• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.153-184
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the effects of emotional labor level on the level of job satisfaction and library information service provision in public libraries. The research model used emotional labor levels as an independent variable; job satisfaction and level of library information service provision as a dependent variable; and organizational culture as a control factor. The data were collected randomly from 220 librarians of public libraries in Seoul by distributing and collecting internet surveys. Reliability analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, multiple regression analysis, and regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 18.0 program. The statistic hypothesis test results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, public library librarians did not like to express their emotions to users, trying to express their emotions more positively than what they were actually feeling. Second, although librarians experience emotional labors, they feel a sense of achievement when undertaking their tasks and develop pride and happiness in their work. As librarians perceive their work professional, they overcome emotional labors, and have pride in their work. Third, although librarians experience emotional labors, a reasonable job evaluation with goals, and their relationships with colleagues would lead to accomplishment in their work. In addition, although the evaluation of employees is focused on performance, librarians improve their service if library users are satisfied with their service and the services are provided adequately.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.481-489
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• 2016

This study examined the relationships among stress, childhood traumatic experience, ego-resilience, and life satisfaction of university students to explore the moderating effects of ego-resilience on those variables. The survey participants were 459 university students in Gyeonggi province. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression, and moderated multiple regression by SPSS. The results were as follows. Stress, childhood traumatic experience and ego resilience had correlations with the life satisfaction. Ego resilience and stress were significant effective variables on the life satisfaction. Moderated multiple regression analysis also showed that a positive future orientation, which is a sub factor of ego-resilience, influenced the stress level. Based on these findings, it is important to lower the stress levels to increase the students' life satisfaction level. To do so, a strategy to enhance the positive future orientation is recommended.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2012

Rapidly growing sales amount and the number of discount stores caused many side effects and sensitive issues in Korea. Because these severe competition due to more expensive cost just like excessive increase in advertising and location selection, and these caused completely ruined small merchants as well as passed on to the consumer. This Study focused on competitiveness of discount store in Korea to the perspective of college students, as explored the relationships between marketing communication and store loyalty. And, examined for two moderating effect, 1) consumers' value separated by hedonic value and utilitarian value between marketing communication and store loyalty, and 2) consumers' value separated by hedonic value and utilitarian value between marketing communication and consumption emotion. Finally, this study examined for mediating effect of consumption emotion between marketing communication and store loyalty. In order to verify the relationship, moderating and mediating effects, data were collected from 130 college students in Whasung, Gyeonggi Province to test theoretical model and its hypotheses. Findings are as followed : First, analysis showed that factors such as advertisement(β =.221, p<.05), publicity(β =.513, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.234, p<.01), word of mouth(β =.627, p<.01) and physical environment(β =.339, p<.01) for marketing communication in the discount store have statistically significant positive effect on store loyalty. But the result of regression analysis for which factors are more impact in marketing communication between store loyalty showed that word of mouth(β =.53, p<.01) is only statistically significant. Second, publicity(β =-.895, p<.05), the sub-dimension of marketing communication shows only statistically significant negative moderating effect on store loyalty. But, the results of the moderating effect of value between marketing communication and consumption emotion verified that utilitarian value show statistically significant, specifically advertisement(β =.294, p<.01), physical environment(β =.418, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.245, p<.01), word of mouth(β =.414, p<.01) and publicity(β =1.137, p<.05), respectively. And hedonic value show statistically significant, specifically advertisement(β =.286, p<.01), physical environment (β =.418, p<.01), sales promotion(β =.236, p<.01) and word of mouth(β =.420, p<.01), respectively. But publicity(β =.145, p=.119) is not statistically significant. Finally, the results verified mediating effect for consumption emotion between all factors for marketing communication and store loyalty showed that factors such as advertisement, publicity, word of mouth and physical environment for marketing communication except sales promotion were statistically significant fully mediated in advertisement, and partially mediated in publicity, word of mouth and physical environment. This testified that the consumption emotion had the most important factor to enhance store loyalty to the perspective of College students. These results can provide important implications and invaluable tips for planning marketing strategies and gaining access to new potential customers. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.83-110
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• 2010

