• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2009

Crouzon syndrome is a rare disease, first decribed by Crouzon in 1912. This syndrome is cuased by mutations in the FGFR2 gene, which is mapped to chromosome locus 10q25-10q26. The condition occurs in about 1 of every 25,000 birth and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. We experienced a case of Crouzon's disease in a 9-year-old-female child. Physical examination revealed craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, exophthalmos, hypoplastic maxilla and a relative mandibular prognathism. The purpose of this study is to report the dental and medical characteristics of the patient and review the literatures of Crouzon syndrome.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

Neurofibromatosis type 1, an autosomal dominant disorder with prevalence of 1 per 3000 people, has clinical features of cafe au lait spots in skin, multiple neurofibroma and dysplasia in skeletal, endocrinal, and blood vessel systems. Actual intraoral neurofibromas are known to occur in 25% of patients. A 9 year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 neurofibromatosis visited our hospital with chief complaint of gingival swelling. Gingival enlargement in lower anterior region existed and cafe au lait spots were confirmed in patient' skin. Enlarged gingival tissue were excised under local anesthesia. Neurofibroma was confirmed with biopsy. Clinical examination after months showed fine recovery without any evidence of recurrence. Due to its possibility of recurrence, periodic follow-up will be needed.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-168
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• 2012

Objective : The objective of this paper is to study the characteristics of the categorization of acupuncure points of the Lung Meridian(肺經) based on Hwangdineijingmingtang(黃帝內經明堂). Method : This paper examines several texts regarding the Lung Meridian. Result and Conclusion : Out of Yang Shangshan(楊上善)'s work, the theoretical aspects are presented in Hwangdineijingmingtang, whereas contents regarding acupuncture points are presented in Hwangdineijingmingtang. This is due to Yang's position as an imperial doctor(太醫侍御). In Hwangdineijingmingtang, Yang explains the characteristics of Metal(金) based on Hwangdineijingmingtang followed by an explanation of the acupuncture points of the Lung Meridian, which shows his emphasis on the relationship between the meridian as the main branch and the viscera. Along this medical logic, Yang must have included LU1(中府) into the Lung Meridian. This is Yang's unique point of view, distinguishing itself from other texts regarding the Lung Meridian. Apart from the means of explanation of the Lung Meridian by Yang, the verse 'made a volume for each 12 meridian' in the introduction of Hwangdineijingmingtang, discussion of the main treatable diseases of Hwangdineijingmingtang, contents on pathways of Lingshu Jingmai(靈樞 經脈), the start and end points of the meridians in Lingshu Maidu(靈樞 脈度) points to the assumption that each acupuncture point's belonging meridian known to us today was fixated by Yang.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.413-424
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• 2003

This study aims to interpret the location of 4 traditional settlements in the Youngnam district of Korea in view of geomorphology. For this study, GIS techniques were used to analyse quantitatively the degree of slope, slope aspect and the relation with river/stream of these regions. Yugok is located on pediment in the valley basin. Cheonjeon is located in the end part of the hill. Hahoe is located on the convex natural levee of the flood plain. Yangdong is located on a hillside. Houses are mostly distributed with south, southeast, and southwest aspect, but in Hahoe face all sides. Also, the settlements are located on average $10{\sim}20m$ above river bed. This indicates a safe height above river bed for avoiding an flood damage. These results imply that the location of the traditional settlement is based on a scientific logic and rationale. It is thus argued that the settlements satisfy exellent geomorphic conditions from the perspective of modern theories of residential location.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.55-76
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• 2017

Objectives : The transition of the 29 diagrams of Heart originated from MingTangZangFuTu will be used to understand the shape of heart and the changes of people's understanding of heart. Methods : The 29 diagrams of Heart originated from MingTangZangFuTu are divided according to their shape elements (Heart itself, internal curvatures, structures above heart, wuzangxi, and excursus). Then its transitions are analyzed, and each shape element is compared to modern anatomy and its textual basis is searched. Results : The lengthy cylinderical organ situated above the heart is composed of upper part consisting with joints and the lower part void of joints. The upper part is Pyewan (such as the lungs) and fall into trachea. The lower part is Xinxi or Feixi which are either relative vein (or aorta) or left bronchus that passes behind the heart. This depiction of the structures around the heart can be considered to have composed by actual observance of a physical heart, a method that is similar to anatomy. However, the shape of the heart itself is described as a lotus flower that has not been bloomed, a depiction which finds its origin from Zhongguangbuzhu huangdineijing suwen (762). The three short curvatures inside the heart is described as Pericardium, influenced by Shisijingfahui (1341) in its depiction, or as sammo, influenced by Nanjing. Structures that are connected directly from the heart to spleen, kidney, and uterus are not found in modern anatomy. The saying in Excursus "All cords of five internal organs belong to heart" is based on Huatuoxuanmenneizhaotu, and this is changed to the saying cords of four internal organs belong to heart in Leijingtuyi for the first time. Conclusions : The authors of medical scriptures at the time did not have a method of direct observance when they were copying heart diagrams. Therefore, they made changes to the source material's diagram and excursus while being influenced by Nanjing, Huatuoxuanmenneizhaotu, and Shisijingfahui. Then the doctors' understandings with regards to the shape and function of heart were reflected during that process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1511-1519
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze regional medical utilization variation of hospital inpatients and to suggest policy for the allocation of medical service in Korea. We analyzed the relationship among medical service, city size, income level and regional medical utilization variation of hospital inpatients. The patient survey report of 2005 year in Ministry of Health and Welfare was used for this study. To adjust on the factor age and sex, we used direct standardization method. Findings of the research were summarized as follows ; First, standardization discharge rate on patient was different in the district. city type, and number of beds. Second, standardization length of stay of patient was different in region, city type, and number of beds.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.859-884
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• 2006

