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Effects of Pinacidil, a Potassium-Channel Opener, on Biodistribution of Thallium-201 in Tumor-Bearing Mice ($K^+$ 통로개방제 Pinacidil이 종양이식 생쥐에서 Tl-201의 체내분포에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jae-Tae;Chun, Kyung-Ah;Lee, Sang-Woo;Kang, Do-Young;Ahn, Byeong-Cheol;Jun, Soo-Han;Lee, Kyu-Bo;Ha, Jeoung-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.303-311
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    • 2000
  • Purpose: Thallium behaves similarly to potassium in vivo. Potassium channel opener (K-opener) opens ATP-sensitive $K^+$-channel located at cell membrane, resulting in potassium efflux from cytosol. We have previously reported that K-opener can alter biokinetics of Tl-201 in cultured cells and in vivo. Malignant tumor cells have high Na-K ATPase activity due to increased metabolic activities and dedifferentiation, and differential delineation of malignant tumor can be possible with Tl-201 imaging. K-opener may affect tumoral uptake of Tl-201 in vivo. To investigate the effects of pinacidil (one of the potent K-openers) on the localization of the tumor with Tl-201 chloride, we evaluated the changes in biodistribution of Tl-201 with pinacidil treatment in tumor-bearing mice. Materials and Methods: Baltic mice received subcutaneous implantation of murine breast cancer cells in the thigh and were used for biodistribution study 3 weeks later. $100{\mu}g$ of pinacidil dissolved in $200{\mu}l$ DMSO/PBS solution was injected intravenously via tail vein at 10 min after 185 KBq ($5{\mu}Ci$) Tl-201 injection. Percentage organ uptake and whole body retention ratio of Tl-201 were measured at various periods after injection, and values were compared between control and pinacidil-treated mice. Results: Pinacidil treatment resulted in mild decrease in blood levels of Tl-201, but renal uptakes were markedly decreased at 30-min, 1- and 2-hour, compared to control group. Hepatic, intestinal and muscular uptake were not different. Absolute percentage uptake and tumor to blood ratios of Tl-201 were lower in pinacidil treated mice than in the control group at all time points measured. Whole body retention ratio of Tl-201 was lower in pinacidil treated mice ($58{\pm}4%$ ), than in the control group ($67{\pm}3%$) at 24 hours after with injection of $100{\mu}g$ pinacidil. Conclusion: K-opener did not enhance, but rather decreased absolute tumoral uptake and tumor-to-blood ratios of Tl-201. Decreased whole body retention ratio and renal uptake were observed with pinacidil treatment in tumor-bearing mice.

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Response of Growth and Functional Components in Baby Vegetable as Affected by LEDs Source and Luminous Intensity (LEDs 광조성 및 광도가 베이비채소의 생육 및 기능성물질에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Seong-Tak;Jeong, In-Ho;Kim, Young-Jung;Han, Tae-Kyu;Yu, Je-Bin;Jae, Eun-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.549-565
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics and functional materials of baby vegetables as affected by different LEDs and luminous intensity at Anseongsi, Gyeonggi Province, in 2014. Test crops were beet, chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard purchased from the seed company of Dongbu Hannong and Jinheung. Growth characteristics were measured and the content of functional materials was analyzed 40 days after seeding at plug plate. Treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity showed the highest number of leaves in five baby vegetables of beet, chicory, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard. The highest shoot length of chicory, spinach, red leaf lettuce, crown daisy and red mustard was obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Fresh weight and dry weight of all six baby vegetables were the highest in treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b of spinach, red leaf lettuce and red mustard showed the highest in Fluorescent lamp at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity whereas other crops did not show definite trend under different LEDs lights and luminous intensity. The highest total content of anthocyanins and polyphenol were obtained from the treatment of Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity in all six baby vegetables. Free radical scavenging activity was highest in all six vegetable crops at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity, but it was not different significantly between LEDs. As a result, the growth and the content of functional material of baby vegetables are generally to be increased in Red+Blue (4:1) at $150{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ luminous intensity. Mixed light of Red+Blue is thought to give good effect on the growth and the content of functional material in baby vegetable crops. Because there are many differences in regard of LED lights, crop varieties, cultivation and experimental methods in their impact on the growth and functional materials of baby vegetables among researchers, it is considered that a more precise studies are needed for the crop responses to LED light and luminous intensity.

