• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
• /
• v.152
• /
• pp.59-79
• /
• 2019

The main purpose of this paper is to critically examine the intractable problems of Peirce's notion of 'symbol' as a higher and perfect mode of sign, and present a more appropriate account of the higher status of symbol from an experientialist perspective. Peirce distinguished between icon, index, and symbol, and suggested symbol to be a higher mode of sign, in that it additionally requires "interpretation." Within Peirce's picture, the matter of interpretation is to be explained in terms of "interpretant," while icon or index are not. However, Peirce's conception of "interpretant" itself remains fraught with intractable opacities, thereby leaving the nature of symbol in a misty conundrum. Drawing largely on the experientialist account of the nature and structure of symbolic experience, I try to explicate the complexity of symbol in terms of "the symbolic mapping." According to experientialism, our experience consists of two levels, i.e., physical and symbolic. Physical experience can be extended to symbolic level largely by means of "symbolic mapping," and yet is strongly constrained by physical experience. Symbolic mapping is the way in which we map part of certain physical experience onto some other area, thereby understanding the other area in terms of the mapped part of the physical experience. According to this account, all the signs, icon, index, and symbol a la Peirce, are constructed by way of symbolic mapping. While icon and index are constructed by mapping physical level experience onto some signifier(i.e. Peirce's "representamen"), symbol is constructed by mapping abstract level experience onto some signifier. Considering the experientialist account that abstract level of experience is constructed by way of symbolic mapping of physical level of experience, the symbolic mapping of abstract level of experience onto some other area is a secondary one. Thus, symbol, being constructed by way of secondary or more times mapping, becomes a higher level sign. This analysis is based on the idea that explaining the nature of sign is a matter of explaining that symbolic experience, leaving behind Peirce's realist conception of sign as a matter of an event or state of affairs out there. In conclusion, I suggest that this analysis will open up new possibilities for a more appropriate account of the nature of signs, beyond Peirce's complicated riddles.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.247-256
• /
• 2019

The importance of the convergence education is getting more and more emphasized. But the university convergence education has not yet met today's needs. So this study is focused on showing effective practice methods and finding development directions of the university convergence criticism education. One of a significant trend of the contemporary academic education of liberal arts is the tendency of the convergent and integrative studies. What is essential in the convergent and integrative studies creativity. The zeitgeist of knowledge-based society is change and innovation. In response to its request, college education is being asked to do convergence education, And general education as the basis of convergence education is strengthened.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.591-606
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to propose basis data to nursing intervention development in order to raise the professional consciousness of long-term care workers grasping influence factor and professional consciousness. The subjects were about 185 long-term care workers at D megalopolis and 4 cities of 3 provinces from November to December, 2009. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression. The correlated factors of professional consciousness included self-efficacy(r=.420, p=.000), sense of the calling(r=.636, p=.000), education training effectiveness(r=.441, p=.000), internal locus control(r=.378, p=.000), and external locus control(r=-.356, p=.000). Factors influencing of professional consciousness of them were to show in order of sense of the calling(B=.329, p=.000), education training effectiveness(B=.250, p=.000), internal locus control(B=.216, p=.000), external locus control (B=-.165, p=.002), consideration and opplicable job choose characteristic(B=.207, p=.004), these variables accounted for 57.5% of the variance of professional consciousness. Further research needs to develop well organized educational program, training of enhancing internal locus control, and clear examination about roles and tasks of long-term care workers. Also, it suggests education and research that can enhance professional consciousness by utilizing these factors.

• Issues in Feminism
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.149-206
• /
• 2018

This essay is focused on finding women's voice in oral narratives of social memory of national violence and resistance. The books of oral narratives of women who had experienced the national violence and participated in the resistance through historic events such as 5.18, have been published recently. This study is based on the materials that have interviewed women experienced the historic event '5.18' in Gwangju. In this study, there are analyses of the materials of the memory of violence and resistance of '5.18', which have contained the texts written by intellectual males and the oral narratives of females directly involved. So far, the memory and experience of women have not been presented in its entirety in the field of social discourse of '5.18'. In the field women's words were translated in men's words, so the real words disappeared and in the end remained unspoken words. And besides, the existence of women are substituted with the limited images (for example women's body destroyed) presented by men's words in memorial materials. In narratives of '5.18', women are reduced to the images of bodies destroyed by national violence. The destroyed bodies are places for exhibition and disclosure of national violence. Women are not presented as the subjects of the social resistance in oral or written narratives of '5.18'. The images of females are only vehicles to urge the male subjects to resist against unjust violence. In this context, men are interpreted for the protectors of sisters, daughters, wives. Since 1980s, the symbol of '5.18 Gwangju' has represented the most ideal community in Korean society. But women have been on the borderline or outside of the community in fact. However, women intend to construct themselves as the subjects of resistance through the spoken words. They have tried to make the politic places for themselves in the social field by speaking and speaking constantly. The desire to speak out is becoming stronger for women, so these days more words are spoken by more women and more oral narratives made by women are revealed in social discoursive field. So the place for women's voice is expanding in social memorial field of '5.18'.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.665-676
• /
• 2014

As the Learning Model (offered major course) of the connected program between high school and college, we conducted a customized education model for second grade high school students with regard to IT. Being based on the latest major trend and practical training within a given period this model has derived the high level of interest and participation from the students. First of all, the first program has focused on the theory and practice. In case of the theory lecture, the new knowledge and practical experiences attracted students' interests. Secondly, the second program mainly consisted of practical training. The basic knowledge through first learning program enabled the students to follow the second course for advanced experiences as well as the variety of new technology. Finally, the survey and evaluation were carried out on the students who finished programs. Most of the students gave answers that both the theory classes and customized practical training were helpful in finding their major and career exploration. The Learning Model of the connected program between high school and college showed that it can be useful not only to extract students' potential ability and good talent but also for university selection and career choices.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.773-786
• /
• 2005

