• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.1
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• pp.323-327
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• 2004

The bubble flow from the wafer surface during plating process was studied in this paper. The plating shape in the opening of photoresist becomes gradated shape in the fountain plating system, because bubbles from the wafer surface are difficult to escape from the deep openings, vias. So, we designed the tilted electrode ring contact to get uniform bump height on all over the wafer and evaluated the film uniformity by SEM and ${\alpha}-step$. In ${\alpha}-step$ measurement, film uniformities in the fountain plating system and the tilted electrode ring contact system were ${\pm}16.6%,\;{\pm}4%$ respectively.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.758-765
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• 1986

The design, fabrication and performance of vertical double diffused power MOSFET (VDMOS) were described. On the antimony (Sb) doped (~7x10**17 cm**-3) silicon substrate (N+), epitaxial layer(N-) was grown. The thickness and the resistivity of this layer were 32\ulcorner and about 12\ulcorner-cm, respectively. The P- channel length which was controlled by sequential P-/N+ double diffuison method was about 1~2 \ulcorner, and was processed with the self alignment of 21 \ulcorner width poly silicon. To improve the breakdown voltage with constant on-resistance (Ron) about 1\ulcorner, three P+ guard rings were laid out around main pattern. With chip size of 4800\ulcorner x4840 \ulcorner, the VDMOS has shown breakdown voltage of 410~440V, on-resistance within 1.0~1.2\ulcornerand the current capablity of more than 5A.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.81-82
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• 1999

풍압력 외의 외부에너지가 필요치 않아 에너지를 절약할 수 있고, 외기를 도입하여 실내를 쾌적하게 유지할 수 있다는 장점으로 인해 자연환기에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 자연환기에 영향을 미치는 인자는 건물의 특성, 외기의 특성 등으로 매우 다양하며, 독립적으로 작용하지 않고 상호연관적으로 작용한다.(중략)

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.25 No.2 (1)
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• pp.9-11
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• 1998

오늘날의 웹 기술은 GUI와 멀티미디어 데이터베이스 이용으로 효율적인 정보 전송과 객체에 대한 이해를 보다 쉽게 하였다. 데이터베이스에 담긴 데이터는 사용자에게 양질의 정보를 제공하고 높은 가치를 창출한다. 그러나. 데이터베이스는 시스템적으로 지속적인 관리 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 지금까지는 결과적으로, 잘 훈련되고 교육받은 사람들만이 관리할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 웹을 통해 데이터베이스를 쉽고 편리하게 관리하는 도구를 구현하여, 변화하는 데이터를 능동적으로 수용하도록 데이터베이스 생성, 갱신, 검색, 삭제 등을 지원한다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

Fluoroquinolones in muscle and egg were separated by liquid extraction and determined. The analysis was carried out using following conditions; C18 column ($150{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$), mobile phase composed of D.W. (containing 0.4% triethylamine and phosphoric acid) : methanol : acetonitrile (780:100:120, v/v/v), quarternary pump at a flow rate of 0.9ml/min and $20{\mu}l$ of injection volume, fluorescence detector with EX 278nm/Em 456nm. The calibration range of seven fluoroquinolones showed linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.999$) at concentration range of $0.025{\sim}0.8{\mu}g/ml$. The recoveries in fortified muscle and egg represented more than 81.3%. The detection limits for ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, saraloxacin and orbifloxacin were 3.1, 2.5, 3.6, 1.7, 0.9, 2.5 and $2.1{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in the sample (chicken muscle 182, cattle muscle 140, pig muscle 139, egg 212) using EEC-plate (E. coli ATCC 11303) screening and HPLC confirmation methods. The screening test results, fluoroquinolones, antibacterial substances were all negative.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.4 No.1
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• pp.366-369
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• 2003