Dissatisfied customers may express their dissatisfaction behaviorally. These behavioral responses may impact the firms' profitability. How do we model the impact of self regulatory orientation on emotions and subsequent customer behaviors? Obviously, the positive and negative emotions experienced in these situations will influence the overall degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the service(Zeelenberg and Pieters 1999). Most likely, these specific emotions will also partly determine the subsequent behavior in relation to the service and service provider, such as the likelihood of complaining, the degree to which customers will switch or repurchase, and the extent of word of mouth communication they will engage in(Zeelenberg and Pieters 2004). This study investigates the antecedents, consequences of negative consumption emotion and the moderate effect of attribution processing in an integrated model(self regulatory mode → specific emotions → behavioral responses). We focused on the fact that regret and disappointment have effects on consumer behavior. Especially, There are essentially two approaches in this research: the valence based approach and the specific emotions approach. The authors indicate theoretically and show empirically that it matters to distinguish these approaches in services research. and The present studies examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns(Locomotion orientation and Assessment orientation) with making comparisons on experiencing post decisional regret and disappointment(Pierro, Kruglanski, and Higgins 2006; Pierro et al. 2008). When contemplating a decision with a negative outcome, it was predicted that high (vs low) locomotion would induce more disappointment than regret, whereas high (vs low) assessment would induce more regret than disappointment. The validity of the measurement scales was also confirmed by evaluations provided by the participating respondents and an independent advisory panel; samples provided recommendations throughout the primary, exploratory phases of the study. The resulting goodness of fit statistics were RMR or RMSEA of 0.05, GFI and AGFI greater than 0.9, and a chi-square with a 175.11. The indicators of the each constructs were very good measures of variables and had high convergent validity as evidenced by the reliability with a more than 0.9. Some items were deleted leaving those that reflected the cognitive dimension of importance rather than the dimension. The indicators were very good measures and had convergent validity as evidenced by the reliability of 0.9. These results for all constructs indicate the measurement fits the sample data well and is adequate for use. The scale for each factor was set by fixing the factor loading to one of its indicator variables and then applying the maximum likelihood estimation method. The results of the analysis showed that directions of the effects in the model are ultimately supported by the theory underpinning the causal linkages of the model. This research proposed 6 hypotheses on 6 latent variables and tested through structural equation modeling. 6 alternative measurements were compared through statistical significance test of the paths of research model and the overall fitting level of structural equation model and the result was successful. Also, Locomotion orientation more positively influences disappointment when internal attribution is high than low and Assessment orientation more positively influences regret when external attribution is high than low. In sum, The results of our studies suggest that assessment and locomotion concerns, both as chronic individual predispositions and as situationally induced states, influence the amount of people's experienced regret and disappointment. These findings contribute to our understanding of regulatory mode, regret, and disappointment. In previous studies of regulatory mode, relatively little attention has been paid to the post actional evaluative phase of self regulation. The present findings indicate that assessment concerns and locomotion concerns are clearly distinct in this phase, with individuals higher in assessment delving more into possible alternatives to past actions and individuals higher in locomotion engaging less in such reflective thought. What this suggests is that, separate from decreasing the amount of counterfactual thinking per se, individuals with locomotion concerns want to move on, to get on with it. Regret is about the past and not the future. Thus, individuals with locomotion concerns are less likely to experience regret. The results supported our predictions. We discuss the implications of these findings for the nature of regret and disappointment from the perspective of their relation to regulatory mode. Also, self regulatory mode and the specific emotions(disappointment and regret) were assessed and their influence on customers' behavioral responses(inaction, word of mouth) was examined, using a sample of 275 customers. It was found that emotions have a direct impact on behavior over and above the effects of negative emotions and customer behavior. Hence, We argue against incorporating emotions such as regret and disappointment into a specific response measure and in favor of a specific emotions approach on self regulation. Implications for services marketing practice and theory are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2016

The everyday life of police officers requires them to face a number of criminal acts and enter compromising crime scenes. In this case, officers may be compelled to make a personal expression of negative emotions. Negative emotions of members confidence for effective job processing and contributions duties and achievement of the job within the marine police force. Therefore, to control the emotive dissonance of organization members is a great help to the development of the organization. This study focuses on emotional dissonance among marine police officers to verify the impact of this dissonance on job burnout and consider the mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Research results are as follows: First, the relationship between emotional dissonance sub-factors and job burnout among marine police officers was studied. It was found that marine police did not feel emotionally jarred because they consciously tried to abstain from emotional engagement, but this was found to reduce emotional intelligence as related to desired emotions as well. Second, Emotional intelligence of the Marine Police was found on a significant impact on job burnout. Third, the impact of emotions in relation to emotional dissonance that job burnout of marine police intelligence officials confirmed that there is a statistically significant mediating effect. Finally, in a comparison of direct effects versus mediated effects, marine police were seen to be prone to emotional dissonance and experienced job burnout as a direct result of applying greater emotional intelligence.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.285-299
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• 2008

