• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.935-942
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• 2018

Precipitation has a wide range of applications, such as the management and operation of dams and rivers, supply of dranking water for urban and industrial complex, farming and fishing, forest greening, and safety management. In order to prepare for disasters and to obtain economical effects in case of flood damage, it is necessary to measure accurate precipitation. In this study, we carried out the characteristics tests for various types of rainfall gauge using integrated verification system, which can analyze the performance of collective type rainfall gauge. The uncertainty for tipping bucket rain gauge was 0.0041 mm, where weight type and surface tension type was 0.0045 mm and 0.0039 mm respectively. Therefore, the uncertainty according to the type and characteristics of the precipitation system is not significantly different. The uncertainty is also influenced greatly by the resolution.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.2745-2752
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• 2013

The tipping-bucket and weight measuring type precipitation gauge has long been used worldwide for measuring rainfall. However, the conventional gauge has observation errors and its measurement range is limited by the device's resolution. In this paper, a new type of precipitation gauge that uses an innovative method by applying a new ultrasonic flow measuring technique was developed. This is the first time this technique is being used to gauge rainfall. The prototype was tested in the laboratory designated by the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (KOLAS). The rainfall intensity condition was 20~420 mm/H and the Standard Correction System for Precipitation Gauges was used. Results of the laboratory experiment showed that the proposed gauge has a ${\pm}2%$ margin of error. Consequently, it was proven that the proposed gauge is quite accurate and reliable for measuring precipitation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.461-470
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• 2023

The purpose of this research is to derive the optimal temperature, location, and heating control system for a tipping bucket rain gauge heating system used for observing snowfall during winter. We conducted indoor and outdoor experiments by manufacturing a tipping bucket rain gauge that can be variably controlled for heating at the funnel, exterior, and interior, and indoor and outdoor. The indoor experiments involved using a temperature and humidity chamber to compare the performance and derive the appropriate temperature of the precipitation gauge heating system. Subsequently, the outdoor experiments were carried out at the Cloud Physics Observation Center located in Daeguallyeong, heavy snowfall region, to validate the findings. The analysis result was derived that the heating temperature of the funnel should be set at the 10 to 30℃, while the internal heating temperature should be 70℃. Furthermore, the optimal locations for the heating devices, which aim to minimize measurement delay, were identified as the exterior of the rain gauge, the rim of the funnel, and the vertical surface of the funnel. Our result shows that used as the basis for the operating conditions of precipitation gauge heating systems for solid precipitation measurement in winter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.595-597
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• 2018

Precipitation has a wide range of applications, such as the management and operation of dams and rivers, supply of dranking water for urban and industrial complex, farming and fishing, forest greening, and safety management. In order to prepare for disasters and to obtain economical effects in case of flood damage, it is necessary to measure accurate precipitation. In this study, we carried out the characteristics tests for various types of rainfall gauge using integrated verification system, which can analyze the performance of collective type rainfall gauge. The uncertainty for tipping bucket rain gauge was 0.2887 mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the uncertainty is calculated differently depending on the characteristics of the rainfall gauges. The uncertainty is also influenced greatly by the resolution.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2018

기후변화로 악화되는 수문기상 환경에서 돌발홍수 예보, 짧은 지속기간(5분)의 확률강우량 생산 등을 위해서는 짧은 관측 주기의 강수량 생산 고려 필요하다. 지상강수량은 1분 간격으로 생산(기상청)하고 있으나 공간적으로 보다 정밀한 레이더 강수량은 기상청 10분, 국토교통부 2.5분 간격으로 생산하고 있는 현실이다. 연속으로 누적하여 강수량을 측정하는 강수량계와는 달리 레이더의 관측방식은 순간 관측 방식으로 회전 속도 혹은 주기에 따라 강수량이 달라질 수 있다. 특히 홍수예보를 위한 강수관측이 주목적인 국토교통부 강우레이더의 경우 최근의 돌발홍수 발생 빈도가 높아짐에 따라 초단시간(2분 이내) 강수량 생산의 필요성도 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 관측 주기에 따른 관측 강수량 오차(불확실도) 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 샘플링 방법을 이용하여 10분까지의 레이더 관측주기에 따른 1시간 누적강수량을 산정하고, 이를 이용하여 관측 주기에 따른 지상강수량계(AWS)와의 상관계수(correlation coefficient) 및 정규화오차 정확도(1-NE)를 분석하였다. 분석결과 샘플링 주기의 증가에 따라 오차가 증가하는 것으로 나타나, 강수량 추정의 정확도가 중요한 홍수예보를 위해서는 짧은 주기의 관측(짧은 주기의 강우량 생산)이 정확도 확보 측면에서 유리할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.514-523
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• 2021

Using the precipitation data observed at the Gochang Standard Weather Observatory (GSWO) during the winter seasons from 2014 to 2016, we analyzed the precipitation characteristics of the winter observation environment. For this study, we used four different types of precipitation gauges, i.e., No Shield (NS), Single Alter (SA), Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR), and Pit Gauge (PG). We analyzed the data from each to find differences in the accumulated precipitation, characteristics of the precipitation type, and the catch efficiency according to the wind speed based on the DFIR. We then classified these into three precipitation types, i.e., rain, mixed precipitation, and snow, according to temperature data from Gochang's Automated Synoptic Observing System (ASOS). We considered the DFIR to be the standard precipitation gauge for our analysis and the cumulative winter precipitation recorded by each other gauge compared to the DFIR data in the following order (from the most to least similar): SA, NS, and PG. As such, we find that the SA gauge is the most accurate when compared to the standard precipitation gauge used (DFIR), and the PG system is inappropriate for winter observations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.259-259
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• 2023

