• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.86-88
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• 2012

코드 포인터 공격을 이용한 제어 흐름은 실행 중에 간접 분기의 무결성을 검사하는 것으로 보호할 수 있다. 간접 분기는 반복되는 목적지 주소로의 분기인 경우가 많지만, 목적지 주소는 실행 시간에만 알 수 있기 때문에 여러 가지 예외적인 상황을 적절히 대처할 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 동적 이진 계측화를 활용하여 실행 중 발생하는 간접 분기를 분석하고, 수집한 주소들을 빠르게 비교하는데 효과적인 주소 비교 기법들을 제시한다. 또한 각 기법을 비교하여 프로그램에 따라 주소 비교의 효율성을 극대화하는 방안을 모색하였다. 이러한 기법을 통해 간접 분기가 야기하는 여러 문제점에서부터 보안 분야에 이르기 까지 활용 범위를 넓힐 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.341-349
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• 2009

This study compares the relative effectiveness of affective factor(Ad attitude) and cognitive factor(Brand cognition) on brand attitude among three ad types - direct comparative, indirect comparative, and noncomparative ads. The results showed that in direct comparative advertising context the brand cognition is dominant in determining brand attitude. In indirect comparative advertising context brand cognition is also dominant in determining brand attitude, but the difference is less than direct comparative advertising. In noncomparative advertising context the ads attitude is dominant in determining brand attitude. According to research outcomes, it could be said that direct comparative advertising is more effective than indirect comparative advertising.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.899-908
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• 1997

본 글에서는 소형 압축기 셸과 같은 비교적 복잡한 기계 구조물의 간접적 입력 측정에 대한 결과 및 직접 측정과의 비교를 기술하였고 다수 응답의 동시 측정에 따른 문제점을 해결코자 기준점을 이용한 전달함수의 측정 방법을 제시 하였다. 하부 빈 셸에 대한 실험 결과, 압축기의 셸과 같은 비교적 복잡한 구조물에 대해서도 간접 입력 측정을 상당한 신뢰성을 갖고 시도할 수 있으며 특히 공진점이나 영점 부근에서의 추정 오차는 측정점의 갯수를 증대시킴으로써 크게 개선 시킬수 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.88-98
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• 2016

The Korean summer is hot and humid, and air-conditioners consume considerable amounts of electricity. In such cases, the simultaneous use of indirect evaporative coolers may help reduce the sensible heat and save electricity. In this study, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of indirect or regenerative evaporative coolers made from plastic/paper are investigated. The results showed that heat and mass transfer model based on the ${\epsilon}-NTU$ method predicted the indirect evaporation efficiencies, cooling capacities and pressure drops adequately. Both for indirect or regenerative evaporative cooler, the indirect evaporation efficiency increased with increasing dry channel inlet temperature or relative humidity. The indirect evaporation efficiency of the regenerative evaporative cooler was larger than that of the indirect evaporative cooler.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

This study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of home-linked indirect smoking prevention education in early childhood in improving the awareness, skills, attitudes and willingness to protect themselves from smoking. 208 5-year-old children were recruited from three kindergartens located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Children in the experimental group received home-linked indirect smoking prevention education. Children in the comparative group, received indirect smoking prevention education in kindergarten. Children in the control group received general health education. The results revealed that all groups showed significant differences between pretest and posttest in awareness of second-smoke, attitudes and willingness to stop smoking. However, the skills to protect oneself from second-smoke showed a significant difference in the experimental group and the comparative group. The values of changes among the groups showed high increases in the order of experimental, comparative, and control groups. This shows that home-linked education had considerable positive effects on indirect smoking prevention.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.101-117
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• 2013

This study compares the relative effectiveness of affective factor(Ad attitude) and cognitive factor(candidate cognition) on candidate attitude among three ad types - direct comparative, indirect comparative, and noncomparative ads. The results showed that in direct comparative advertising context the candidate cognition is dominant in determining candidate attitude. In indirect comparative advertising context candidate cognition is also dominant in determining candidate attitude, but the difference is less than direct comparative advertising. In noncomparative advertising context the ads attitude is dominant in determining candidate attitude. According to research outcomes, it could be said that direct comparative advertising is more effective than indirect comparative advertising in political advertising area.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.163-182
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• 2006

