• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.45-53
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• 1994

음 변화 규칙을 음성규칙(A)와 음운규칙(B)와 기타(C)로 분류한다면, A.음성규칙의 발생 총계는 B.음운규칙의 발생 총계보다 2배 이상 더 많다. 여기에 가장 발생 빈도가 높은 규칙부터 순서대로 10개만 정리하면 다음과 같다. 순위 규칙부류 명칭 백분율 1 A 음절 말 유성자음의 불파화 31.84, 2 A 유성음화 19.37 3 B 장모음화 10.00, 4 A 설측음화 9.78, 5 B 경음화 6.43, 6 B 음절말 장애음 중화 5.16, 7 A ㅅ 구개음화 3.71, 8 C 음절 조정 규칙 3.10, 9 B 단모음화 1.60, 10 A ㄴ 구개음화 1.42 별도로 진행한 총체적 연구(이상억에 의하면, 음성규칙, 즉 A가 총 6개 있는데 그 중 5규칙이 10위 내에 나타나 상위 쪽에 3번이나 포함되어 있는 점이 주목된다. 특히 규칙 1과 2의 합계는 전체 중 51.2%를 넘는다. 규칙 10위까지의 합계는 전체 중 92.4%를 차지한다. 13.장모음화(10%)는 12.단모음화(1.6%)보다 훨씬 높은 출현빈도를 보인다. 또 각종 구개음화 규칙의 순위는 ㅅ(7위), ㄴ(10위), ㄹ(17위), ㄷ(26위) 구개음화로 분포되어 있음이 밝혀졌다. 한편 삭제규칙(음운탈락 및 단순화) 계열이 14, 15, 19, 21, 25, 28위에 널리 나열되어 있는 데 반해, 삽입규칙은 23위에 ㄴ삽입 하나가 보일 뿐이다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 1999

비디오 데이터를 이용한 응용 프로그램을 개발하기위해서 비디오 데이터베이슬ㄹ 구축하고자하는 경우에는 비디오의 내용(Content)에 따라 자동으로 장면 변화를 검출(Scene Change Detection)하는 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 MPEG-1 형식으로 저장된 비디오 데이터에 대하여 장면의 변화를 자동적으로 검출할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고 실험을 통하여 그 유용성을 보인다. 제안한 검출 방법에서는 B 프레임의 각 매크로 블록들에 대하여 시간적으로 과거 B 프레임의 대응되는 매크로블록의 타입과 비교를 하고, 이런 각 매크로블록들에 대한 비교 결과의 합이 입계치보다 큰 경우에 장면이 변한 것으로 판단한다. 제안한 방법에서는 입력 비디오 스트림에서 B 프레임의 매크로블록층 정보만을 이용하여 I프레임과 P 프레임의 장면 변화 검출도 가능하므로 정교한 검출이 가능하다. 또한 이런 검출 방법은 단순히 한 B 프레임안의 매크로 블록개수만을 조사하여 장면 변화여부를 검출하는 기존의 방법에 대하여 각 매크로블록의 타입 정보뿐만 아니라 위치 정보도 이용하기 때문에 장면 변화 검출이 견고하다. MPEG-1 형식으로 부호화한 뉴스 및 영화 비디오 데이터에 대한 실험에 의하면, 본 논문에서 제안한 검출 방법은 95% 이상의 정확성을 보임을 알 수있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 MPEG-1 비디오 장면변화검출방법은 MPEG-1 형식의 비디오 데이터를 이용한 디지털 라이브러리 등의 구축등에 유용하게 사용될수 있을 것이다.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the improvements of a patient who has suffered from aftereffects following stroke such as dysgraphia and articulation disorder, which is treated by herbal medication based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods : According to 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions', the patient was diagnosed as Taeyang-byung Gyeolhyung and number 138 provision, and was administered Sohamhyung-tang for 90 days. We recorded the progress of improvements based on the patient's statement and documented the patient's writing Results : The patient can write the letters such as U, 2, ㄹ,ㅇ more clearly and become confident on both writing and speaking. Conclusions : This case shows the effects of Sohamhyung-tang on aftereffects following stroke such as dysgraphia and articulation disorder. It was induced according to the 'Disease Pattern Identification Diagnostic System based on Shanghanlun Provisions' so that it suggest a potential interpretation, which is different with it of the text books Herbal Formula Science and Sanghallonjeonghae, on the provision no. 138. Also the usage of Sohamhyung-tang in this case may support the way far from the diagnosis of oriental neurological medicine, which explain the pathology of stroke as fire-heat(火熱), dampness-phlegm(濕痰), static blood(瘀血) and dual deficiency of qi and blood(氣血兩虛).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1969