강수량자료는 기초 수문자료의 하나로서 자료 수집시 기록방식에 따라 자료의 정확도가 달라질 수 있다. 주로 많이 사용되는 기록방식은 정시 기록방식이지만 실제 강수계에서는 강수이벤트의 기록이 먼저 이루어진다. 정시 기록 방식은 관측을 하기로 정해 놓은 시각(정시)에 강수계에 집계된 강수량을 읽어 그대로 기록하는 방식이고, 강수이벤트의 기록은 최저관측해상도에 도달하는 강수가 발생한 시각을 기록하는 방식이다. 동일한 강수가 발생하더라도 기록 방식에 따라 이후에 분석에서 다른 결과를 보여줄 수 있다. 특히 확률강수량 산정에 불확실성을 키우는 방향으로 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이러한 기록방식에 따른 불확실성을 분석하기 위해 강우모의 발생기법을 이용하여 대규모의 강우를 모의하고 이를 앞서의 두 가지 기록방식으로 기록한 후 기록된 자료를 이용해 확률강수량을 산정하고 기록으로 변환하지 않은 자료를 직접 이용하여 확률강수량을 산정하는 방법으로 각 방법의 불확실성을 비교해 보았다. 또한 측정의 최소단위를 변화시켜 기록한 다음 다시 분석하여 측정의 최소단위가 기록방식에 따라 어떻게 불확실성에 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 이러한 결과가 향후 강수량의 기록 관리방법의 개선에 반영된다면 좀 더 정확한 수문 분석에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.1053-1064
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• 2022

The Thiessen method, which is the current area average precipitation method, has serious structural limitations in accurately calculating the average precipitation in the watershed. In addition to the observation accuracy of the precipitation meter, errors may occur in the area average precipitation calculation depending on the arrangement of the precipitation meter and the direction of the heavy rain. When the watershed is small and the station density is sparse, in both simulation and observation history, the Thiessen method showed a peculiar tendency that the average precipitation in the watershed continues to increase and decrease rapidly for 10 minutes before and after the peak. And the average precipitation in the Thiessen basin was different from the rainfall radar at the peak time. In the case where the watershed is small but the station density is relatively high, overall, the Thiessen method did not show a trend of sawtooth-shaped over-peak, and the time-dependent fluctuations were similar. However, there was a continuous time lag of about 10 minutes between the rainfall radar observations and the ground precipitation meter observations and the average precipitation in the basin. As a result of examining the ground correction effect of the rainfall radar watershed average precipitation, the correlation between the area average precipitation after correction is rather low compared to the area average precipitation before correction, indicating that the correction effect of the current rainfall radar ground correction algorithm is not high.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2016

The study of ecosystem service assessment has been actively researched and developed from Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA) and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity(TEEB). However, current assessments are limited to monetary assessments of ecosystem function and do not account for the effects of environmental factors and socioeconomic status. This study proposes methods to evaluate ecosystem service based on environmental and socioeconomic factors. The study assesses water yield function through the water yield model in InVEST Tool, and evaluates the overall ecosystem service of water yield as reflected by the amount of precipitation and population of the area. Results show that a difference exists between spatial distributions of the ecosystem function of water yield derived from natural conditions such as land cover and soil, and the spatial distribution of the ecosystem service that accounts for climate and socioeconomic factors. The value of ecosystem service increases for an area of higher population and lower precipitation with similar water yield. Thus, the ecosystem service of water yield should be evaluated not only by the water yield function, but also by climate and socioeconomic factors. The evaluation process described for this study should also be applicable to the evaluation of ecological services in other sectors.

• Water for future
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.59-64
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• 2012

강수량관측소의 주변여건은 강수량자료의 신뢰도를 좌우할 만큼 중요하며, 이러한 강수량 자료는 낙동강홍수통제소의 수문조사, 홍수예보, 레이더 강우의 검보정 등의 기초자료로 다양한 분야에서 이용되고 있다. 그러나 낙동강홍수통제소가 관리 중인 강수량관측소의 주변 환경 여건 변화로 관측 자료의 신뢰도 저하의 우려가 있고 기후변화 등에 따른 돌발홍수, 국지적 강수로 인한 관측소의 설치 위치의 재검토가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 낙동강홍수통제소가 관리 중 강수량관측소의 현황조사 및 개선방안을 제시하여 신뢰도를 제고하고, 낙동강유역을 대표할 수 있는 관측망을 분석하여 강우자료의 신뢰성 및 정확도를 확보하는데 그 목적이 있으며, 개정된 하천법에 맞는 수문조사시설 관리대장을 체계적으로 DB화하여 편리하고 신속하게 대국민 및 관련 업무담당자에게 제공하는 정보체계를 수립하는데 있다.