• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Children with incomplete Kawasaki disease (KD) and pyuria may be misdiagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI) during the early phase of the prodrome. We investigated the percentage of UTI diagnoses preceding a KD diagnosis. Methods: Using the National Health Insurance data of South Korea, we assessed differences in UTI diagnoses made during the week preceding a KD diagnosis, according to demographic and geographic factors from November 2007-October 2019. Results: A total of 53,822 KD cases were identified, including 304 patients (0.56%) diagnosed with a UTI during the week preceding a KD diagnosis. The younger age group (0-11 months) showed the highest percentage of preceding UTI diagnoses (0.95%), with higher odds than 4-year-old children (3.12; 95% confidence interval, 2.05-4.77). Conclusions: These findings suggest a potentially misleading presentation of incomplete KD, a clinical conundrum requiring further investigation and validation, particularly in infants.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2010

Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is an important nosocomial infectious diarrhea and is associated with antibiotic use. Recently, incidence of C. difficile has been increasing in hospitals. A total of 1,329 stool specimens were examined from January, 2005 to December, 2008. This study analyzed the incidence and clinical characteristics of C. difficile infections on them. Out of 1,329 stool specimens, 283 specimens showed toxin A/B positive, using EIA. The positive rate was 21.2%; with the highest incidence among and above the 70years old. On endoscopy, psedo membranous colitis was found in 57.7%, and 19.5% of patients were normal. Pathologic finding showed PMC in 26.8% of patients, AAC in 52.2%. C. difficile was associated with PMC, however, endoscopic and pathologic findings tests showed normal to PMC.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2012

Purpose : Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion is an important treatment modality in children with hydrocephalus. VP shunt infection is a major complication and an important factor that determines the surgery outcome. This 15-year study was performed to evaluate the epidemiology of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients treated at our center. Methods : A retrospective review of medical records was performed in patients 18 years old or younger who underwent VP shunt insertion surgery from April 1995 to June 2010. Results : Three hundred twenty-seven VP shunt surgeries were performed in a total of 190 pediatric patients (83 females, 107 males). The median age of the patients was 2.4 years (range, 0.02-17.9 years). Having a malignant brain tumor was the most frequent cause for VP shunt insertion. The shunt infection rate was 6.7% (22/327) per 100 operations and 9.5% (18/190) per 100 patients, and the incidence rate was 0.45 infection cases per 100 shunt operations-year. The most common pathogen was coagulase-negative staphylococcus (n=7) followed by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=1). Ten cases were treated with vancomycin and beta-lactam antibiotic (cephalosporin or carbapenem) combination therapy and 7 cases were treated with vancomycin monotherapy. The median duration of antibiotic treatment was 26 days (range, 7 to 58 days). Surgical intervention was performed in 18 cases (18/22, 81.8%). Conclusion : Epidemiologic information regarding VP shunt infections in pediatric patients is valuable that will help guide proper antibiotic management. Additional studies on the risk factors for developing VP shunt infections are also warranted.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.259-264
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to determine whether dermal mast cell responses to Parasoninn westemoni in an abnormal host, the mouse, were dependent on the site of metacercarial inoculation. In mice during subcutaneous infection, the number of der- mal mast cells were increased significantly (p<0.05) at the first week ($38.3/\textrm{mm}^2$) and then persisted at a high level until the sixth week ($45.2/\textrm{mm}^2$) of infection compared with PBS- injected (control) mice (range: $19.4-25.1/\textrm{mm}^2$). In mice during oral infection, the number of dermal mast cells were increased significantly (p<0.05) at two weeks ($33.5/\textrm{mm}^2$) after infection and remained at these levels thereafter compared loth non-infected (control) mice (range: $17.4-22.3/\textrm{mm}^2$). In mice both during subcutaneous and oral infection, the recruited dermal mast cells showed extensive degranulation at the second week (68.4%) and 60.7%, respectivelyl, reached a peak at the third week (81.4%, and 92.1%, respectively) and then declined slightly thereafter. By contrast, in both control mice, about 10% of dermal mast cells were degranulated. In conclusion, this study suggests that dermal mast cell responses to p. westemcni in mice are dependent on cutaneous sensitization by larval excretory-secretory antigens, irrespective of infection route.

• 건강소식
• /
• v.39 no.9
• /
• pp.20-21
• /
• 2015

우리나라는 다른 나라에 비해 위장질환의 유병률은 높은 편이지만 위궤양의 주요원인으로 꼽히는 헬리코박터 감염률이 지속적으로 감소하면서 위궤양 유병률은 줄어들고 있는 추세다. 하지만 안심할 단계는 아니다. 과음, 과식, 흡연 등의 잘못된 생활습관이 여전한 이상, 위궤양의 위험 또한 여전할 수밖에 없기 때문이다.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.122-129
• /
• 2020

The possibility that an asymptotic coronavirus-19 infected person around the world is not aware of his infection and can spread it to people around him is still a very important issue in that the public is not free from anxiety and fear over the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, the K-means clustering algorithm and deep learning-based crowd aggregation were proposed to determine the possibility of contact with confirmed cases of infectious diseases. As a result of 300 iterations of all input learning images, the PSNR value was 21.51, and the final MAE value for the entire data set was 67.984. This means the average absolute error between observations and the average absolute error of fewer than 4,000 people in each CCTV scene, including the calculation of the distance and infection rate from the confirmed patient and the surrounding persons, the net group of potential patient movements, and the prediction of the infection rate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 1993

