• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship among children's perception of parenting style, their social anxiety, aggression, and school adjustment. A total of 267 children(male 117, female 150) and 10 homeroom teachers participated. Each child completed questionnaires on perception of parenting style, and social anxiety. Children's aggression and school adjustment was measured by their homeroom teachers' reports. The results of the structural equation model showed that children's perception of parenting style high in rejection and control significantly influenced aggression as well as school adjustment, but didn't influence social anxiety. Both parenting style high in rejection and control and aggression had significant effect on school adjustment. Our results showed that parenting style high in rejection and control directly influenced school adjustment, and mediated by their aggression.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.720-729
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• 2005

In this paper, we design the indirect adaptive controller using Wavelet Neural Network(WNN) for unknown nonlinear systems. The proposed indirect adaptive controller using WNN consists of identification model and controller. Here, the WNN is used in both Identification model and controller The WNN has advantage of indicating the location in both time and frequency simultaneously, and has faster convergence than MLPN and RBFN. There are several training methods for WNN, such as GD, GA, DNA, etc. In this paper, we present the Extended Kalman Filter(EKF) based training method. Although it is computationally complex, this algorithm updates parameters consistent with previous data and usually converges in a few iterations. Finally, ore illustrate the effectiveness of our method through computer simulations for the Buffing system and the one-link rigid robot manipulator. From the simulation results, we show that the indirect adaptive controller using the EKF method has better performance than the GD method.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.95-136
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• 2013

Using Workplace Panel Survey of 2005, 2007 and 2009 waves, this study estimates the effects of trade unions on employment and the proportion of irregular workers, short-term and part-time workers, and agent temporary and outsourced workers. While the estimation result shows that the percentage of hired workers increases under union presence, these results seem to be contaminated with bias because the differences between unionized firms before union establishment and non-unionized firms are not completely controlled even after adjusting for observed characteristics. Meanwhile, unionized firms and non-unionized firms with grievance procedures employ higher proportion of irregular workers. The proportion of short-term and part-time workers increases only when they are entitled to join trade unions. These imply that the rise in the percentage of irregular workers due to unions and grievance procedures is attributed to the increase in the percentage of agent temporary and outsourced workers. Also, when short-term and part-time workers are allowed to join the union, the firm replaces agent temporary and outsourced workers with short-term and part-time workers, so that the proportion of irregular workers do not change.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.931-938
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• 2015

In the study, epistemological beliefs, metacognition, and scientific inquiry skills all directly affected the science academic achievement levels of high school students. Also, epistemological beliefs indirectly affected science academic achievement mediated by scientific inquiry skills and metacognition, while metacognition had an indirect effect on science academic achievement level mediated by scientific inquiry skills. We found that scientific inquiry skills had the biggest direct effect, while epistemological beliefs showed the most robust indirect effect on academic achievement level. Thus, we argue that students' scientific inquiry skills should be nurtured for the advancement of their academic achievement. In addition, more careful scholarly attention must be given to both epistemological beliefs and metacognition, which directly and indirectly affected academic achievement level. We believe that epistemological beliefs, metacognition, and scientific inquiry skills should all be considered in an integrative manner when developing educational programs and strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.36C no.12
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

This paper describes the design of fuzzy digital PID controller using simplified indirect inference method. First, the fuzzy digital PID controller is derived from the conventional continuous time linear digital PID controller. Then the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification using SIM in the design of the fuzzy digital controller are discussed in detail. The resulting controller is a discrete time fuzzy version of the conventional digital PID controller, which has the same linear structure, but are nonlinear functions of the input signals. The proposed controller enhances the self-tuning control capability, particularly when the process to be controlled is nonlinear. When the SIM is applied, the fuzzy inference results can be calculated with splitting fuzzy variables into each action component and are determined as the functional form of corresponding variables. So the proposed method has the capability of the high speed inference and adapting with increasing the number of the fuzzy input variables easily. Computer simulation results have demonstrated the superior to the control performance of the one proposed by D. Misir et al.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-76
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• 2006