Effect of an Acid pH Shock on Physiological Changes of Chlamydomonas acidophila (Chlorophyta), UTCC 122 (pH 충격에 의한 Chlamydomonas acidophila (Chlorophyta), UTCC 122의 생리적 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kyung;Ki, Jang-Seu;Kim, Say-Wa;Han, Myung-Soo;Choi, Young-Kil;Yoo, Kwang-Il
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.35 no.3 s.99
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2002
  • The effect of low pH on physiological changes was studied with the acidophilic green alga, Clamydomonas acidophila, UTCC 122. The growthrates (${\mu}$) were identical, $0.5{\sim}0.7\;day^{-1}$, at pH 3.7${\sim}$6.7 and no significantly different (ANOVA, p =0.134), showing cell volume reduced gradually as they were growing, whereas that at pH 2.7 was falling to zero and cell volume increased dramatically. Chlorophyll a concentration of the cultures incubated for one day was $191{\sim}255\;pg\;cell^{-1}$, after then it declined from $60{\sim}103\;pg\;cell^{-1}$ at pH 3.7${\sim}$6.7 except $210\;pg\;cell^{-1}$ at pH 2.7, which was directly related with cell volume. External carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was varied from1.1 to$3.7{\times}10^{-4}\;E.U.\;mm^{-2}$, showing the gradualincrease during culture, except at 2.7 and pH 5.7. However there was not found any relationship among the pH gradient cultures. CA molecular mass of C. acidophila was 29 kBa, and concentration of that was identical in all cultures. The proteins of 41 kDa and 63 were not or very faintly expressed in low pH cultures, in contrast that of 17 kDa more expressed. In this work, we found that C. acidophila could live optimally within a wide range of acidic pH, and 17 kDa of unidentified protein might be concerned with tolerating in low acid environment.

Study on Ventilation Efficiency of A Naturally Ventilated Broiler House-( I ) Summer Season (자연환기식 육계사내의 환기효율성 조사연구-( I )하절기)

  • 이인복;유병기;정문성;윤진하;전종길;김경원;성시흥
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 2003
  • Most of broiler houses in Korea have the trouble of environmental control such as suitability, stability, and uniformity of internal climate, resulting in serious stress on chickens. Accordingly, it is very urgent to develop optimum designs of naturally and mechanically ventilated broiler houses for Korean climate. In this study, the internal climates such as air temperature, humidity, dust, ammonia gas, and air velocity were measured at a naturally ventilated broiler house. The data were collected during summer season including local weather data. It was found that the difference between measured and optimum air temperatures was $14.0^{\circ}C$ in maximum during the summer time. The daily maximum range of internal averaged air temperature was found $10.5^{\circ}C$ while the uniformity was $5.2^{\circ}C$ in maximum. The maximum, average, and minimum internal averaged relative humidity were 89.3%, 73.7%, and 49.2%, respectively while locally measured were 95.1% and 47.2%, respectively in maximum and minimum. Considering Temperature-humidity index, during summer season, over 97% of totally rearing period was shown that counter plan is needed for thermal stress while it was very dangerous situation for 22% of the rearing period. The ammonia gas and dust concentrations were seriously affected by the broilers activity, growth level, and relative humidity.

