• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.331-335
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• 2006

The effectiveness of Palmarosa and Neroli essential oil on dry skin of rat induced by kitchen detergent are investigated. The experimental groups were divided the control group (C), group treated with surfactant (A1), group treated with Palmarosa (A2), group treated with Neroli (A3), group treated with Palmarosa and Neroli (A4). The protein analysis of all experimental groups was performed with SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and observation of epidermis and the alteration of mast cell were performed with photomicroscope. According to the protein analysis, the A3 group treated with Neroli essential oil was appeared the most similar with the control group. And then the A4 group treated with Palmarosa + Neroli essential oil was appeared the most similar with the control group. According to the results of morphologic view with keratin layer, the keratin layer's breakaway resulting from Palmarosa essential oil, the keratin layer's restoration resulting from Neroli essential oil was appeared. And then the structure of the epidermal layer was preserved by hyperkeratosis reaction. In photomicrosopic obersevation of mast cell to examine the inflammatory reactions, the increase in size and number of mast cell were showed in A1 group treated with surfactant compared to the control group (C). The number of mast cells definitely decreased in groups (A3, A4) which were treated with Neroli essential oil.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2017

Skin has a strong barrier function to protect the body from external harmful factors. This strong barrier function of the skin makes for any effective substance difficult to permeate through the skin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin permeability of the reduced particle size by non-invasive method. The particles were prepared by high-pressure emulsification. The niacinamide prepared in a high-pressure emulsification was absorbed 1.56 times higher than the control sample. In addition, it was found from the sixth layer of keratin that was removed by tape-stripping method. This was significantly deeper penetration. The whitening efficacy of the sample containing niacinamide was evaluated before and after 6 weeks of use. The skin color was significantly improved in both pigmented area and non-pigmented area. Through this study, it was possible to visually and quantitatively confirm the permeability confirm the permeability of the reduced particle sample into skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

Recently, the importance of cleansing is emphasized according to increasing use of cosmetics. Even though many cleansing devices with a rotating brush are commercially available, there are no reports about cleansing devices with rotating brushes in Korean literature. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of cleansing device with a rotating brush which was named PBRCF1201 (Amorepacific Co., Korea). 20 volunteers were enrolled in this study. Before and after use of PBRCF1201, we measured the number of black head, skin brightness, desquamation index, sebum, and the number of pores on the face and forearm. Cleansing by cleansing device with a rotating brush was shown to cleanse better than manual cleansing. In addition, the number of black heads, skin brightness, desquamation index, sebum and the number of pore were also improved after cleansing. Therefore, the cleansing device with a rotating brush appears to be an effective cleansing method without causing injury or dryness.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disease that is accompanied by pruritic chronic eczema and markedly increased levels of inflammatory cells in endothelial cells. Arctium lappa L. is a popular edible vegetable cultivated in Asia. This study examined the effect of butanol extracts of A. lappa (ALBE) on the expression of adhesion molecule, ICAM-1 and the production of NO-iNOS induced by TNF-alpha in A549 endothelial cells. We also studied the effects of ALBE on the proliferation of keratinocyte. We observed significant inhibition of NO-iNOS production in dose-dependant manners and ALBE at $100\;{\mu}g$/mL suppressed the expression of ICAM-1 in TNF-${\alpha}$-induced A549 cells. In addition, the treatment of ALBE for 48 hrs increased the proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes. These results support that ALBE has an anti-inflammatory effects for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2012

The moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) plant is used both as food and an anti-allergic agent. In this study, we investigated skin protection effects of methanol extracts from the root, seed, fruit, and leaves of moringa in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. To investigate the pharmacological potential of various moringa extracts on TNF-${\alpha}$-induced collagen degradation in HaCaT cells, we measured the activity of matrix metallopeptidase-9,2 (MMP-9,2) by zymography analysis. Our results showed that all the moringa extracts inhibit the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced enzyme activity of MMP-9. In particular, moringa root extracts significantly suppressed MMP-9 and MMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Next, to investigate the anti-inflammation effect of the moringa extracts, we examined cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression of the extracts. The results showed that both the root extracts and the seed extracts decreased the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression of COX-2. In addition, the root and leaf extracts reduced the expression of IL-6. However, none of the moringa extracts affected the expression of iNOS. The results suggest that moringa root extracts down-regulate MMP-9, COX-2, and IL-6 and that the root extracts offer superior skin protection effects compared with other extracts of moringa in HaCaT cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2009

