• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.377-414
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• 2021

Since Schwab mentioned the Fourth Industrial Revolution at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2016, discussions have been ongoing about it and the future society. The Fourth Industrial Revolution exceeds the development of technology and influences society, culture, and lifestyle. Moreover, in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, society continues to experience and realize the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Although we hope that this era will surely improve human life, we are also concerned about human alienation and social and economic polarization that may emerge as a consequence. How, then, does Christianity contribute to the public space and set the direction for education in this day and age? This study focused on the role of Christianity and the direction of education during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. First, I examine problems in terms of the inner and outer aspects of individuals and communities that may occur during the Fourth Industrial Revolution through the perspectives of Mitchell, a psychologist, Bellah, a sociologist, McGrath, a theologian, and Bostrom, a philosopher. Through their theories, we can view the lives of individuals in the real, virtual, and transcendental worlds of this era. I find that Christianity can provide a transcendent norm in this world, give meaning to life, and change people and the world. Therefore, I suggest the creation and expression of symbols as a direction for education. For this form of education, I recommend five steps, namely, observing, entering, discovering, participating, and making symbols. In this manner, people can represent the kingdom of God in the real world.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-43
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• 2021

The purpose of this case study was to examine whether an interactive music-making intervention using GarageBand was applicable to improve the social communication skills of school-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two children with ASD (both male, ages = 8 and 11 yrs.) participated in this study. The interactive music-making intervention included three stages: 1) musical imitation, 2) musical expression and coordination, and 3) musical interaction. Each session lasted 40 minutes, and sessions took place twice a week over 4 weeks. The participants' social communication behaviors were observed and analyzed in terms of exchanging ideas with each other. Engagement in interactive behaviors (e.g., turn-taking, imitating or reflecting the investigator's music, and creating one's own music using the motive from the investigator) during music making was also analyzed. During the sessions, increases in the attempts to express their opinions on music making processes and requests for help for the process were observed. Engagement in turn-taking form of interactive playing and reflecting the musical motive from a partner (i.e., investigator) were also improved. The Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) ratings indicated negative social behaviors decreased after intervention in both participants. The findings of this study suggest that interactive music-making activities using GarageBand can be an effective method in clinical practice to improve social communication skills for school-aged children with ASD.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.464-476
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• 2021

Various materials, depending on the personality of the artist, are required for contemporary art. Thus, it is necessary to decipher the expressive intentions of the artist and characteristics of the materials required for the conservation of such art. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes underlying the deterioration of sculptures made from soap and to determine the ideal hygrothermal environment required to stably exhibit and store these artworks. Furthermore, we aim to maintain the long-term structures of the artworks in accordance with the changing expressions and intentions of the artist. Our analysis confirmed that the extracts of the soap sculptures were composed of glycerin and that the sculptures were sensitive to humidity. Moreover, we determined that a relative humidity (RH.) of approximately 60~65% made for an appropriate hygrothermal environment required to preserve the sculptures. We also preserved each work in various ways by applying appropriate preservation treatment, and found that the optimum preservation environment for soap sculptures was a temperature of 20±2℃ and a RH. of 60±5%.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.186-201
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• 2021

As autonomous driving technology advances, the accuracy of the vehicle position is important for recognizing the environments around driving. Map-matching localization techniques based on high definition (HD) maps have been studied to improve localization accuracy. Because conventional map-matching techniques estimate the vehicle position based on an HD map reference dataset representing the center of the lane, the estimated position does not reflect the deviation of the lateral distance within the lane. Therefore, this paper proposes a localization system based on the reference lateral position dataset extracted using image processing and HD maps. Image processing extracts the driving lane number using inverse perspective mapping, multi-lane detection, and yellow central lane detection. The lane departure method estimates the lateral distance within the lane. To collect the lateral position reference dataset, this approach involves two processes: (i) the link and lane node is extracted based on the lane number obtained from image processing and position from GNSS/INS, and (ii) the lateral position is matched with the extracted link and lane node. Finally, the vehicle position is estimated by matching the GNSS/INS local trajectory and the reference lateral position dataset. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by experiments carried out on a highway environment. It was confirmed that the proposed method improves accuracy by about 1.0m compared to GNSS / INS, and improves accuracy by about 0.04m~0.21m (7~30%) for each section when compared with the existing lane-level map matching method.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.525-535
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• 2021

This study identified material properties through scientific analysis on Jikgeumdan(satin with gold threads) from Donggungbi-Wonsam and the gold threads used in the embroidery. The Donggungbi-Wonsam's base of gold threads were estimated to have used mulberry fiber's Korean paper(Hanji) because non-wood-based fibers were observed. The X-ray spectrometer showed that the Tongsuseulan of Donggungbi-Wonsam was a flat gold thread of pure gold and Jikgeumdan of flat silver thread of its Saekdong and Hansam. High sulfur levels were detected in the flat silver thread, which appeared to have formed silver sulfide by either manufacturing process using sulfur or conservation environment. he dragon insignia's embroidery is also described as two types twisted gold threads; pure gold and alloying-gold and silver. while dragon insignia's border line is decorated with a twisted gold thread of pure gold. In particular, it was investigated that adhesives such as an animal glue, a protein-based compound by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Additionally, XRF and Raman spectroscopy analysis on the mixture substances between the metal surface and the base paper of gold threads identified talc and quartz in the gold threads and Seokganju(hematite) in the flat silver threads.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.220-229
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• 2021