Monthly changes in the occurrence and infection levels of a parasitic copepod Acanthochondria yui(Poecilostomatoida, Chondracanthidae) on a gobiid fish Acanthogobius flavimanus were studied for a year from April 1990 to March 1991. This parasite was not found on the fish for four months from September to December. Prevalence of the parasite increased from $2.9\%$ in January to $88.9\%$ in June. Relative density and mean intensity also increased from January to June. Prevalence of A. yui increased with host size. A. flavimanus samples were never found carrying A. yui larvae of three copepodid stages(CI to CIII), although a few CIV and CV larvae were identified from April and May samples. This indicates that A. flavimanus was not the sole host of A. yui. Adult females and copepodites of A. yui were usually found in the gill arch($74.8\%$) and gill filament($80.6\%$), respectively. This suggests that copepodites select the gill filament as the most suitable place on their host A. flavimanus, and the adult females move toward the gill arch.

• 보건세계
• /
• v.47 no.1 s.521
• /
• pp.12-15
• /
• 2000

HIV 감염자가 병원에 입원하며 의사가 가장 먼저 생각하는 일은 어떤 기회감염으로 이런 증상을 갖게 되었을까 하는 것이다. 생각할 수 있는 병도 많고 생각해야 할 병도 많지만 그 중에서도 가장 먼저 떠올리게 되는 것이 결핵이 아닌가 한다. 우선 빈도면에서 비교적 흔하고, 임상증상도 정상인과 같지 않은 점이 많아서 혼돈을 일으키는 경우가 많다. 림프종을 생각할 만큼 크고 빠르게 자란 목의 덩어리도 조직검사를 하면 결핵성 림프절염인 경우가 있고 복강내 림프절이 커지거나 뇌막염을 일으키기도 한다. 결핵약으로 치료를 하는 경우에도 해열되는데 기간이 많이 필요하고 치료 도중에 약화되는 경험을 하기도 하였다. 우리나라에서 발표된 보고에서도 서울대학교에서 발표한 173명의 환자들에서 가장 흔한 기회감염은 결핵이었다. 25$\%$의 환자에서 결핵이 발생하였으며, 환자 100명당 1년 동안의 결핵 발생률은 9.6이었다. 면역부전이 진행할수록 이 빈도는 증가한다고 보고한 바 있다. 따라서 HIV감염자를 관리, 치료하는 경우에는 결핵에 대한 충분한 이해가 필요한데 얼마전 New England Journal of Medicine에 HIV감염자에서의 결핵이라는 제목으로 발표된 자료가 있어 이를 정리하였다. 여러모로 도움이 되는 내용이지만 우리나라에서 사용할 수 있는 약제에 한계가 있고 BCG예방접종을 하기 때문에 피부반응 검사로 결핵발생을 예측하기도 어렵다는 점을 고려하면 모든 내용이 우리나라의 현실에 적용되는 것은 아니다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.40 no.5 s.274
• /
• pp.341-350
• /
• 2007

Background: We present here the early and midterm surgical results for infective endocarditis and we especially focus on the effect of aggressive reconstruction or root implantation after wide debridement. Material and Method: Between January 1995 and Jun 2006, we enrolled 79 adult infective endocarditis patients who underwent surgical treatment. There were 63 and 16 native and prosthetic valve endocarditis cases, respectively. They included 27 cases of culture negative endocarditis. With performing valve replacement or repair, 28 of the patient underwent a more aggressive surgical option, for example, aortic root replacement or reconstruction, or heart base reconstruction etc. Result: There were statistical relationships between the in-hospital mortality and staphylococcal infection, urgent-based operation and operation during the active phase of endocarditis. Wide debridement and aggressive reconstruction were not related to either the post operative mortality or the early morbidity. Culture negative endocarditis was not related to the postoperative mortality and morbidity. Conclusion: Physicians must pay attention to patients' medical treatment during the preoperative period of the infective endocarditis. If surgery is considered for treating infective endocarditis, it should be performed before the downhill course of the disease so that the surgical outcome is improved. Wide debridement and more aggressive reconstruction are also warranted.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.196-204
• /
• 2011

Virus diseases occurring on cucumber was surveyed at main plantation areas of 'Sangju' and 'Gurye' in 2006 and 2007. Viral infection rate on cucumber was ranged from 14% to 90% in fields and the average infection rate was 46% at Sangju area. Cucumber cultivated at Gurye area had viral incidence ranged 9-100% and averaged 48%. The majorly infected viruses were Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ring spot virus and Watermelon mosaic virus-2, and their infection rates were 23.5%, 13.0%, 9.0% and 2.0%, respectively in 2006 and 2007. Mixed infection rate of duplex, triplex and tetraplex was 31.5%, 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The rate of infection type was 47.7% by single infection, 31.5% by double infection and 88.7% by both infection types. Important viruses involved in mixed infection types were Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, Papaya ring spot virus and Broad been wilt virus2, orderly. Symptom in single infection was almost same on 'Dadagi' line and 'Chicheong' line of cucumber cultivars. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus produced various symptoms of chlorotic spot, vein chlorosis and vein wrinkle and so on. Main symptoms of vein chlorosis, and severe mosaic and malformation were induced by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus. Mild symptoms were occurred relatively by Papaya ring spot virus and Watermelon mosaic virus2.