GM-CSF is a multipotent growth factor, which also plays an important role during the process of wound healing. rrhGM-CSF was specifically produced from rice cell culture in our laboratory (Hanson Biotech Co., Ltd, Daejeon). The rrhGMCSF contains more oligosaccharide side chains than any other types of GM-CSF. This work was taken to evaluate the influence on wound healing of rrhGM-CSF in male golden hamsters. Full thickness skin defects of 9 mm in diameter were made in the back of hamsters, and 100 ${\mu}L$ ointment containing rrhGM-CSF 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ was applied. Control groups were given ointment without rrhGM-CSF. The wound sizes were relatively reduced and skin was well regenerated in the experimental group compared with the control group. Structurally, reepithelialization and architecture of the skin following injury were well accomplished in the experimental group. And also, positive reaction of PCNA of the skin following injury was more prominent in rrhGM-CSF containing ointment treatment group. Since this type of GM-CSF has highly glycosylated side chains, the effectiveness might be retain longer and stable, regarding acceleration of wound healing in the animal model. The present study has important implications for further development of the therapeutic manipulation of wound healing using rrhGM-CSF.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2008

The composition of essential oil from the aerial part of Erigeron canadensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-one constituents were identified from the essential oil: eighteen hydrocarbons (91.99% of the total oil), two acetates (2.92%), three alcohols (3.59%), four ethers (0.49%), one aldehyde (0.05%), and three ketone (0.23%). Major constituents of the essential oil were D,L-limonene (68.25% of the total oil) and delta-3-carene (15.9%). The $IC_{50}$ value of the essential oil was 0.027 ${\mu}g$ $mg^{-1}$ in MTT assay using HaCaT keratinocyte cell line.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.4 s.54
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• pp.311-321
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• 2005

Tea (Camellia sinenis) is a popular beverage consumed worldwide. Since green tea, mainly consumed in Asia, has various biological activities, green tea components became one of the most favorite candidates as a functional materials for cosmetics and functional foods. The biological activities of green tea for skin cue have been ranged from protection of epidermal cells to the stimulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) biosynthesis. Green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which are active ingredients of green tea, possess anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and immune potentiation properties as well as antioxidant. They also modulate intracellular signal transduction pathways. GTPs decrease ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress, thus suppress mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and apoptosis in keratinocytes. In addition, GTPs prevent the Induction of inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF{\alpha})$ or chemical treatment in keratinocytes. GTPs treatment protects from chemical-or UV-induced skin tumor incidence in animal experiment. Besides, GTPs stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation of normal and aged epidermal cells, resectively, and suppress matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) release. According to the progress of formulation study, green tea components will be guaranteed materials for the more effective skin cue products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2016

Epidermis is continuously regenerated by keratinocyte stem cells (KSCs) residing in basement membrane, which is critical to the survival of an organism. KSCs are believed to persist during the whole lifetime and generate an enormous number of keratinocytes, required for the maintenance of epidermis, through transit amplifying cells dividing definite times until they become differentiated. In this report, we have developed a phenolic compound, paeonol, purified from Moutan Cortex, as a KSC proliferation activator, by screening about 350 herbal compounds. The cell proliferation activation by paeonol is specific for KSC not for keratinocyte, and no significant difference in the expression of p63 protein, a KSC marker, in KSCs treated with paeonol was observed in FACS analysis with anti-p63 antibody. In the colony forming assay, paeonol-treated KSC showed improved colony forming activity more than 1.3 fold. In addition, the result of PCR array shows that the activity of paeonol is through several signal pathways involving stem cell functions. These results suggest that paeonol could enhance KSC proliferation activity without reduction in stemness and could be applied to cosmetics as a KSC activating ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2016

This study attempted to investigate the possibility of the use of Morinda citrifolia (MC) as a cosmetic ingredient from its physiological activities such as antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and anti-aging effect. MC is a tropical plant that has been used as traditional polynesian foods and medicines for over two thousand years. It has been reported that this shrub can improve antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects and strengthen an immune system. The in vitro antioxidant activity of MC was performed to see the DPPH scavenging activity by measuring total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content. As a result, a lack of any cytotoxicity was confirmed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cell. When MC extract at a concentration of over $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$ was added, MMP-1 expression considerably diminished. In an in vivo test, in addition, cream containing MC extract was prepared and applied to a total of 22 women in their 30 ~ 50s in ages in the morning and in the evening for four weeks. Changes in keratin, melanin index, pore, skin color and wrinkles under the naked eyes were then comparatively measured. Keratin levels slightly increased in the control group but decreased in the experimental group. In addition, wrinkles diminished in the experimental group. This study found that MC extract controls many MMP-1 related mechanisms with great potential for use as a natural ingredient of anti-aging cosmetics.