• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.2954-2966
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• 1994

The characteristics and good corrosion resistance at room and elevated temperatures led to increasing application of Ti-alloys such as aircraft, jet engine, turbine wheels. In forging of Ti-alloy at high temperature, die chilling and die speed should be carefully controlled because the flow stress of Ti-alloy is sensitive to temperature, strain and strain-rate. In this study, the forging of turbine disk was numerically simulated by the finite element method for hot-die forging process and isothermal forging process, respectively. The effects of the temperature changes, the die speed and the friction factor were examined. Also, local variation of process parameters, such as temperature, strain and strain-rate were traced during the simulation. It was shown that the isothermal forging with low friction condition produced defect-free disk under low forging load. Consequently, the simulational information will help industrial workers develope the forging of Ti-alloys including 'preform design' and 'processing condition design'. It is also expected that the simulation method can be used in CAE of near net-shape forging.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.2113-2122
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• 1994

The 3-D FEM analysis for simulating the stamping operation of planar anisotropic sheet metals with arbitrarily-shaped tools is introduced. An implicit, incremental, updated Lagrangian formulation with a rigid-viscoplastic constitutive equation is employed. Contact and friction are considered through the mesh-normal, which compatibly describes arbitrary tool surfaces and FEM meshes without depending on the explicit spatial derivatives of tool surfaces. The consistent full set of governing relations, comprising equilibrium equation and mesh-normal geometric constraints, is appropriately linearized. The linear triangular elements are used for depicting the formed sheet, based on membrane approximation. Barlat's non-quadratic anisotropic yield criterion(strain-rate potential) is employed, whose in-plane anisotropic properties are taken into account with anisotropic coefficients and non-quadratic function parameter. The planar anisotropic finite element formulation is tested with the numerical simulations of the stamping of an automotive hood inner panel and the drawing of a hemispherical punch. The in-plane anisotropic effects on the formability of both mild steel and aluminum alloy sheet metals are examined.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.165-173
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• 1996

The dimensional accuracy of a final product is mainly affected by elastic die deformation during the forging and elastic recovery after the ejection in cold forging process. The investigations on elastic recovery are not so much as those of elastic die deformation. The elastic recovery can be determined by using the elastic-plalstic finite element analysis, but, this method has some limits such as poor conver- gence and long computational time, etc. In this paper, a theoretical analysis for predicting the elastic recovery of a final product in axi-symmetric forging process by using the rigid-plastic finite element method is presented. The rigid-plastic finite element analysis of a cold forward extrusion process involving loading, ejecting process is accomplished by rigid-plastic FE code, DEFORM. The effect of elastic die deformation on the final product dimenmsion is also considered. The calculated elastic recovery is compared is compared with the analysis result of elastic-plastic FE code. ABAQUS.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.228-239
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• 2008

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the strain induced in the cortical bone surrounding an orthodontic microimplant during insertion. Methods: A 3D finite element method was used to model the insertion of a microimplant (AbsoAnchor SH1312-7, Dentos Co., Daegu, Korea) Into 1 mm thick cortical bone with a pre-drilled hole of 0.9 mm in diameter. A total of 1,800 analysis steps was used to simulate the 10 turns and 5 mm advancement of the microimplant. A series of remesh in the cortical bone was allowed to accommodate the change in the geometry accompanied by the implant insertion. Results: Bone strains of well higher than 4,000 microstrain, the reported upper limit for normal bone remodeling, was observed in the bone along the whole length of the microimplant. At the bone in the vicinity of the screw tip, strains of higher than 100% was recorded. The insertion torque was calculated at approximately 1.2 Ncm which was slightly lower than those measured from the animal experiment using rabbit tibias. Conclusions: The insertion process of a microimplant was successfully simulated using the 3D finite element method which showed that bone strains from a microimplant insertion might have a negative impact on physiological remodeling of bone.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.829-837
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• 1992

This paper presents a new approach for the analysis of hot strip rolling processes. The approach is based on the finite element method and capable of predicting velocity field in the strip, temperature field in the strip, temperature field in the roll, and roll pressure. Basic finite element formulations for heat transfer analysis are described with emphasis on the treatment of numerical instability resulting from a standard Galerkin formulation. Comparison with the theoretical solutions found in the literature is made for the evaluation of the accuracy of the temperature solutions. An iterative scheme is developed for dealing with strong correlations between the metal flow characteristics and the thermal behavior of the roll-strip system. A series of process simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of various process parameters including interface friction, interface heat transfer coefficient, roll speed, reduction in thickness, and spray zone. The results are shown and discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.485-488
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• 2005