Experiments on rice concerning it s varieties, fertilization, seedling dates and herbicides have been conducted to determine the most desirable method of direct sowing cultivation on dry paddy field land in the middle part of Korea. The results obtained at the Office of Rural Development of Choongnam Province are as follows:. 1. Sixteen different derivatives from the main varieties of low land rice were cultivated on a dry paddy field by the direct sowing method; at the same time, a few varieties were tried adopting the common transplanting cultivation method. The yield and yield factors from these two groups were examined to give the following results: a) Compared to the common transplanting cultivation, the direct sowing method showed remarkably increased number of panicles while the number of flowers per panicle was shown to be significantly decreased. The maturing ratio was detected to be lowered. The yield horn them differed according to the different varieties : good yield was obtained from Hokwang while Norin ＃25 proved poor when compared with the common transplanting cultivation method. b) Among sixteen varieties tested, Sunsou, Norin ＃25, Jaigou, Hokwang, Palkueng and Gosi showed comparatively high yields, their yield being more than 325 kilograms per 10 Are, but Nampoong, Paldal, Nongkwang, Norin ＃29, Eunbangju ＃101 and Shiro gane showed less yield, their yield being less than 271 kilograms per 10 Are, the relations between the yield and the yield factors can be summarized as follows; Number of varieties and their rice yield. 1) The varieties which were great in the, number of panicles and high in yield=Jaigoun, Hokwang Palkueng and Gosi. 2) The varieties which were low in the number of panicles and high in yield=Sounsou and Norin ＃25. 3) The varieties which were great in the number of panicles and poor in yield=Eunbangju ＃101 and Sirogane. 4) The varieties which were poor in the number of panicles and poor in yield: Nampung, Paldal and Norin ＃29. Number of flowers per panicle and yield. 1) The varieties which were great in the number of flowers per panicle and high in yield: Sounsou, Norin ＃25 and Gosi. 2) The varieties which were poor in the number of flowers per panicle and high in yield ; Jaigoun, Hokwang and Palkueng. 3) The varieties which were great in the number of flowers per panicle and poor in yield: Paldal and Nampung. 4) The varieties which were poor in the number of flowers per panicle and poor in yield: Norin ＃29. Eunbangju ＃101 and Sirogane. Maturing ratio and yield. 1) The varieties which were high in the maturing ratio and high in yield: Jaigoun, Sounsou, Norin ＃25 and Palkueng. 2) The varieties which were low in the maturing ratio and high in yield: Hokwang and Gosi. 3) The varieties which were early maturing rat io and low in yield: Hokwang and Gosi. 4) The varieties which were late maturing ratio and poor in yield: Eunbangju ＃101, Nampungand Sirogane 1, 000 grain weight and yield. 1) The varieties which were heavy in 1, 000 grains weight and high in yield=Norin ＃25 and Hokwang. 2) The varieties which were light in 1, 000 grains weight and high in yield=Sounsou and Jaigoun. 3) The varieties which were heavy in 1, 000 grains weight and poor in yield=Nongkwang and Eunbanju. 4) The varieties which were light in 1, 000 grains weight and poor in yield=Norin ＃29 and Sirogane. 2. The experiment on fertilization showed that the most desirable amount to be given per 10 Are was 10 kilograms of Nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphate and 6 kilograms of potassium; and when the Nitrogen given exceeded 8 kilograms, its effect was better when given in amsll consecutive (split) amounts, while the maturing ratio and the number of the flowers per panicle increased when Nitrogen was given in large amount during the later stage of growth of rice. 3. The experiment on the date and amount of seedling showed that the tested variety, Sunsou gave the best results when planted on the days between 25 April and 10 May. Eight liters per 10 Are were preferable if planted early and 12 liters per 10 Are if planted late. The reason why the later planting gave a lower yield was that the number of flowers per panicle was fewer. 4. The experiment on the irrigation for rice with direct sowing cultivation immersed in water showed that it was the most satisfactory when irrigated on 25th June, 55 days after its seedling, its plot giving the best yield. The plots 10th June and 15th July showed just as good results. However, irrigated later, than 15th July it showed lower yields. 5. Compared to the yield of the plot controlled by the common method, the yield from the plots treated with chemical herbicide such as LOROX, TOK, PCP, SWEP, Mo-338 on dry condition soil seemed poorer, but significant difference was not found statistically. On the other hand in the case where chemical herbicides such as TOK, Mo-338, Stam F-34 or ORDRAM were used after irrigation, the yield from the ORDRAM and TOK treated plots did not show significant differences compared to the common hand weed controling method, but those treated with chemicals other than the above showed a lower yield.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1998