This study attempts to apply a conjoint analysis, especially using choice experiment, to quantify the economic benefits of health effects(mortality by lung cancer, asthma, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis) on air quality improvement in Seoul and Metropolitan area. The yearly willingness to pay for the highest improvement level which is available is estimated as 38,856 won per household. The aggregated value of Seoul and Metropolitan area is measured as 252.8 billion won annually. The quantitative result provided in this study can be usefully employed in policy-making process related to air pollution. Especially, it provides a methodological framework to estimate the benefits for various alternatives in health effects.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.61-80
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• 2020

Objectives : To clarify the construction, changes, and contents of the diagrams of spleen through comparison of 30 different diagrams originated from Mingtangzangfutu. Methods : The diagrams were analyzed in whole shape, ratio between width and height, shape of the lower part, and concavo-convex of the middle part, then matched to the characteristics of the section diagram. The contents of the diagram of the spleen were newly interpreted with comparison to the classical texts. Results : The whole shape is described to be a long sword, long stick, bottle gourd, western pear, sole of feet. The height to width ratio was mostly above 4.0:1, but those listed in the 『Bianquemaishunaning』 and 『Hehensancaituhui』 were 1.9:1~1.0:1, most similar to the numbers described in the 『Nanjing』. The shape of the lower part was narrow and sharp, narrow and flat or wide and flat. To analyze through affiliation characteristic, properties of other affiliations could be found. In comparison to classical texts, the diagrams could be found to be affected by 『Nanjing』 and Wangbing's annotations. The diagrams of the spleen should be composed of the spleen, the cord of spleen, and Sangao(散膏); but those which distinguish the spleen and the cord of spleen are twelve. The description of its shape as being similar to sword or sickle seems to come from Lichan's misunderstanding of the diagram in 『Zhenjiujuying』. Those that mention Sangao are merely two and their opinion on the position are different from each other; both did not identify it with the pancreas. Conclusions : In the process of the diagrams differentiating into 30 they were affected by the classical texts. The various changes seem to come from difference in understanding of the content composition of the diagram of the spleen.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 1995

한국보건사회연구원의 조사결과에 의하면 이상적인 성비는 1960년의 160에서 1991년에는 130으로 크게 낮아졌다. 아직도 한국 부인들의 이상자녀수는 여아보다 남아가 더 많게 나타나고 있다. 남아의 가치에 대해서는 1960년대에는 노후봉양이 가장 으뜸가는 변수였으나, 최근에는 가계계승보다도 그 중요도가 떨어지고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. 또한 정서적 유대, 즉 아들이 있어야 든든하다는 식의 주장이 보다 강한 이유로 지적되고 있다. 이러한 남아선호사상은 사회적으로 상당한 영향을 미치는 요인이 되고 있다. 즉 성비의 불균형과 장래의 결혼시장의 혼란이 초래된다는 문제가 그것이다. 예를 들면 현재 셋째 및 넷째 아이의 성비가 크게 상승하고 있는 문제이다. 즉, 1992년의 경우 첫째 아이의 출생성비는 여아 100명당 남아 196.5이고, 넷째 아이의 경우는 229.0으로 더욱 높게 나타났다. 그리고 2000년에는 결혼적령의 남녀 성비의 차이는 신부보다 신랑이 19.1%나 많아질 것이며, 이러한 차이는 2010년에 가면 더욱 심화되어 신부감보다 신랑감이 무려 28.6%가 초과될 전망이다. 가뜩이나 농촌 총각들이 장가 들기가 어려운 터에 장가 못갈 총각이 크게 늘어날 수 밖에 없는 사정이 된다면 사회적으로 큰 혼란이 야기될 것임에 틀림없다. 이러한 성비의 불균형이 초래되는 배경은 남아선호사상의 잔존으로 저출산 내에서 태아의 성을 감별함으로써 선택적인 인공유산을 하는데서 비롯되는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 현재에도 불식되지 않고 있는 남아선호사상에 대한 주의를 다시 한번 환기시켜야 할 것이다. 특히 이 분야의 보다 깊은 연구를 지속적으로 실시하여 대응전략의 제시에 노력해야 할 것이며, 우선 무엇보다도 여성들의 사회적 지위향상 등 여권신장에 관한 정책적 노력과 더불어 교육 홍보를 통한 노력이 강화되어야 할 것이다. 아울러 태아의 성감별 등 바람직하지 못한 의술남용 행위 등을 근절토록 보다 강력한 법적 적용에도 행정력을 집중시켜 나가야 할 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2004

Biliary atresia is defined as a complete obstruction of bile flow owing to destruction or absence of all or part of the extrahepatic bile ducts. This disease is occurring in approximately 1:10,000 live births and moderate predominance of female is noted. The etiology of biliary atresia remained unsolved. The signs and symptoms are hyperbilirubinemla, jaundice, clay-colored stools, steatorrhea, dark yellow urine and hepatomegaly. Currently biliary atresia is best managed by hepatic portoenterostomy with or without liver transplantation. Biliary atresia patients with these cases showed staining of the teeth. The stains ranged in color from yellowish-brown to deep green. Enamel hypoplasia was all erupted teeth present. Patients had poor oral hygiene and rampant caries.