This study examined the moderating role of self-control and emotion regulation in the relationship between academic stress and mental health among Korean adolescents. The Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS) was used as sample data with a total of 3121 $11^{th}$ grade students involved in this study. Hierarchical multiple regression was applied to test the moderation model following Baron & Kenny's (1986) model. Results revealed that self-control (for male adolescents) and emotion regulation (for female adolescents) played the role of moderators in the relationship between academic stress and mental health problems. Academic stress proved to have a negative effect on mental health of adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.258-266
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among negative emotion, emotion suppression, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Hospital Nurses. Method: The participants were 155 registered nurses working in 1 hospital in Seoul. Data were obtained by self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from October 1 through October 9, 2010. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe's test and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The influencing factors for organizational commitment of hospital nurses were job satisfaction, position, total clinical career, and negative emotion. These variables explained 56.6% of the variance of the organizational commitment. Conclusion: These results indicate that improving job satisfaction is the best way to enhance nurses' organizational commitment and thus, a need to improve the job satisfaction of hospital nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.3003-3010
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• 2015

In this study, consumer to use digital media is investigated on media engagement, Brand Attachment, Brand Relations Affect and Brand Loyalty of relation. also analyzing the mediating effect of brand relations affect and brand influence in the relationship between media engagement and brand attachment step has its purpose. Data analysis result showed that media engagement is significant effect on Brand Relations Affect and Brand Attachment, Brand relations Affect and Brand Attachment is significantly effected on the brand loyalty. And mediating Effect of brand Relation Affect was investigated by adjusting role between media engagement and brand attachment. Media engagement and brand relations, the influence of the brand attachment, brand relations affect has a greater effect.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 2019

Current research explores the effect of language on the perception of facial emotion as suggested by the psychological construction theory of emotion by using a psychophysical method. In this study, we hypothesize that the perception of facial expression may be influenced if the observer is shown an affective word before he/she judges an expression. Moreover, we suggest that his/her understanding of a facial emotion will be in line with the conceptual context that the word denotes. During the two experiments conducted for this project, a control stimulus or words representing either angry or happy emotions were briefly presented to participants before they were shown a target face. These target faces were randomly selected from seven faces that were gradually morphed to show neutral to angry (in Experiment 1) and neutral to happy (in Experiment 2) expressions. The participants were asked to perform a two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task to judge the emotion of the target face (i.e., decide whether it is angry or neutral, or happy or neutral). The results of Experiment 1 (when compared with the control condition) showed that words denoting anger decreased the point of subjective equality (PSE) for judging the emotion of the target as anger, whereas words denoting happiness increased the PSE. Experiment 2, in which participants had to judge expressions on a scale from happy to neutral, produced a contrasting pattern of results. The outcomes of this study support the claim of the psychological construction theory of emotion that the perception of facial emotion is an active construction process that may be influenced by information (such as affective words) that provide conceptual context.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1120-1133
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to validate the failure attribution factors affecting emotional changes after a failed service by local restaurant users, and the relapse effects of the perceived failure of a customer's brand relationship. In this study, the implications of this study can be divided into the null theory and the homogenous theory, in which the study of the relationship between individual belief that influences the null theory and the post-gender emotional response is minimal. The independence of the crash response (angerous VS compassion) has been equally validated as building a belief-gathering-emotion three-step model. First, emotional BRQ (intimate and love) has a reduction effect on controllable geeks, and behavioral BRQ (relative existence) has an extended effect on controllable geeks. From a management perspective, restaurant managers should be less aware of the repeatability of a customer's service failure and call for customer sympathy. Integratedly, restaurant managers must control the customer's perception of service failure and restore the impact of the customer's BRQ on emotional reactions. A variety of service recovery measures should be established and the cerumen should be controlled. In addition, since BRQs have different effects on anger and sympathy (extended VS), different service failure recovery plans should be presented depending on the characteristics of the customer BRQ. For example, measures such as monetary compensation or fair dealing, emotional distribution to close and loving customers, and persuasion of reciprocal benefits to interdependent customers should be developed according to circumstances. This study explored the effectiveness of the geeks after a service failure and has limitations that do not take into account the various regulatory factors in the BRQ-return-Empression process. Thus, in further studies, the effects of adjusting service failure strength should be considered and a more complete model should be built.