This study is to examine relationship between immersiveness aspect and the recognition of garners who are exposed to PPL (Product Placement Advertisement) in online game. The frequency of exposure, the placement type of PPL, the perception under the threshold of consciousness and the interest at the product and knowledge about PPL have been widely known as the factors of effectiveness in PPL advertising. In this study, 'immersiveness' is newly introduced to investigate the effectiveness of PPL advertising due to the unique characteristics of game which easily leads to immersion. Control group is exposed to movie clip and experimental group to lacing online game. In conclusion, the deep immersion has reduced the perception level of user on PPL except the variable of PPL placement. This study suggests that how to design the PPL placement in game for enhancing marketing effect is all the more vital, in spite of the result that the player in high immersion cannot distinguish different images.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1A
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

In concrete structural design provisons, two methods are normally provided to control deflection; direct method and indirect method. It is more efficient to use the indirect deflection control by which the span/depth ratio is limited not to exceed an allowable deflection limit. Because actual deflections are affected by many causes, it is complicated to evaluate actual deflections. In this study, limit span/depth ratios are derived from the deflection calculated directly at the serviceability limit state in RC members. The deflection is obtained from using average curvature, which depends on materials model used. The main variables examined are tension stiffening effect, concrete strength, cross section size and compressive steel ratio. It could be appeared that more analytical consistency is secured to use the 2nd order form of tension stiffening effect. And the limit span/depth ratio is dependent on material strength, tensile and compressive steel ratio but it is independent on cross-section size.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

Designer creates new design alternatives using acquisition of visual information in design process. Which is more effectiveness to acquire in directive visual information or in-directive visual information\ulcorner In this research we would like to find out that the relation of character in visual information and design alternatives. So to A subjects, we give them to see directive visual information to make visual mental imagery, to B subjects, we give them to see in-directive visual information to make it. In this experiment they must crate telephone design. C subjects must evaluate this design alternatives by questions composing scale in distinction and elegant. After a experimentation, It is true that we make hypothesis that distinct two subjects in distinction and elegant. Though elegant is opposite with hypothesis. So to make elegant design. it is import to concentrate cognitive ability. Accordingly it proves that in-directive visual information is effective for new type design stage in design process and directive visual information is effective for new style design stage in design process.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.3 s.19
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• pp.114-119
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• 2004

A road is an infrastructure that helps boost up growth of local economy, connections among local communities and living conditions. For South Korea the increase in infrastructures like roads now concentrates on specific regions, which causes regional imbalance. also, some areas are faced with the overall weakness of local economy such as decrease in local tax revenues, slowdown in industrial and economic growth of regions, and the low independence of local finances because lack of roads, a basis of local economic growth, make big and smaller business reluctant to invest in localities. In addition, even though the power-centralized age turns to a decentralized age, the preference of development policies by the existing economic size rather than those of nationwide balanced development gets the economic gap of localities deeply-rooted; moreover, disparity of local wealth has a tendency to even differentiate the overall quality of living. The paper intends to analyze relations between road development and local economy focused on road construction, one of requisites to balance national development and accelerate local economy.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2012

The indirect-contact ECG measurement is a newly developed method for unconstrained and nonconscious measurement in daily Life. This study is the first step to reducing the large background noise appearing in indirect-contact ECG. This study built the thermal noise model of capacitively coupled active electrode which is used in indirect-contact ECG. The results show that the level of thermal noise estimated by the thermal noise model is much the same as that of actual background noise for the capacitively coupled active electrode alone. By applying the actual electrical properties of a sample cotton cloth to the thermal noise model, the theoretical level of thermal noise in the indirect-contact ECG was estimated. The results also show that the level of op-amp's intrinsic noise is so small that it can be negligible in comparison with thermal noise of resistors. The relationship between the level of thermal noise and the resistance of the bias resistor was derived, and it is the base for the further study how to choice the optimal resistance for the bias resistor.