• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.419-428
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• 2017

In an embedded system, modules exchange data by interacting among themselves. Exchanging erroneous resource data among modules may lead to execution errors. The interacting resources produce dependencies between the two modules where any change of the resources by one module affects the functionality of another module. Several investigations of the embedded systems show that interaction faults between the modules are one of the major cause of critical software failure. Therefore, interaction testing is an essential phase for reducing the interaction faults and minimizing the risk. The direct and indirect interactions between the modules generate interaction faults. The direct interaction is the explicit call relation between the modules, and the indirect interaction is the remaining relation that is made underneath the interface that possesses data dependence relationship with resources. In this paper, we investigate the errors that are based on the indirect interaction between modules and introduce a new test criterion for identifying the errors that are undetectable by existing approaches at the integration level. We propose a novel approach for generating the interaction model using the indirect interaction pattern and design test criteria that are based on different interaction errors to generate test cases. Finally, we use the fault injection technique to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 1993

Cytokine은 여러 가지 세포성 면역을 발현시키는 작용물질로서, 혹은 체액성 면역에 있어서 그 조절기능에 관여하는 작용물질로서 주목을 받고 있으며, 그 대부분은 직접적이거나 간접적으로 감염이나 종양에 대한 생체방어기구에 대하여 중요한 역할을 갖는 것이 밝혀지고 있다. Cytokine의 생체내에서의 역할은 감염 방어기구에 관여하고, 항종양 면역에 관여한다. 최근에는 cytokine과 내분비계의 호르몬이 상호작용을 하고 있다는 것이 밝혀지고 있다. 내분비계의 gormone과 cytokine 간에는 일방향성이 아니라 이방향성의 상호작용이 있다고 말할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

가상환경에서의 실재감을 증대시키는 방법 중에 하나는 상호작용을 이용하는 방법이다. 즉, 사용자가 가상환경에 변화를 줄 수 있게 하여, 사용자와 가상환경 사이의 결속감을 통해, 사용자가 가상환경 속에 있는 듯한 느낌을 주는 것이다. 그러나, Architectural Walkthrough 혹은 Navigation 시스템은 기능적으로 가상객체와에 affordance 와 그 밖의 interactivity cue를 적용하여 사용자로 하여금 시각적으로만 상호작용감을 유발하게 하여, 사용자의 실재감을 높이기 위한 방법에 대한 것이다. 두 개의 가상환경에 대하여 아무런 visual cue가 없는 경우, 텍스트를 이용한 직접 표현 방법, 객체가 simulation 된 trace 그리고 affordance cue 등 총 4가지 방법들, 즉 총 8가지 실험 조합에서 사용자가 느끼는 상호작용성과 실재감을 측정하였는데 interactivity유도를 위한 간접적인 visual cue가 쓰였을 경우 통계적으로 유의하게 상호작용성 및 실재감이 증대하는 결과를 보여주었다. 이는 적은 모델링만의 노력으로, 실제 인터액션에 대한 구현 없이 가상환경에서 어느 정도의 실재감을 높일 수 있는 방법을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 1997

It has been shown that there are four information demensions which have positive influence on perceived utility of information. Subsequently, I have investigated the antecedents of these four information dimensions. The quality of the relationship, interpersonal characteristics and interaction have positive influence on marketing information quality. In addition, Marketing personnel interpersonal characterstics have positive influence on relationship quality. Integration has positive influence on interaction between marketing personnel and R&D personnel. Finally, Organizational climate has positive influence on interpersonal characteristics and integration between marketing function and R&D function.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.369-370
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• 2020

최근 크로스 미디어 이용의 확대로 일방적으로 제품의 정보를 받아들이던 수동적인 소비자는 직접 정보를 찾아보는 능동적 소비자로 바뀌었다. 따라서 대중들은 단순히 방송을 시청만 하는 것이 아니라 방송 중에 나오는 인물, 스토리, 제품 등에 대한 다양한 정보를 함께 소비하고 있다. 하지만 시청에 사용되는 디바이스와 검색에 사용되는 디바이스가 달라 불편함이 있고 방송과 검색의 시점의 차이로 대중들은 간접광고를 접한 후 대상제품의 구체적인 정보를 얻는데 어려움이 있다. 또한 제품회사는 간접광고를 접한 시청자들의 반응을 통한 간접광고의 효과를 입증하기 어렵다. 이 논문에서는 간접광고에서 제품 정보의 즉각적 검색을 지원하는 인터렉티브 동영상 플랫폼을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해 시청자는 본 방송을 시청하는 도중 관심이 가는 제품이 나왔을 때, 이벤트를 주어 화면 속 제품의 구체적인 정보를 빠르게 제공받을 수 있고 제품회사에서는 인터렉티브한 시청자의 반응을 제공받아 간접광고에 대한 효과를 확인할 수 있도록 한다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.311-330
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• 2013

This study investigated the relationships of preschool children's interactive peer play, stimulated home environment, and mother-child interaction. A total of 255 children were selected in this study. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlations and covariance structural analysis by using SPSS and AMOS, a statistical program for structural equation modeling. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, interactive peer play was associated with stimulated home environment and mother-child interaction. Second, the results confirmed the pathway from stimulated home environment via mother-child interaction to interactive peer play showing a significantly good model fit. The paths from stimulated home environment to children's interactive peer play were mediated by mother-child interaction.