The intracardiac axial flow pump has been developed This device has several advantages: it fits well anatomically, its blood-contacting surface is small, and it is implanted as easily as an artificial heart valve replacement. The axial flow pump consists of an impeller and a motor, both of which are encased in a housing. Two types of impeller with 4 vanes and 6 vanes are used. Sealing of the motor shaft is achieved by means of a ferrofluidic seal. A flow of 5$\ell$/min was obtained at a differential pressure of 100mmHg with a motor speed of 7091rpm with the 4-vane impeller and 6402rpm with the 6-vane impeller. Sealing was kept against a pressure of 150mmHg at 7000rpm with the 4-vane impeller and 6402rpm with the 6-vane impeller. Sealing was kept against a pressure of 150mmHg at 7000rpm over 24 hours. The index of hemolysis was 0.056 with the 4-vane impeller and 0.214 with the 6-vane impeller. The intracardiac axial flow pump is a very promising circulatory support.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate phoneme recognition in postlingually deafened adults with cochlear implantation. 21-cochlear implantee were participated. They was used cochlear implants more than 1 year. In order to measure consonant performance abilities, subjects were asked for 18 items of Korean consonants in a "aCa" condition with audition alone. The scores ranged from 11 to 86 ($60{\pm}17$)%. The consonant performance abilities correlated with implanted hearing threshold level, significantly (p<.046). This results suggest that consonant performance abilities of postlingual deafened adults cochlear implantee be important for implanted hearing. They had higher correct rates for fricatives and affricatives with distinctive frequency bands than for plosives, liquids & nasals with the same or adjacent frequency bands. All subjects had confusion patterns among the consonants of the same manner of articulation. The reason of consonant confusions was caused that they couldn't recognize different intensities and durations of consonants with the same or adjacent frequency bands.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2006

A novel series of 1-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides (2a-d) along with some derived ring systems: substituted-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles(3a-c, 4a-f) and thiazolidin-4-ones(5a-d and 6a-d), were synthesized. In addition, cyanoacetic acid-(1-benzofuran-2-yl-ethylidene) hydrazide(7) was used to prepare another new series of compounds consisting of substituted pyridin-2(1H)-ones(8a-c); 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-thiazoles(9a-d) and 2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-6H-thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-ones (10a-c, 11a-c). The absolute configuration of compound 5c was determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds prepared were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV, anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, compounds 5c and 9a produced a significant reduction ㅐ ㄹ the viral cytopathic effect (93.19% and 59.55%) at concentrations $>2.0{\times}10^{-4}\;M\;and\;2.5{\times}10^{-5}\;M$respectively. Compound 9a was confirmed to have moderate anti-HIV activity. Compounds 2a, 2d, and 5c showed mild antifungal activity. However, none of the tested compounds showed any significant anticancer activity.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.388-402
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• 2003

