침치료의 효과를 검토하였다. 방법 : 연구디자인 : 조건반전법으로 침치료 기간(A기간)과 침치료 휴지기간(B기간)을 서로 반복하였다. A기간은 10주간으로 하고 1주간에 1회의 침치료를행하였다. 실시장소 : 메이지 침구대학부속병원 내과와 부속침구센터 대상 : 기관지천식의 표준적인 약물치료를 행하여도 천식발작이 충분히 개선되지 않았던 중등증에서 중증의 천식환자 6 증례를 대상으로 하였다. 평가 기관치천식에 대한 침치료의 효과를 아래의 항목을 이용하여 평가하였다. (1) 발작상태를 천식일지에 의해 평가 (2) 호흡곤란감을 VAS(Visual Analogue Scale)에 의해 평가 (3) 호흡기능검사 (4) 말초혈호산구수 (5) 스테로이드약의 투여량 (6) 중증도 효과 : A기간에 동시적으로 모든 예에서 천식발작과 호흡곤란감의 개선이 인정되었다. 한편 B기간에서는 6례 중 5례에서 천식발작의 재연이 확인되었다. 또한 천식발작의 개선에 수반하여 모든 예에서 중증도의 개선도 인정되었으며，6례 중 4례에서 스테로이드약의 감량이 가능하게 되었다. 결론 : 약물치료로 조절되지 않았던 기관지천식 환자에 대하여 침치료를 행한 결과, 환자의 천식발작, 자각증상, 호흡기능의 개선에 유효하였다고 생각된다.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.284-296
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• 1999

문자 인식 및 영상 인식 분야의 대부분의 연구들은 이진영상(binary image)을 바탕으로 이루어진다. 하지만, 입력영상에서 보다 많은 정보를 얻기 위해 명도영상(grayscale image) 으로 입력받아 필요한 정보를 추출한후 이진영상으로 변환하여 처리하는 방법도 많이 사용되고 있다. 이런 경우, 명도영상으로부터의 보다 깨끗한 이진영상의 획득 여부는 시스템의 성능과도 밀접한 관계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 대부분의 이진화 방법과는 달리, 실제 이진화를 수행하기 이전에 여러 가지 필터링 기법을 사용하여 영상의 질을 개선시키는 영상개선기법을 사용한후, 기존의 이진화방법을 사용하여 명도영상을 이진화하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 영상의 질을 개선시키기 위해서 BM 필터링, 경게선 개선 필터링, Erosion필터링 방법을 사용하였으며 , 기존의 이진화방법으로는 전역적 이진화 방법중 하나로써 클래스간 분산을 이용한 Ostu 방법[1]을 사용하였다. 다양한 종류의 문서를 대상으로 실험하였는데 평가실험에 사용된 영상은 문서 특성에 따라 균일하지 않은 배경을 가진 영상, 순수하게 텍스트로만 구성된 영상, 선성분이 많으며 명도값이 다양하게 나타나는 영상, 텍스트와 선성분이 함께있는 영상 등 크게 4가지 부류로 구분하였고, 평가대상 영상에 대해 매개변수의 개수, 끊어진/잃어버린 /뭉게진 물체가 적은 정도, 실행속도, 매개변수 결정의 용이성, 잡영이 적은 정도를 평가기준으로 선정한 후, 정량적인 평가가 어려운 항목에 대해서는 9개의 등급으로 나누어 이진화 된 영상의 특성을 분석, 평가하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.20-36
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• 2022