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The Effects of Feeding Feed Additives Containing Microorganisms on Characteristics of Excreta in Finishing Pigs (비육돈에 미생물제제 급여시 분뇨 특성에 미치는 효과)

  • Kwag, J.H.;Choi, D.Y.;Park, Ch.H.;Kim, J.H.;Jeong, K.H.;Yang, Ch.B.;Yoo, Y.H.;Chen, H.S.;La, C.S.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.153-160
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    • 2007
  • Study for the effect of three different microbial feed additives(henceforth MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C) on feed coversion rate, and physical and chemical characteristics of swine finisher was conducted. MA-B had higher number of Lactobacillus spp. and yeast, compared to any other. The amylase activity of MA-B was also higher than any other. The daily feed intake rates of pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B and MA-C were 3.15, 3.14, 3.31 and 3.42 kg, respectively. MA-C had the highest weight gain. However, there was no significant difference between treatments. The weights of feces daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 2.14, 2.02, 2.18, and 2.23 kg/day, respectively. The volume of urine daily excreted by pigs fed control, MA-A, MA-B, and MA-C were 3.14, 3.26, 3.27, and $3.41\;{\ell}/day$, respectively. Water content, T-N, $P_{2}O_{5}$, and $K_{2}O$ in swine manure were not significantly different between treatments. The BOD were between 42,576 and $67,450\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 5,882.5 and $8,657.5\;mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively. The SS were between 138,000 and $180,000\;mg/{\ell}$ for feces and were between 875.0 and $1450.0mg/{\ell}$ for urine, respectively.

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Studies on the Improvement and Utilization of Pasture in the Foerst II. The effect of shde on the intake palptability and grazing behavior (임간초지의 개량 및 이용에 관한 연구 II. 채식기호성 및 방목습성에 미치는 비음의 영향)

  • 이인덕;윤익석;이조윤;신용국
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.207-211
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    • 1985
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of shade (full day light; 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20%) and fertilization levels (high; $N\;30kg-P_2O_5\;35kg-K_2O\;30kg$, moderate; $N\;20kg-P_2O_5\;25kg-K_2O\;20kg$, and low; $N\;10kg-P_2O_5\;15kg-K_2O\;10kg$) of forest pasture on intake palatability of Korean native goat, and the effects of shade under the conditions of 50% shaded forest pasture and full day light pastures on grazing behavior. This experiment was done at the experimental field of Chungnam National University, in Taejon, from 1983 to 1984. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The dry matter intake, R.I.I. and Touch number of Korean native goat were affected by the shade degrees and fertilization levels, generally the increase of the fertilization level and high shading degree increased the NO_3-N$ contents in the plants, but decreased the soluble carbohydrate contents. It means that the decrease of the utilization of the shade culture grasses is due to the decreased intake palatability of forest pastures, particularly the conditions high fertilization level and above 60% of shading level seemed to have a nitrate stress. 2. Grazing time of forest pastures by Korean native goat tended to be spend more time than full day light pastures, also tendency of the major grazing activity tended to be graze continuously without difference of variation of grazing time within a day. Considering of the characteristies os shade, the intensive utilization of forest pastures seemed to be most effective during the high temperature season in August.

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Comparison of Anticancer Activities of Berberis koreana Extracts Obtained by Different Extraction Processes (추출 공정별 매자나무 추출물의 항암활성 비교)

  • Ha, Ji-Hye;Kwon, Min-Cheol;Seo, Yong-Chang;Choi, Woon-Yong;Chung, Eul-Kwon;Chung, Ae-Ran;Kim, Jin-Chul;Ahn, Ju-Hee;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.233-239
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to examine the anticancer activities of Berberis koreana extracts according to different extraction processes. The highest extraction yield obtained was 8.26% following extraction by ultrasonification at 60 kHz and $60^{\circ}C$ followed by high pressure at 500MPa. Generally, the extracts from the ultrasonification process showed relatively low cytotoxicities against the human normal cell line, HEK293 showing as low as 15%. This extract inhibited the growth of the digestive related organs cell lines, human stomach adenocarcimoma cell and human epithelial adenocarcinoma cell by up to 80% when administered at 1.0 mg/mL, and showed 2.5-3.5 of selectivity. It was also found that this extract induced the production of nitric oxide levels as high $37.87\;{\mu}M$ from macrophages. For the in vivo experiment using ICR mice, the total serum IgG levels of mice treated with B. koreana extracts from ultrasonification extraction were increased by up to 57 ng/mL. The survival time of this group was longer than that of the other group after the injection of Sarcoma-180 and the increment of their body weights was also greatly suppressed. In addition, the extract showed the highest tumor inhibition activities, leading to a reduction of 78.47%. These results indicate that the highest activities of B. koreana associated with this extraction process can be significantly improved.