The optical characteristics of high-power direct-lit white light-emitting diode (LED) lighting were investigated, where a quantum dot (QD) film was adopted to enhance the color-rendering index (CRI). The transmittance of the diffuser plate and the concentration of the QD film were varied in this study. The color coordinates and the correlated color temperature (CCT) did not show any appreciable change, while the CRI values increased slightly as the transmittance of the diffuser plate decreased. The investigated optical properties were nearly independent of the viewing angle, and the luminance distribution was close to Lambertian. The CCT decreased from approximately 6000 K to approximately 4000 K as the concentration of the QD film increased from 0 to 7.5 wt%, which was due to the enhanced red component in the emission spectrum. The CRI increased to approximately 95 for some optical configurations of the lighting. These results demonstrate that glare-free, color-changeable, high-rendering LED lighting can be realized by using a combination of a diffuser plate of appropriate transmittance and a red QD film.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.156-169
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• 2021

Traditional morphological identification difficulties, such as phenotypic plasticity, misidentification of cryptic species, and larval stage species, can be compensated for by using DNA analysis techniques, such as DNA barcoding, in surveying zooplankton populations, including species identification. Recently, the rapid development of DNA sequencing techniques has allowed DNA-based community analysis not only for zooplankton assemblages in various aquatic ecosystems but also for the gut contents of zooplankton that are limited by conventional methods such as visual and microscopic identification. Therefore, the application of DNA sequencing can help understand biological interactions through the analysis of zooplankton food sources. The present paper introduces the major DNA-based approaches in zooplankton research topics, including taxonomic approaches by DNA barcoding, community-level approaches by metabarcoding, and gut content analyses, summarizes the analysis methods, and finally suggests the methodological topics that need to be considered for future applications.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.49-72
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• 2021

Based on the analysis of the NDL authority system, this study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of subject authorities related to Korea in the NDL. The results are as follows. First, NDL subject authorities related to Korea are 3,143 in total including 2,205 headings and 938 subdivisions. Among them, social sciences accounted for more than half with 52.4%, and economics by individual discipline accounted for the most with 552 cases, 17.6%. Second, most of the subject headings of historical events caused by or directly related to Japan are described from the Japanese perspective, and terms familiar to Korea are mainly described in reference, not in heading. Third, subject headings representing Korean characteristics or historical events are considerably lacking or nondescript. Forth, when referring the name of the country, the term 'Joseon (朝鮮)' continues to be used to refer to both South and North Korea; however, it is necessary to subdivide the history after 1948 which includes the era of the 'Republic of Korea' and the 'Democratic People's Republic of Korea'. Using the term Joseon to refer North and South Korea may cause the reader to perceive Korea as persisting in the Joseon Dynasty. Furthermore, while 'Balhae (渤海)' is regarded as Chinese history, it is a part of Korean history and should be added to the Korean historical periods.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.86-98
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• 2021

In this study, we developed a simulation model for supply chain management of Precast Concrete (PC) based construction. To this end, information on the Factory Production/Site Construction system was collected through literature review and field research, and based on this information, a simulation model was defined by describing the supply chain, entities, resources, and processes. Next, using the Arena simulation software, a simulation model for the PC supply chain was developed by setting model frameworks, data modules, flowchart modules, and animation modules. Finally, verification and validation were performed using five review methodologies such as model check, animation check, extreme value test, average value test, and actual case test to the developed model. As a result, it was found that the model adequately represented the flows and characteristics of the PC supply chain without any logical errors and provided accurate performance evaluation values for the target supply chains. It is expected that the proposed simulation model will faithfully play a role as a performance evaluation platform in the future for developing management techniques in order to optimally operate the PC supply chain.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.779-793
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• 2021

Water stress and environmental drivers are important factors to explain the variance of gross primary production (GPP). Environmental drivers are used to generate GPP in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithm and process-based model. However, MODIS algorithm only consider the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) data while the process-based biogeochemical model also uses limited data to express water stress. We compared the relationship between environmental drivers and GPP from eddy covariance method, MODIS algorithm, and Community Land Model 4 (CLM 4) simulation in normal years and drought years. To consider water stress specifically, we used VPD and evaporative fraction (EF). We evaluated the effects from environmental drivers and EF towards GPP products using the structural equation modeling (SEM) in South Korea. We found that GPP products from MODIS algorithm and model simulation results were not restricted from VPD data if VPD was underestimated. We also found that in the cropland area, irrigation effects can relieve VPD effects to GPP. However, GPP products derived from MODIS and CLM 4 had limitation to explain the irrigation effects to GPP. Overall, these results will enhance the understanding of GPP products derived from MODIS and CLM 4.