The vertical fountain plating system with the point contact has been used in semiconductor industry. But the plating shape in the opening of photoresist becomes gradated shape, because bubbles from the wafer surface are difficult to escape from the deep openings, vias. So, we designed the tilted electrode ring contact to get uniform bump height on all over the wafer and evaluated the film uniformity by SEM and $\alpha$-step. A photoresist was coated to a thickness of $60{\mu}m$ and vias were patterned by a contact aligner After via opening, solder layer was electroplated using the fountain plating system and the tilted electrode ring contact system. In $\alpha$-step measurement, film uniformities in the fountain plating system and the tilted electrode ring contact system were ${\pm}16%,\;{\pm}3.7%$ respectively. In this study, we could get high uniformity bumps by the tilted electrode ring contact system. So, tilted electrode ring contact system is expected to improve workability and yield in module process.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.299-302
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the content of heavy metals in meats available on the Korean markets. Trace metals (Pb, As and Cd) were detected in 4 kinds, 172 samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The values of heavy metals in meats were as follows; In beef, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.075 (0.020~0.190)mg/kg, As: 0.010 (0.001~0.050)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.07~2.11)${\mu}g/kg$. In pork, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.065 (0.012~0.171)mg/kg, As: 0.004 (ND~0.021)mg/kg and Cd: 0.43(0.08~1.09)${\mu}g/kg$. In chiken, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.060(0.016~0.211)mg/kg, As: 0.008 (ND~0.042)mg/kg and Cd: 0.42 (0.02~3.80)${\mu}g/kg$. In duck, mean (minimum~maximum) values of the heavy metals were Pb: 0.070 (0.011~0.157)mg/kg, As: 0.005 (0.001~0.011)mg/kg and Cd: 0.87 (0.15~3.75)${\mu}g/kg$. This results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of heavy metal in meats.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.223-226
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• 2013

To evaluate the potential risk associated with zoonotic ascarid eggs in educational facilities and public playground in Seoul city, the sand samples collected from April to December in 2011 were examined with a fecal flotation method. Of 5,066 sand samples from 1,367 playgrounds tested, 12 sands from 12 places (0.88%) had ascarid eggs. Sand samples in educational facilities were more contaminated (10/870, 1.15%) with the parasite eggs than those of public playground area (2/497, 0.4%). Fisher's exact tests were used to make pairwise comparisons between which locations were more or less similar with regard to levels of contamination. We didn't find significantly different from one another. Most ascarid eggs detected were found in the Spring. Through this study, we hope to raise awareness of contamination of playgrounds by potentially infectious ascarid ova.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2011

Rabies virus is transmitted most commonly through a bite from an infected dog. Especially, stray dogs that are not excluded from contact with rabid wild animals can become rabies vectors. Therefore, serological survey of rabies virus from stray dogs in Seoul Metropolitan City was carried out in this study. To investigate prevalence of rabies antibodies in the stray dogs, serum samples were taken from 500 stray dogs between April and December 2010. Antibodies to rabies virus were detected by indirect ELISA. Of 500 tested sera, 147 (29.4%) were positive to rabies virus. Prevalence rates of rabies antibodies(PRRA) in northern and southern Han river region of Seoul were 26.4% and 33.2% respectively. PRRA in male and female dogs were 33.6% and 26.1% respectively. PRRA in less than 1 year, 1~2< years, 2~3< years, 3~5< years, 5~10< years and over 10 years old dogs were 12.7%, 21.6%, 26.4%, 36.4%, 32.5% and 46.4%, respectively. These results indicates that antibody seroprevalence to rabies is still not enough to prevent rabies and rabies vaccination is required to enhance the seroprevalence in the dogs. To improve the situation, measures to raise public awareness of rabies and its prevention is needed. Also, reducing stray dogs and keeping companion animals from contact with wild animals are indispensable for the prevention of rabies.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1991

상온에서 사용할 수 있는 감마선 검출 소자로서 $HgI_2$ 소자의 응용성을 판단하기 위하여 기상 성장법으로 $HgI_2$ 단결정을 성장시켰고 이를 이용하여 검출 소자를 제작한 후 감마선 검출 특성을 조사하였다 성장된 단결정의 비저항과 전하 운반자 포획 밀도는 상온에서 각각 $10^{11}{\Omega}\;cm$와 $1.8{\times}10^{14}/cm^3$였으며 단결정의 Photoluminescence를 측정한 결과 성장된 $HgI_2$ 단결정의 밴드갭의 온도계수는 20K부터 77K에서 $-1.53{\times}10^{-4}eV/K$였다. 감마선 검출실험 결과 제작된 $HgI_2$ 검출 소자는 상온에서 우수한 계수 특성과 시간에 대한 선형적 축적 계수 특성을 나타내었으나 온도변화에 따라 계수의 특성의 변화는 심하였다.