• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.90-98
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• 1996

An auditory model is proposed for robust speech recognition in noisy environments. The model consists of cochlear bandpass filters and nonlinear stages, and represents frequency and intensity information efficiently even in noisy environments. Frequency information of the signal is obtained by zero-crossing intervals, and intensity information is also incorporated by peak detectors and saturating nonlinearities. Also, the robustness of the zero-crossings in estimating frequency is verified by the developed analytic relationship of the variance of the level-crossing interval perturbations as a function of the crossing level values. The proposed auditory model is computationally efficient and free from many unknown parameters compared with other auditory models. Speaker-independent speech recognition experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2003

We proposed a method of a virtual robot arm controlled by the EMG pattern recognition using an improved SOFM method. The proposed method is simple in that the EMG signals are used as SOFM's input directly without preprocessing but nevertheless input patterns are reliably classified and then used for fuzzy logic systems to automatically tune the neighborhood and the learning rate. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we experimented on EMG pattern recognition of 6 movements from the shoulder, wrist, and elbow. Experimental results show that the proposed SOFM method has 21.7% higher recognition rate than the general SOFM method, the average number of learning iterations has been decreased, and then the virtual robot arm is controlled by EMG pattern recognition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to compare the relative growth of annual ring width of red pine(Pinus densiflora), black pine(Pinus thunbergii) and pitch pine(Pinus rigida) by means of multiple regression method according to Graybill hypothesis. The obtained results are as follows. 1. The changes of rainfall have affected to tree growth during the periods of 1975 through 1978. 2. Among these pine trees, red pine was mostly influenced by environmental factors. 3. The growth of annual ring width was sensitively responded to the changes of rainfall and air temperature. 4. Among the heavy metals analyzed, the concentrations(ppm) of Lead(Pb) and Copper(Cu) were negatively effected on the growth of annual ring width of pine trees. 5. The analytical technique of annual ring width may be useful for estimation of the pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1965

It has already been noted that some tree species, denoted as tolerant species, endure to behavior shadiness in growth than those species, denoted as intolerant species, since this fact of tolerance must be involved in silvicultural practice, the present author, with pinus rigida, pinus Thunbergii, and Buxus koreana, investigated the relation of degree of shadiness to soil moisture condition. Because tolerant and intolerant trees must be considered from the standpoint of their ability to use any of the factors that are likely to be at low concentration in the dense or open forest. The observed results may be summarized as follows : 1. The ability of tolerance of the species to shadiness is differently concluded by the base with which the analysis was made, i.c. Height, growth, diameter growth, T-R ratio or dry matter increase and so on. Regarding this point root collar increment or dry matter increase were considered more reasonable bases for discussing the tolerability. 2. When total length growth, including both stem and root, is taken as standard for the comparison of the ability of tolerance for each species, higher soil moisture condition and thicker shadeniss lessened the ability of pinus rigida, seedlings. Pinus Thunbergii, showed. However more moisture resistant than pinus rigida. Buxus koreana, seemed to have stronger ability of tolerance than any others. 3. When total dry matter content taken as standard, the results obtained are given in Fig, 3. In pinus rigida, the soil moisture supplemented the lack of light.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.14-22
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of short-term paraquat treatment without insecticides on the enhancement in oleoresin of pitch pine (Pinus rigida M.) at various distances from the wound height. The trees were treated with 0.5, 2 and 4% paraquat solutions using the bore-hole technique. Duplicate cores from treated and untreated sides of treated trees were made at 5 height levels (-0.3, 0.0, 0.3, 0.9 and 1.5 m above the wound height) at 3 months after treatment. The alcohol-benzene extractives based on unextracted oven-dry cores were taken as oleoresin contents. The results were as follows: 1. The effect of oleoresin enhancement at wound height were not affected by paraquat concentration. 2. Ascending distance of the enhancing effects above the wound height was directly related to paraquat concentration. Only in 4% paraquat treated trees, the effect extended to 1.5 m above the wound height. 3. As a result of examining descending distance of the enhancing effects at 0.3 m below the wound height, the effects extended to there in 4% and 2% paraquat treated trees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study site which consists of Pinus rigida in Jinju National University Experimental Forest for 4 years from Mar. 1, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2006. Averaged tree height of the management site increased by 1.6m, compared to the value of the non-management site in Pinus rigida. Increment of averaged D. B. H. at the management site showed 4.2cm more in Pinus rigida compared with that at non-management sites. Mesopore ratios (pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and buffered soil water were influenced more positively by the management practice. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was $32.9{\mu}S/cm$ within the range of non-polluted stream water.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.189-201
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• 2004

The present study has measured eight pollen morphological parameters of Diploxylon species in Korea by light microscopy (LM). The results are as follows; 1. Diploxylon species in Korea showed significant (P＜0.01) interspecific difference in their pollen morphological parameters. 2. The discriminant analysis based on the pollen morphological parameters demonstrated that the classification ratio of Diploxylon was 49.9％. The maximum was at Pinus banksiana (72.8％) and the minimum was at P. sylvestris (62.2％). 3. The relationship among the Diploxylon species based on their pollen morphological parameters showed that P. densiflora and P. sylvestris were had the closest relationship while P. rigida and banksiana had the least relationship.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the actual vegetation and the DGN(Degree of Green Naturality) from Namdeogyusan of the Deogyusan National Park to Sosagogae in the Baekdudaegan in 2003. The actual vegetation of the surveyed site were classified into 14 plant communities and cropland, etc.; Natural forest were classified into 9 plant communities; Quercus mongolica communities, mixed forest, deciduous broadleaf plant communities, Pinus densiflora communities, etc. And afforested lands were classified into 4 forest types; Larix leptolepis communities, Pinus rigida communities, etc. The DGN 9 was appeared the widest area as 57.97% and the DGN 8 was 26.80%. The DGN 1 and 2 were appeared as 5.18% at Sosagogae and Paejae district in outside of the Deogyusan National Park.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.999-1002
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• 2013

There are numerous image processing systems these are usually depend on high performance processors. However, systems using high performance processors might not be proper to mobile applications or low-power systems. Therefore, more efficient methodology for image processing is required for variable applications. This paper proposed pre-processing method using intra prediction concept in order to reduce processing range in a image picture(frame) and entire processing time. Also, the system configuration based on intra prediction hardware core and implementation result of the hardware core are presented in this paper.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.325-337
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• 1997

This paper introduces the basic concepts and requirements of database system based on the object-oriented paradigm,and presents the overview of the design of an object-oriented data base system which refects those conceprs and requirements . The system imolemented on C++,consists of three structure layers.The inner layer, which is in fact a storage system,performs file I/O,while the inermediate layer is responisible for most of the functions except the ones rerated to the user interface, such as the transaction management,the schema manage-ment,and the management of buffers in main memory etc.The outer layer,designed mainly for the uwerunteface,mot only privides the functions for graphical user interface,preprocessor,and interpreter etc,but also supports extended SQL for object-oriented features.