This study aims to provide basic data for high-quality street tree management by setting reasonable management items and appropriate unit prices by reviewing the adequacy of current street tree management. Currently, street tree management items, except for street tree pruning, use general landscape tree quantity per unit for the street tree management quantity per unit. KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) applied pruning items from standard electric production infrastructure and carried out the activities at an average unit price of 51% lower for heavy pruning and 39% lower for light pruning than the standard estimate. This was judged to be a level that could not maintain or increase the quality of street tree management. It was determined that an appropriate standard unit price for street tree management was necessary. To improve the quantity per unit for the proper management of street trees, it was necessary to review costs in the field. However, due to the absence of data on actual construction costs in the domestic landscape field, detailed items of the US RSMeans Building Construction Cost Data (RSMeans) were reviewed, and the actual construction costs were calculated by applying personal domestic expenses. As a result, the standard of the estimated unit showed a good ratio of 107% for heavy pruning of street tree pruning compared to the actual construction cost, but light pruning was underestimated with a 59% ratio. Shrub pruning was 82%, weeding was 92%, tree fertilization was 87%, and windbreak wall installation was 91% under-engineered. In addition, it was also confirmed that the watering by sprinkler trucks and chemical spraying were over-designed compared to the actual construction cost at the rates of 118% and 124%, respectively. Due to the specificity of the street trees, the increase in personal expenses and the input cost of equipment, such as road safety controls, were judged to be the main cause of the underestimation of items. Therefore, it is necessary to add items related to street trees and general landscape trees to the landscape maintenance items of the standard of the estimated unit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

Korea is rapidly becoming an aging society. This study aims to examine the existing conditions of outdoor living environments to assist a healthy lifestyle for senior citizens and to determine the most influential factor in a senior-friendly outdoor space as well as to suggest improvements in existing conditions focused on the prospective senior population. This study relied on two methods: a descriptive method of researching publications and related scholastic writings and an empirical study that included a survey of present conditions and interviews with the prospective seniors and senior citizens in Daejeon. Conditions of outdoor living environments for seniors were found to be more than adequate in general. But some factors evaluated as low must be carefully tailored for seniors. First, the study showed that seniors evaluated as highest the 'use of a walkway' for a stroll and stayed outside for 1~2 hours at a time. Many vehicles parked in walkways were the most inconvenient factors in going for a walk. Second, the study showed that the evaluation of outdoor space was about average and 'sociality' was evaluated as the lowest. Third, the study showed that men evaluated lower than women 4 items: 'use and convenience of a wheelchair', 'night lighting', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'trees'. Respondents above the age of 66 are more uncomfortable with items such as 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail', 'discrimination of signage at nighttime' and 'direction of apartment complex' while respondents above the age of 80 are more uncomfortable with items of 'slippery walking surface', 'stair handrail' and 'discrimination of signage at nighttime'. Fourth, the evaluation by existing housing patterns was statistically significant in 20 of 22 evaluated items. This means that residents in apartment complex evaluated as high these items in general. In this study, existing outdoor living environments for the elderly did not display any immediately serious issues in the overall evaluation items. Assuming, however, that the aging population will quickly increase in the next ten years, items which are evaluated as low in descriptive statistics and items which give inconvenience to the elderly above the age of 80 in particular will need to be the first areas to be improved.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.168-182
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to examine the production processes and methods of "Forest Type Map Actualization Production (Database (DB) Construction Work Manual)" (Work Manual) identify issues associated with the production processes and methods, and suggest solutions for them by applying evaluation items to a 1:5k digital forest type map. The evaluation items applied to a forest type map were divided into zoning and attributes, and the issues associated with the production processes and methods of Work Manual were derived through analyzing the characteristics of the stand structure and fragmentation by administrative districts. Korea is divided into five divisions, where one is set as the area changed naturally and the other four areas set as the area changed artificially. The area changed naturally has been updated every five years, and those changed artificially have been updated annually. The fragmentation of South Korea was analyzed in order to examine the consistency of the DB established for each region. The results showed that, in South Korea, the number of patches increased and the mean patch size decreased. As a result, the degree of fragmentation and the complexity of shapes increased. The degree of fragmentation and the complexity of shapes decreased in four regions out of 17 regions (metropolitan cities and provinces). The results indicated that there were spatial variations. The "Forest Classification" defines the minimum area of a zoning as 0.1ha. This study examined the criteria for the minimum area of a zoning by estimating the divided object (polygon unit) in a forest type map. The results of this study revealed that approximately 26% of objects were smaller than the minimum area of a zoning. The results implied that it would be necessary to establish the definition and the regeneration interval of "Areas Changed Artificially and Areas Changed Naturally", and improve the standard for the minimum area of a zoning. Among the attributes of Work Manual, "Species Change" item classifies terrain features into 52 types, and 43 types of them belong to stocking land. This study examined distribution ratios by extracting species information from the forest type map. It was found that each of 23 species, approximately 53% of species, occupied less than 0.1% of Forested land. The top three species were pine and other species. Although undergrowth on unstocked forest land are classified in the terrain feature system, their definition and classification criteria are not established in the "Forest Classification" item. Therefore, it will be needed to reestablish the terrain feature system and set the definitions of undergrowth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.361-371
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• 2015