This study investigated high school student and chemistry teacher perceptions on the effect of water vapor in the air on evaporation and boiling of water by a questionnaire. In science textbooks evaporation and the boiling of water are related to the vaporization concept, boiling is related to vapor pressure and air pressure, and vapor pressure is related to the vapor concept in the air. High school student and chemistry teacher perceptions on these linkages were compared. Science textbooks were also analyzed for reasons behind these diverse perceptions. Results revealed that a majority of students conceptualized that vapor in the air was related to evaporation and boiling, but were unable to distinguish the evaporation phenomena at the macroscopic level and the evaporation of water molecules at the microscopic level. They also thought that vapor in the air affected vapor pressure and boiling. Although the percentage of teacher scientific conception was higher, a great number of teachers had diverse perceptions on evaporation and boiling just as students had. Common explanations of evaporation and boiling phenomena in science textbooks were at the macroscopic level. Moreover, there were few connections of concepts even if the explanations were at the microscopic level.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.15
• /
• pp.251-265
• /
• 2009

Motion Graphics are a great effective vehicle for precise communication between customers in various media and formats. The important thing in the expression of Motion Graphics is to deliver messages clearly. Some current Motion Graphics which are focused on only attracting attention or sensational expressions more than narrative are evaluated lower. This study aims to utilize easy and positive Motion Graphics to deliver messages by applying their utility to production of Motion Graphics, omitting time spent on delivering effective messages and analyzing their suggestive expression methods because of the nature of producing Motion Graphics. This thesis is to study several theoretical backgrounds of omission and implicated expressions mentioned in the similar studies from the view of Motion Graphics, and to search applied examples and functional things using the expression methods in some film title sequence. Excellent Motion Graphics use planned omission and implicated methods rather than to use entire narratives or complicated descriptions. Especially, a film title sequence should focus on symbolic visual expressions. They are necessary to attract the audience's interest. To overcome the limitation of time and space deliver a huge amount of information quickly and powerfully, Motion Graphics should properly use omission of image and time and suggestive expressions through symbols and metaphors. Then they will have a role to level up their current values and discussions.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.476-496
• /
• 2005

This paper considers some significances and limitations in application of Rawls' liberal theory of justice to conceptualization of environmental and ecological justice. It first reviews Rawls' liberal theory of justice, then examines how his theory of justice considers natural resources and can be applied to develop distributive theory of environmental justice, and finally explores what kinds of problems would be generated when Rawls' theory of justice is to be extended to animals and other natural components. In Rawls' theory of justice the status of natural resources is described as a objective condition for justice, but it is argued that natural resources should be seen as a substantial component of just production and distribution. It also can be stressed that his theory of justice does not secure a just result of resource distribution, even though it has a great significance for just procedure of distribution. Finally, it seems hardly possible to extend Rawls' theory of justice to animals and other natural components to develop a Rawlsian theory of ecological justice, because liberalism and Western tradition of science on the basis of which Rawls' theory of justice has developed presuppose an ontological dualism of human beings and other natural components, and hence cannot recognize the inherent value of nature.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.123-156
• /
• 2012

This study focuses on the satellite licenses and the requirements for satellite spectrum management (i.e. frequency allocation) in Korean satellite industry via comparative analyses against those cases in other developed countries, in order to provide complementary measures to the domestic satellite policies. The satellite industry is one of the main pursuits of a nation's efforts, and it shows distinct characteristics depending on various factors such as national defense and security. In addition, the industry is determined by the nation's market size as well as its international relationship. Consequently, the present study considers examples from various organizations and nations - including U.S.A, Japan, and ITU - and provides a hybrid policy that is well customized for the domestic market. This study looks at similarities between policies of other countries, and finds any supplements for domestic polices by specifying similar cases in others and analyzing their results. The main purpose of this study, therefore, is to find the best agreement for domestic policy with internal interpretation, rather accepting others. While the licensing method for domestic satellites need not be distinct from that of other nations, the case of using non-Korean licensed satellites must be complemented by the conditions in the domestic market. Furthermore, the spectrum management is essential to the nation's satellite industry since the spectrum is a scarce resource. As such, spectrum management that is carefully designed to incorporate the rapidly changing international market demand is crucial to provide a sufficient supply for domestic space industry. In the present study, we find that auction-like market based approaches together with measures to avoid exclusive uses of the scarce resource (e.g. share, leas and reallocation) would provide an excellent method for the domestic satellite industry.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.1262-1274
• /
• 2011

Urban railway started its operation in August 15, 1978 in Korea. Nowadays, it is being operated in Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Deagu, GwangJu, and Daejeon, and it is playing a major role in mass transportation. Urban railways can provide rapid and convenient transportation to citizens in eco-friendly and energy saving way. However, urban railway operating organizations have been in financially difficult conditions due to the enormous debts borrowed for the construction of railways. Urban railway operating organizations are under pressure to improve its difficult financial conditions through the efficient management of the organization. The management and operation efficiency of urban railway organizations have been evaluated since 1993 by Ministry of Public Administration and Safety to make those organizations more competitive, responsible and efficient. However there are some limitations in evaluation since they do not reflect the relative size of organizations, relative newness of facilities, etc so that it's not objective and loses fairness. This study proposes an improved method for the evaluation of safety.