• 한국IT서비스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2002

소프트웨어 개발 프로젝트에 대한 위험관리(risk management) 이론을 근거로, 소프트웨어 품질, 요구사항 불확실성, 통제표준화, 상호작용에 대한 5개의 가설이 설정되었고, 3개의 SI 회사로부터 117개 표본이 추출되어서 구조방정식모형에 의해서 실증적으로 검증되었다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 요구사항 불확실성과 통제 표준화는 소프트웨어 품질에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않고, 사용자-프로젝트 팀 간의 상호작용에 직접적인 영향을 미치며, 이를 통해서 소프트웨어 품질에 간접적인 영향을 미친다. 그럼으로, 요구사항 불확실성이 낮을수록, 그리고 통제 표준화가 높을수록, 사용자-프로젝트 팀 간의 상호작용은 높아져서 궁극적으로는 소프트웨어 품질이 높아진다고 해석할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.427-433
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• 2021

This study examined the influence of child care teachers' playfulness on teacher-child interactions. The mediating influence of the teacher's efficacy on these relationships was also examined. The study subjects were 293 child care teachers in Busan and Gyeongnam. The collected data were analyzed with a structural equation model to verify the structures and paths among the variables overall. The results were as follows. First, teachers' playfulness directly affected the teacher-child interactions. Second, the teacher's efficacy had a direct effect on the teacher-child interactions. Third, teachers' playfulness not only influenced the teacher-child interactions directly but also influenced teacher-child interactions through the teacher's efficacy. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the influence of child care teachers' playfulness on teacher-child interactions mediated by the teacher's efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2011

Satisfactory e-learning experience of working part-time adult students is a truly dynamic and multidimensional process that reflects learning needs and abilities. Special attention is given to understanding the role of student-to-faculty interaction, student-to-student interaction, e-learning content and course structure, flow, periodic off-line class meetings and synchronous Q&A sessions. Survey questions were developed and distributed to adult graduate students. Some of them were asked to complete the questions with the most interesting subjects or classes in their mind, and others with the most difficult subjects in their mind. The structural model for each group was tested. The values of path coefficients corresponding to the group with the difficult subjects turn out to be higher for the following paths; a) interaction among professors and students and satisfaction, b) contents quality and flow, c) Q&A and interaction among professors and students, d) Q&A and interaction among students. For the other paths such as interaction among students and satisfaction, contents structure and flow, the coefficient values corresponding to the group with the interesting subjects are higher. Some implications for e-learning design were provided as well.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate whether joint effects between family allergy history and environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) by parents were associated with pediatric asthma and wheezing. Methods: The study objects of this study were 2301 element school students and their parents in an urban-rural areas of Gyeonggi-do. Pediatric asthma and wheezing were identified by measures of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaires. We investigated history of parental allergy, ETS, and other socioeconomic status of both parent. Data were analyzed using logistic regression methods. Results: After adjusting other variables, children with maternal asthma history were more likely to be reported life time wheezing (OR: 3.79 95%CI:2.43-5.90), recent wheezing (OR:4.09 95%CI:2.28-7.38), and diagnostic asthma (OR:2.61 95%CI: 1.44-4.75). Paternal asthma history increasing risk of life time wheezing (OR 2.01 95%CI:1.19-3.38) and recent wheezing (OR:2.38 95%CI:1.24-4.56). Joint effect between parental allergy history and ETS significantly effected on child's life time wheezing and recent wheezing. The risks of life time wheezing (OR:2.47 95%CI:1.64-3.717) and recent wheezing (OR: 2.51 95%CI:1.34-4.69) were significantly higher than others without both factors. The risk of recent wheezing of children with maternal recent smoking and parental allergy history (OR:4.83 95%CI:1.89-12.33) was higher than their counterpart. Conclusions: The result of this study implies that children with family allergy history and passive smoking are more likely to be get asthma and wheezing than children with family allergy history and non-passive smoking. This study provide the object information to increase the efficiency of non-smoking campaign and education for decreasing pediatric asthma risk.