• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-96
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• 1992

Korean economy has experienced rapid expansion of the service sector at the expense of the manufacturing sector since 1988, which was caused by the wage increase and the appreciation of Won. The government worried about the deindustrialization and the erosion of the international competitiveness, and various measures were taken to enduce labor force into the manufacturing sector. However, this article argues that the expansion of the service sector is inevitable phenomenon in the process of economic development, and the balanced industrial policies are desirable. In addition, the Uruguay Round Service Negotiations require liberalization of the service market and internationalization of the service industries.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2014

Unconventional resources are natural resources which require greater than industry-standard levels of technology or investment to exploit the commercial development. The key point is that unconventional resources are lower quality fuel sources and are not as economically viable as crude oil and conventional gas. Over the past 100 years, Conventional oil and gas has been satisfied with the energy demands. But developing countries such as China and India, the introduction of the developed countries and the surge of energy due to the depletion of unconventional energy resources will be the limelight. According to be analyzed in the academic literature to unconventional gas and oil(2000~2012) by the program of 'web of science', the research activities 402 papers in unconventional gas and 1,581 papers in unconventional oil.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.473-496
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• 2014

This paper intends to test the non-linear relationship between $CO_2$ emissions and income by employing cointegration model of the time-varying income elasticity. We select France, UK, Italy, Japan, US, China, India, Mexico and Korea and use non-parametric time series analysis on each country in order to estimate its own effect of income on $CO_2$ emission. The main results indicate that the $CO_2$ emission-income elasticities vary over time and the income elasticities of the Annex I countries tend to be higher in absolute terms than those of developing countries. In addition, we find that emission-income elasticities decrease for Annex I countries over time, whereas those for developing countries increase.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-148
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• 2007

Foreign outsourcing, otherwise known as off-shoring, has become a matter of intense public debate and great concern in both developed countries and developing countries. Yet, there is a lack of good data on foreign outsourcing since the early 1990's. This paper presents updated measures of foreign outsourcing for the recent period. Its main findings are that the share of foreign-sourced goods in total manufactured inputs almost doubled-from 12.4 percent to 22.7 percent between 1987 and 2003. I then look at the relationship between the measure of foreign outsourcing activity and wages in US manufacturing industries in recent years from 1998 to 2003. The results show that for all workers, the outsourcing level is statistically significantly and negatively associated with industry wage premiums. The estimate suggests that a magnitude of 0.9 - a 9% decrease in industry wage premiums tends to accompany a 10% increase in industry outsourcing level. Outsourcing has a bigger effect on the less-skilled workers-industry outsourcing level increases by 10% and industry wage premiums decrease by about 11% in the case of less-skilled workers.

• The Inventors News
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• no.55
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• pp.1-16
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• 2007

선진국가 선도하는 창의적 여성경제리더 양성하자/발명지도사.시제품제작지원 시행/발행인 칼럼/특허심사처리 세계에서 가장 빠르다/글로벌 기업, 한국 특허청에 심사의뢰 쇄도/국유특허권 온라인 전자계약 시행/특허기술, "기술경매" 로 산다/여성발명인 거유 활동 영역 넓어/감귤와인 특허획득 이어 독일 등 해외 수출 기대/미더덕 냉동 않고도 장기 보관/특허민원서식 대폭 감축/특허청, 개도국 지원사업 대폭 확대/기상청, 날씨예보기술로 특허 받아/우리나라 국제특허출원 수준 세계 6위/건강관련 브랜드 상표출원 증가/친환경수로관 '도룡용 살린다'/고등학교에 첫 발명창작과 개설/욕조, 웰빙 휴식공간으로 자리매김/가습기, 공기정화.탈취.방향 등 다기능화/패치제 특허출원 해마다 증가/일 특허청, 분할출원기간 30일 연장/중 법원, 비아그라 특허군 인정/국내 제약사 유유 "미머크사 특허 침해" 주장/삼성전자, 지난해 미 특허 2천4백53건으로 2위/기업심볼마크는 단순, 상표는 길어져/LG전자 "대우일렉이 드럼세탁기 특허권 침해했다"/유.무선 통합 '원폰 서비스' 기술 개발/암환자 울린 과대광고제품 1백억원대 판매 적발/맥도날드 '해피밀' 광고 퇴출/세원셀론텍, 콜라겐 원천기술 특허/역사 속의 발명품/하루 10분 발명교실/특허Q&A/'S&D Trecap' 황지경 대표/경기도, 여성분야 소상공인창업자금 신설/특허청, 세계지식재산기구(WIPO) 진출확대/아이디어 착상 및 발명 기법/여성발명 활성화만이 국가경쟁력 키우는 첩경/히로자키의 광엽수 진액/해외 네티즌 인기 화제의 발명품들/여성기업 생산제품 MAS시 적격성 평가 면제/특허청, 시작품제작지원 5천만원까지 확대/지난해 짝파라치에게 3억2천3백만원 포상금 지급/입체방송 분야 특허출원 봇물/트랜스지방 퇴출 시민단체 '토트랜스 클럽' 출현/한국여성발명협회 회원사 발명품 가이드/

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.181-213
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• 2014

This study analyzes the approach method for the excavation of the outstanding projects in order to improve the ODA quality in the agricultural sector in a situation of the recent quantitative expansion of the Korea's ODA. This analysis is based on the ODA development paradigm of the international society, Korea's ODA development trends, the problems of system, procedure and contents. The analysis drew five approaches, such as an approach based on the strategies, an approach based on the comparative advantage, an approach based on the partnership, an approach based on the networking, an approach of modeling. If each approach method is applied to the excavation of project closely linked to other approach methods, it would be easier to excavate outstanding project. And it could lead to enhancement of project effectiveness. This study introduced the KAPEX program which excavate the customized ODA projects through the application of these approach methods.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.97-119
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• 2014