In this paper, we carried out the word, 4 continuous digits. continuous, and task-independent word recognition experiments to verify the effectiveness of the re-defined phoneme-likely units (PLUs) for the phonetic decision tree based HM-Net (Hidden Markov Network) context-dependent (CD) acoustic modeling in Korean appropriately. In case of the 48 PLUs, the phonemes /ㅂ/, /ㄷ/, /ㄱ/ are separated by initial sound, medial vowel, final consonant, and the consonants /ㄹ/, /ㅈ/, /ㅎ/ are also separated by initial sound, final consonant according to the position of syllable, word, and sentence, respectively. In this paper. therefore, we re-define the 39 PLUs by unifying the one phoneme in the separated initial sound, medial vowel, and final consonant of the 48 PLUs to construct the CD acoustic models effectively. Through the experimental results using the re-defined 39 PLUs, in word recognition experiments with the context-independent (CI) acoustic models, the 48 PLUs has an average of 7.06%, higher recognition accuracy than the 39 PLUs used. But in the speaker-independent word recognition experiments with the CD acoustic models, the 39 PLUs has an average of 0.61% better recognition accuracy than the 48 PLUs used. In the 4 continuous digits recognition experiments with the liaison phenomena. the 39 PLUs has also an average of 6.55% higher recognition accuracy. And then, in continuous speech recognition experiments, the 39 PLUs has an average of 15.08% better recognition accuracy than the 48 PLUs used too. Finally, though the 48, 39 PLUs have the lower recognition accuracy, the 39 PLUs has an average of 1.17% higher recognition characteristic than the 48 PLUs used in the task-independent word recognition experiments according to the unknown contextual factor. Through the above experiments, we verified the effectiveness of the re-defined 39 PLUs compared to the 48PLUs to construct the CD acoustic models in this paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

The GNUnet in P2P system have solved an anonymous(publisher, storer, demander); a service of condition equal for peer. The GNUnet for an anonymous has separated a file and dispersed to the network. But, the 1Kbyte block size of the GNUnet is a creation of many additional block. I and R block has created with indirect point of D block The waste of I and R block appeared to 4% of the original file and the additional network traffic for the block transmission. To resolve the problems, this paper proposes an new scheme of file splitting distribution using P2P networks with the new GNUnet protocol, The GNUnet support minimization of the additional block and for a network traffic. It proposed an efficiency improvement of encording block and routing algorithm.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.245-273
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of some forms, "거" [kə], "게" [ke], and "걸" [kəl], which originated from a dependent noun "것" [kət]. Nowadays, some studies have argued that these forms are allomorphs of "것" [kət]. However, they are not allomorphs because they do not show a complementary distribution with "것" [kət]. Moreover, we should not deal with "게" [ke] and "걸" [kəl] as at the same level of "것" [kət] and "거" [kə] because they respectively consist of "거" [kə], and the subjective case marker "이" [i] or the accusative case marker "ㄹ" [l]. In other words, they function as an element of a sentence. Therefore, just the "거" [kə] and "걸" [kəl] remain to be argued about concerning variation among them. Especially, the "거" [kə] is almost freely alternated with "것" [kət], whereas even though "걸" [kəl], which is not part of KP (N + case marker), is very restricted so as to appear to be from "거" [kə]. Of course, the restriction they show cannot be under the condition that corresponds to the conception of the alternation. In conclusion, only the "거" [kə] is just an optional variation morph of "것" [kət], whereas "걸" [kəl] is an optional variation morph of "거" [kə]. There is no allomorph of "것" [kət] in the forms originated from itself.