Most metals are polycrystalline material whose deformation is dominated by the slip system. During the deformation process, orientation of slip systems is rearranged with preferred orientations, leading to deformation-induced crystallographic texture which is called deformation texture. Depending on the texture development, the property of material can be changed. The rate-independent crystal plasticity which is based on the Schmid law as a yield function causes a non-uniqueness in the choice of active slip systems. In this work, to avoid the slip system ambiguity problem, rate-independent crystal plasticity model based on the smooth yield surface with rounded-off corners is adopted. In order to simulate the polycrystalline material under plastic deformation, we employ the Taylor model of polycrystal behavior that all the grains are assumed to be subjected to the macroscopic velocity gradient. Rigid-plastic finite element program based on this rate-independent crystal plasticity is developed to predict the grain-level deformation behavior of FCC metals during metal forming processes. In the finite element calculation, one integration point is considered as a crystalline aggregate which has a number of crystals. Macroscopic behavior of material can be deduced from the behavior of aggregates. As applications, the extrusion processes are simulated and the changes of mechanical properties are predicted.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.876-888
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• 1986

The Study is concerned with the analysis of unconstrained axisymmetric piercing as a nonsteady forging process by the rigid-plastic finite element method. In the numerical analysis of axisymmetric piercing, the initial velocity field is generated by assuming the material as a linear viscous material to begin with in order to facilitate the input handling and to ensure better convergencey. The strain-hardening effect for nonsteady deformation and the friction of the die-material interial interface are considered in the formulation. Rigid body treatment is also incorporated in the developed program. The experiments are carried out for aluminum alloy specimens (A1204) with different specimen heights. It is shown that the experimental results are in excellent agreement with the finite element simulations is deformed configuration. For load prediction the theoretical prediction shows excellent agreement with th eexperimental laod in the initial stage of loading before fracture of the specimen is not initiated. Distribution of stresses, strains and strain rates has been found for the given cases in computation. On this basis several fracture criteria are introduced in order to check the fracture initiation. It is found that maximum shear criterion is capable of good fracture prediciton.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.67-67
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• 2003

자동차, 항공기, 산업기계, 운반기계, 철도차량, 공작기계 등 거의 모든 산업부문에서 사용되는 베벨기어의 냉간단조 공정 및 금형 설계를 위한 해석을 수행하였다. 소성가공에 의해 생산된 베벨기어는 기계적 성질이 우수하여 동력 전달장치의 수명연장 및 신뢰성, 소형화 등을 달성할 수 있으며 생산 원가 절감의 효과가 크기 때문에 냉간 단조의 공정설계는 매우 중요하다. 베벨기어의 단조에 대한 상계해석 결과는 금형 설계 시 프레스에 필요한 단조하중을 예측할 수 있으므로 프레스의 최적성형과 안전한 금형 설계를 도모할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 베벨기어의 냉간 단조시의 내부 동적 가용속도 장을 제시하였고 단조하중, 금속유동 등을 계산하였다. 또한 강소성 유한요소해석을 동시에 수행하여 제시한 동적 가용속도장의 적절성을 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 베벨기어의 적절한 냉간 단조 성형공정 및 공정설계를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.22-28
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• 2000

By using the finite element method, the Oyane's ductile fracture integral I was calculated from the histories of stress and strain according to every element and then the forming limit of hydroforming process could be evaluated. The fracture initiation site and the forming limit for two typical hydroforming processes, tee extrusion and bumper rail under different forming conditions are predicted in this study. For tee extrusion hydroforming process, the pressure level has significant influence on the forming limit. When the expansion area is backed by a supporter and bulged, the process would be more stable and the possibility of bursting failure is reduced. For bumper rail, the ductile fracture integral i is not only affected by the process parameters, but also by the shape of preforming blank. Due to no axial feeding on the end side of the blank, the possibility of cracking in hydroforming of the bumper rail is influenced by the friction condition more strongly than that of the tee extrusion. All the simulation results show reasonable plastic deformation, and the applications of the method could be extended to a wide range of hydroforming processes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.644-652
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• 2002

Increasing demands for Electric Resistance Welded pipes of high quality with thick wall require c lose investigations in edge deformation by slitting, strip deformation during break down farming, and difference of circumferential length. In order to obtain good quality of a welding zone, it is necessary to predict the edge shape of the initial strip. The modeling of the multi-pass thick tube roll forming process with rigid plastic finite element method ultra the edge shape prediction of an initial strip with 2nd-degree polynomial regression method are presented. Edge shapes of initial strip have been analyzed by the finite element method and designed by the regression method to satisfy the requirements in target fin pass. It is concluded that the proposed edge design method results in optimal edge shapes sat string the design requirements.