This study measures the efficiency of intellectual capital of Korea's banks, financial investment companies, and insurance companies using the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAICTM) model, which was developed by A. Pulic and investigates into the relationship of each of VAIC's elements - efficiency of human, structural, and material capital -with business performance of the institution. we found, first, average VAIC and human capital efficiency(HCE) of Korean financial institutions during 2001 - 2012 were highest among banks, followed by insurance companies and securities firm. Secondly, in general, banks in advanced countries tend to have higher HCE and VAIC compared with the banks of developing countries. Thirdly, Korean financial institutions' HCE and VAIC are lower than those of Australia and even Taiwan and Thailand and have been on the decrease in recent years. This suggests that Korean financial institutions should enhance VAIC and HCE to build-up the international competitiveness.

• 해운
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• s.104
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• pp.9-23
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• 2013

세계경제는 올 2분기 이후 완만한 회복세를 보이고 있다. 선진국 국가부채 문제가 점차 조정되고 있기 때문에 미국, 유로존 등 선진국이 주도하는 세계경기 상승흐름은 내년까지 이어질 전망이다. 다만 세계경기가 회복되는 속도는 빠르지 않을 것으로 예상된다. 미국 양적완화 축소로 국제금리가 오르고 신흥국 및 기업의 자금조달 여건이 악화될 전망이다. 신흥국 자금유출은 내년에도 이어지면서 금융시장 불안요인이 될 것이다. 중국도 투자조정이 지속되면서 전반적으로 개도국 경제의 활력이 과거 경기 회복기만큼 높지 못할 전망이다. 세계경제 성장률은 올해 3.1%에서 내년 3.4%.로 완만한 상승이 예상된다. 세계경제가 회복되면서 국내경기도 상승흐름을 보일 전망이다. 하반기중 정부수요는 줄어들 것이지만 민간부문의 활력이 높아지면서 올해 연간 2.8% 수준의 성장세를 기록할 것으로 전망된다. 수출이 주도하는 경기회복세는 내년까지 이어질 것으로 보인다. 수출증가로 미루어두었던 설비투자가 재개되고 가계소비도 올해보다 증가율이 높아질 전망이다. 다만 국내경기 역시 회복 속도는 빠르지 않을 것이다 선진국 적자 축소 노력으로 자국생산이 강조되면서 세계교역 증가세가 과거만큼 높지 못할 것이다. 금리상승에 따른 가계부채 부담 증가 고령층 소비성향 저하는 소비회복을 제약하는 요인이다. 올해 큰 폭으로 반등했던 건설투자도 정부의 주택공급 축소방안, SOC 예산 삭감 등으로 내년에는 다시 둔화될 전망이다. 내년 국내경제 성장률은 3.6%. 수준에 그칠 것으로 예상된다. 수요확대에 따른 인플레 압력이 커지겠지만 국제원자재 가격이 안정되면서 소비지물가는 2%대 중반 수준을 기록할 전망이다. 고용사정도 올해보다 완만하게 개선되는데 그칠 것으로 보인다. 금리는 지속적인 상승세를 보이면서 기업 자금조달 여건을 어렵게 할 것이다. 경상수지 흑자는 올해 650억달러 수준으로 사상최고치를 기록한 후 내년에도 400억달러를 넘어설 전망이다. 이에 따라 미국 양적완화 축소에도 불구하고 원화는 절상기조를 지속해 내년 원화환율은 평균 달러당 1,060원 수준을 기록할 것으로 예상된다. 다음은 LG경제연구원에서 발표한 "2014년 국내외 경제전망"의 주요 내용을 정리한 것이다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.177-189
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• 2016

Overseas Urban Development is even risky although it is desirable for market-seeking developed countries and developing countries facing urbanization problems. Both sides do not know each other well so that they cannot trust each other to work on this risky projects. This study constructs a frame, which is enhancing trust between developed and developing countries. The first step is to start from small collaborations than a huge project. At the charismatic position, a enterprise from developed country proceeds its first work with its most advanced skills, cooperating with developing countries. By localization with executing projects smaller and easier than urban development project, like constructing facility or buildings, this enterprise can get closer to native elites and get to be supported from native people. And then, they can start huge urban development project. The study begins with trust theory, adding case studies contributing to constructing Cooperative Overseas Urban Development Frame. Five cases were studied and applied by the international urban development framework.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2017

Recently global society has been interested in the alleviation of poverty in the developing countries. Fair trade has gotten lots of attention as the new way to release the poor situation of the developing countries through the favored trade deal. This research endeavored to reveal the problems of fair trade in the context of the subalternity of producers in the developing countries. Fair trade as a social movement has been carried out under the principle of fairness with the partnership between developed and developing countries, pursuing on the sustainable development of the developing countries. However, it has been revealed that fair trade is not the right way to overcome the poverty of developing countries. The main reason for the unfairness of fair trade was due to the developed countries led programs which are very similar to aid programs, thus this study suggests the necessity of producer-led development program as a practical performance of the producers in the developing countries for fair trade. For this development, this research put emphasis on the perceptual transition for development, renewed understanding of market value, development as freedom, and the importance of individuality for local development in the context of postdevelopment.