본 연구는 장기투자자인 생명보험사 및 연기금의 투자다변화 일환으로 장기투자의 성격에 부합하고 안정적이며 높은 수익이 기대되는 대체투자 중 사회간접자본 자산에 대한 투자방안을 연구목적으로 하여 다음의 분석결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 생명보험사와 연기금의 금융부문 수익률과 사회간접자본 투자수익률을 비교한 결과 사회간접자본 투자는 변동성이 큰 주식에 비하여 위험은 낮고 안전자산인 채권에 비해서는 상대적으로 높은 수익률을 나타내었다. 둘째, 생명보험사 및 연기금이 사회간접자본 투자에 참여할 경우 사회간접자본 투자에 대한 정부의 수입보장 및 국내 인프라 사업의 사업수익률 수준과 타기관의 목표수익률 등을 종합적으로 고려할 때 15% 수준의 투자수익률이 적합할 것으로 보인다. 다만 최근 국내 주요 사회간접자본 사업의 투자수익률을 볼 때 국가관리사업과 자체관리사업 모두 투자수익률이 낮아지고 있는 추세이므로 장기적으로 이러한 추세를 반영하여 목표수익률의 재조정이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 셋째, 현실적인 간접투자상품의 한계 및 직접투자시의 비용절감효과 등으로 대규모투자자의 경우 전문성을 확보하여 직접투자방식의 참여를 고려할 수 있으며 중소규모투자자의 경우 시장상황 및 위험을 고려하여 펀드를 조성하여 투자하는 것을 고려할 수 있다. 그리고 중장기적으로는 세계적인 추세에 따라 국내 사회간접자본 간접투자 시장이 활성화되고 규모가 커지게 될 것으로 예상되는 바, 간접투자방식을 적극적으로 검토하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.697-703
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• 2023

In this study, a modified indirect evaluation method was developed to predict the deterioration level of water pipes. The accuracy of the modified method was verified by comparing it with the direct method. The weights of index were adjusted by reducing the weight of water quality corrosion, soil corrosion, lay depth and road type according to the importance of the existing evaluation factors and adding the weight of pipe thickness. In the results, the weight of pipe thickness was determined to be 0.1530. Comparing with the direct evaluation method, the accuracy of the modified indirect evaluation method increased by 31.03% compared to the indirect evaluation method. The modified indirect evaluation method will be able to select relatively old pipes more accurately and efficiently than the existing indirect evaluation method when prioritizing the improvement of old water pipes.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

We discuss confidence intervals for sensitive binomial attributes obtained by a direct question method and indirect question method. The Randomized Response Technique(RRT) by Warner (1965) is an indirect question method that uses a randomization device to reduce the response burden of respondents. We used the mean coverage probability (MCP), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean expected width (MEW) to compare the confidence intervals by the two methods. The numerical comparisons indicated found that the MEW of RRT is too large and the RRT is so conservative that the MCP exceeds a nominal level(${\alpha}$); therefore, it is necessary to complement these problem in order to increase the utility of the indirect question method.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.115-127
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• 2009

Objectives: To compare alcohol secondhand effects among US and Korean students. Methods: Nationally representative 4-year colleges of two countries were involved in this cross-national comparison study. Data from the 2001 U.S. College Alcohol Study and the 2003 Korean College Alcohol Study came from 120 colleges in 38 U.S. states and the District of Columbia and 60 colleges in Korea. Randomly selected 4-year college students from the U.S. (10,924) and Korea (2,385) participated in the study using self-reports of alcohol use and perceptions of drinking as assessed by College Alcohol Study questionnaires. Results: Korean students were tend to more likely to have being a victim of sexual assault or date rape, having to take care of drunken students and finding vomit in the hall or bathroom of residence, than US students, while US students were tend to more likely to have being insulted or humiliated, having a serious argument and quarrel, being pushed, hit, or assaulted, having study/sleep interrupted, and experiencing an unwanted sexual advance than Korean students. Conclusion: In general, US students were more likely to suffer interrelationship problems after drinking while Korean students were more likely to have physical and individual drinking related problems.