This study analyzed the 91 cases of the statements for the Sea Area Utilization Consultation according to the developmental projects of ports and fishery harbors for 2012 2014 and the status of the record of document, and suggested the improvement way to go. The marine environmental timpact assessment items both marine chemistry such as water quality, sediment and marine biology such as benthic animal, plankton, and fisheries show highly rate of site survey. But, the utilization of those data through site survey is too low, and it is necessary to adopt the QA/QC for the reliability of survey data. The items of marine physics such as tide, tidal current analyzed based on references not a site survey. However, the simulation performed actively without calibration and verification compared to the result of site survey. When the projects of port and fishery harbor perform, it is necessary to monitor the physical parameter such as wave, tide and tidal current especially. Based on the scale and the type of project, we need introduce the system of scoping for prediagnosis the key assessment items and checklists.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.301-317
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• 2013

This study investigated general problems concerning the physical education field in the KDC 6th edition based on comparative analysis of academic characteristics and classification system, and suggested some ideas for the improvements of them. Results of this study are is summarized as follows. First, while the academic classification divided items focusing on theoretical disciplines such as physical education, sociology, or business administration, the library classification divided them into details according to sport entries. Second, We examined the classification status of the physical education field of the collection database in the National Library of Korea. The number of physical education field data was 38,585, and of them, that of books having classification codes starting with 692(physical education, sports) was 22,870. This shows that data actually have been published mainly based on academic characteristics rather than sport entries, which causes a problem due to concentration of many data on one classification code. Therefore, this study analyzed keywords around these classification codes. Third, modified classification of items was basically performed through the academic system of the physical education and the keyword analysis, and the typical KDC classification system was maintained as much as possible.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.469-482
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• 2018

This research has developed the criteria and index for systematically and objectively assessing the quality of river water by fixing the various factors that affect Gyeongin ARA waterway's water quality through analysis with the Delphi Technique and analytic hierarchy program (AHP) Method. Based on the results, the highest criteria are, in order of importance, physical and environmental factors 28%, administrative factors 26%, natural fixed factors 26% and finally, cultural and social factors 20%. The three dimensions of the criteria show that for the internal physical and environmental factors, the most important are the loss of self-purification capacity, and the external factors are Gulpocheon and the sludge deposit due to Gyulhweon-weir the bridge. The facility factor in management was affected by the coagulation and waste water disposal facilities. The problem for the policy and institutional factors was seen in the regulatory area. The aquatic ecology/ point pollution source for the natural fixed factors show that it is due to the polluted water of Gulpo-cheon and the living environment/ non-point pollution source is shown through the inflow water from other rivers. Cultural and social factors show that the economical causes were due to the cargo and passenger flight operations and the external factors of having a lack of sewage treatment equipment have an importance effect. In order to estimate the order of priority through logical evidence and objectivity, future research must be continued on the evaluation indexes to measure the specific methodology and technique needed to improve the Gyeongin ARA Waterway.