• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.575-580
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• 1999

In this study, the quality changes of Hoelen was investigated, which were color differences, browning degrees, total phenolic compounds and electron donating abilities to optimize drying condition using hot air and far infrared drying by changing conditions such as temperatures, air velocities and radiation distances. In color values, ${\Delta}b\;value$ decreased with increasing temperatures, while ${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}a$ and ${\Delta}E\;value$ increased. The browning degrees showed the similar tendency with the color values. Total phenolic components of Hoelen decreased with increasing drying temperature and air velocity, and decreasing radiation distance. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the changes of electron donating abilities (EDA) of Hoelen among drying methods and conditions. As a result, the hot air drying was more effective method than the far infrared was.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

AIF has been formulated using three herbs known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-osteolytic effects. In this study, the potential therapeutic effects of AIF for osteoarthritis were assessed in vitro and in vivo. The effects of AIF on the cartilage and bone protection (MMP-13 expression, GAG degradation, OPG release) were examined, in vitro. In addition, the therapeutic effect of AIF was evaluated using a chemical-induced osteoarthritis rat model. Rats were injected with iodoacetate intraarticularly in one knee joint and treated with the oral administration of 100 mg/kg AIF-glucosamine once a day for 3 weeks. And then, destruction of cartilage and bone was evaluated by histopathological assessment. AIF significantly inhibited the production of MMP13 and GAG in a dose dependent manner in vitro. Also, AIF increased the production of OPG. In OA rat model, the AIF-glucosamine treated group reduced cartilage destruction, compared to vehicle or glucosamine treated group. AIF showed potent protective effects for the destruction of cartilage and bone, in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that AIF contains effective compound(s) which may modify the progression of arthritis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to analysis the effect on change of spinal neuron excitability during gait training of hemiplegia patients by the functional electrical stimulation. Methods: Thirty six hemiplegia patients participated in this study. Stimulation conditions of FES were pulse rate 35pps, pulse width $250{\mu}s$, and on-time 0.3 second, treatment hour was 30 min. and treatment period was once a day for five days a week through six weeks. For functional evaluations before and after treatment, Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), active range of motion (AROM), Hmax threshold, H/Mmax ratio were measured and the following conclusions were obtained. Results: Functional evaluation showed significant changes in experimental group as MAS(p<0.01), AROM(p<0.001), compared to control group. In spinal neuron excitability evaluation, change of Hmax threshold was significantly reduced in both non weight bearing (p<0.001) and bearing condition (p<0.05), H/Mmax ratio was significantly reduced in non weight bearing (p<0.05) and bearing condition (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, application of FES to hemiplegia patients in recovery stage during gait training improved mitigation of muscular spasticity, balance adjustment and moving ability and it was interpreted that it was caused by mitigation of muscular spasticity by the spinal neuron excitability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-78
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study were to examine the anti-hyperalgesic effects of combination of electroacupuncture and microcurrent on anti-hyperalgesia in local hyperalgesia zone. Methods: It used 24 rats for experiment, divided them into control group, electroacupuncture group (EA group), microcurrent group (MC group), combination of electroacupuncture with microcurrent (EA+MC group), caused hyperalgesia by injecting ${\lambda}-carrageenan$ into hindpaw. Thickness of hindpaw, mechanical pain threshold (MPT), thermal pain threshold (TPT), noxious flexion withdrawal reflex (NFR) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were measured immediately after induction, at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after induction. The electrical stimulation was given once a day for three days, 20min per session. Results: Change of thickness, MPT, and TPT showed significant difference in all groups compared to control group. In particular, there were remarkable difference in EA+ME group. In particular there were remarkable differences in EA group and EA+MC group. Change of NFR(% threshold, % reaction time, % RMS) and SEP showed mainly significant differences in EA group and EA+ME group compared to control group. In particular, there were remarkable difference in EA+ME group. Conclusion: The above results suggest that appropriate combination of microcurrent with electroacupuncture for pain control will be very desirable.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Purpose: This study examined the effects of pre-eccentric exercise to the quadriceps for the prevention of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and recovery of muscular function, depending on the training intensities. Methods: Subjects were divided into one of three groups that control group, a low intensity eccentric exercise group (LIEE group) and a high intensity eccentric exercise group (HIEE group). Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise undertook exercise at an intensity of 25% and 75% of maximal voluntary contractions, respectively. After undertaking pre-eccentric exercise for eight weeks, eccentric exercise was applied again to induce DOMS. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, after the induction of DOMS, and at the first, third, fifth and seventh days after the induction of DOMS. Results: Subjects who underwent pre-eccentric exercise showed a significant difference from the control group for the changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain threshold, pressure pain threshold and muscle thickness by isometric contraction from measuring DOMS, and in particular, pain threshold by isometric contraction had remarkable effect in the LIEE group of subjects. For the change of the root mean square values using mechanomyography (MMG) as the measurement of muscular function recovery, subjects who had undertaken pre-eccentric exercise group showed a significant difference as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Pre-eccentric exercise was very effective in preventing and recovering delayed onset muscle soreness and was helpful to prevent and recover from decreased muscular function. The difference based on the intensity of exercise was not great, but it was more effective in the low intensity eccentric exercise group of subjects. Therefore, it can be considered that pre-eccentric exercise has a high application value as a physical therapy intervention for prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2008

[ $MgB_2$ ] thin films were fabricated using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) method on silicon substrates with buffers of alumina grown by using atomic layer deposition method. The growth war in a range of temperatures $500\;{\sim}\;600^{\circ}C$ and under the reactor pressures of $25\;{\sim}\;50\;Torr$. There are some interfacial reactions in the as-grown films with impurities of mostly $Mg_2Si$, $MgAl_2O_4$, and other phases. The $T_c$'s of $MgB_2$ films were observed to be as high as 39 K, but the transition widths were increased with growth temperatures. The magnetization was measured as a function of temperature down to the temperature of 5 K, but the complete Meissner effect was not observed, which shows that the granular nature of weak links is prevailing. The formation of mostly $Mg_2Si$ impurity in HPCVD process is discussed, considering the diffusion and reaction of Mg vapor with silicon substrates.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.16 no.5 s.72
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• pp.555-564
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• 2004

Steel materials, which are normally used in bridge structures, are prone to corrosion and have thin plate structures. Steel bridges that have been damaged through increased vehicle load and corrosion are frequently expected to be strengthened. Repair or strengthening methods generally include cutting, bolting, and welding. The basic characteristics of stress and deformation behavior generated by cutting and welding in the course of the repair work, however, are not yet understood. It is difficult to say whether the safety of the structure after welding conforms with existing safety evaluation methods.Therefore, to gain confidence in the material and to guarantee the safety of the structure after welding, the stress generated by heat, through welding and cutting, was generalized. The effect of additional loads with respect to stress generated by heat was also investigated.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.364-368
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• 1997

Onion (Allium cepa Linn) has been reported to have hypoglycemic activity in human and several animal models. In the present study, we performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) in young (1.5mo) and aged (5 mo) rats treated with onion in order to determine whether aging can influence on the anti-hy-perglycemic effect of onion. In addition, we investigated the hypoglycemic effect of onion in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats treated with aqueous extracts of onion (500 mg/kg, i.p., daily) for 4 weeks. Blood glucose level was determined in fasted and fed rats by using a glucometer (Johnson & Johnson). In glucose tolerance test, blood glucose level was maximally increased 15 min after glucose load (2 g/kg, i.p.), and recovered to the basal level 3 hr after glucose challenge in young and old rats. The maximum blood glucose levels of young and aged rat were 184$\pm$7.49 and 225.2$\pm$ 12.55 mg/dl, respectively. A single i.p. injection of aqueous extract of onion (1 g/kg) 30 min before glucose challenge significantly decreased blood glucose levels at 15, 30, 60, 90 min after glucose load in aged rats, while the administration of onion did not show any significant effect in young rats. In onion-treated diabetic rats, significant hypoglycemic effect (p<0.05) was observed, and the effect was greater in fasted rats than in fed. In conclusion, these results suggest that anti-hyperlycemic effect of onion can be changed by age and fasting.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1655-1662
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• 2011

We have conducted a study on stainless steel laser-welding materials by using a laser beam for the evaluation. Stainless steel used in a rust and excellent thermal deformation has a variety of application. In this study, to improve the mechanical properties of stainless steel, a 50 W laser thermal source is used and magnetic fields are applied, on the basis of suggestions. The mechanical properties and performance are evaluated by performing a numerical analysis, tensile test, and shape, microstructure, and hardness test. The results show that the mechanical properties of improve increased speed the melting pool, tensile strength of 16 kPa rise, run into the melting zone and hardness 7 Hv.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The use of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) to generate electricity is one of the methods proposed to utilize renewable energy and to protect the environment. In this study, simulations were performed to investigate the effect of weather conditions in the Ulsan region, Korea, on the efficiency of a solar-heating OTEC (SH-OTEC) system. This system utilizes solar thermal energy as the secondary heat source. Various working fluids were also simulated to select one that is suitable for this system. The results showed that R152A, R600, and R600A, in that order, were the most suitable working fluids. The effective area of the solar collector for a $20^{\circ}C$ increase in the collector outlet temperature fluctuated from 50 to $97m^2$ owing to the change in the monthly average solar gain. The annual average efficiency of the SH-OTEC increases to 6.23%, compared to that of a typical conventional OTEC, which is 2-4%.