The Anti-diabetic Effects of Kocat-D1 on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats (Kocat-D1의 streptozotocin으로 유도한 당뇨모델에 대한 항당뇨 활성)

  • Won, Hye-Jin;Lee, Hyun-Sun;Kim, Jong-Tak;Hong, Chung-Oui;Koo, Yun-Chang;Lee, Kwang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.204-209
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of Kocat-D1, which is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes in Shandong, China. Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks of age) were separated into 4 groups: a normal control, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat group (DM control), Kocat-D1-1 (diabetic rat treated with 0.25 g/kg/day hot water extract), and Kocat-D1-2 (diabetic rat treated with 1 g/kg/day hot water extract). After eight weeks of treatment, the fasting blood glucose levels of the Kocat-D1-1 ($334.3{\pm}32.9\;mg/dL$) and Kocat-D1-2 group ($259.5{\pm}35.0\;mg/dL$) were significantly lower when compared to the DM control group ($451{\pm}42.6\;mg/dL$). Furthermore, the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), albumin and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the serum of the Kocat-D1-2 group were significantly normalized when compared to the DM control group. However, significant differences were not observed between the Kocat-D1-1 group and the DM control group. Histochemical staining of the liver of the Kocat-D1-2 group revealed no fat accumulation. The insulin level was significantly upregulated in the Kocat-D1-2 group ($0.13{\pm}0.02\;ng/mL$) when compared to the DM control group ($0.05{\pm}0.04\;ng/mL$). The relative volume of $\beta$-cells in the pancreas of the Kocat-D1-2 group ($49.4{\pm}4.2%$) also increased significantly when compared to the DM control group ($12.9{\pm}7.9%$). These results suggest that Kocat-D1 exerts an anti-hyperglycemic effect through the enhancement of insulin secretion.

Preventive Effects of Rosa rugosa Root Extract on Advanced Glycation End product-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction (해당근 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 최종당화산물에 의한 혈관내피세포 기능장애 억제활성)

  • Nam, Mi-Hyun;Lee, Hyun-Sun;Hong, Chung-Oui;Koo, Yoon-Chang;Seo, Mun-Young;Lee, Kwang-Won
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.210-216
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    • 2010
  • Rosa rugosa has traditionally been used as a folk remedy for diabetes. The objective of this study was therefore to demonstrate the inhibition of endothelial dysfunction activities through antioxidants and the anti-glycation of Rosa rugosa roots. Dried roots of Rosa rugosa were boiled in methanol for three hours, evaporated and lyophilized with a freeze-dryer. The methanolic extract of Rosa rugosa roots (RRE) was tested for antioxidant activities by measuring total polyphenol (TP) content, flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging activity (DPPH) assay, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The total TP content, flavonoid content, FRAP value, and $DPPHSC_{50}$ are $345.2\;{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg dry matter (DM), $128.1\;{\mu}g$ quercetin equivalents/mg DM, 2.2 mM $FeSO_4$/mg DM and $34.2\;{\mu}g$ DM/mL, respectively. Treatment of RRE significantly lowered fluorescent formation due to advanced glycation reaction. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging assay, monocyte adherent assay and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay were performed to investigate the possibility that RRE improves endothelial dysfunction-induced diabetic complications. The adhesion of THP-1 to treated HUVEC with RRE ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$; 33% and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$; 75%) was significantly reduced compared to HUVEC stimulated by glyceraldehydes-AGEs (advanced glycation end product). The TEER value ($88\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$) of stimulated HUVEC by glyceraldehydes-AGEs was reduced compared to non-stimulation ($113\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$). However, normalization with RRE increased endothelial permeability in a dose-dependent manner ($100\;{\mu}g/mL$; $102\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ and $500\;{\mu}g/mL$; $106\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$). Thus, these results suggest that Rosa rugosa roots could be a novel candidate for the prevention of diabetic complications through antioxidants and inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation.

Nutritional Composition and Cytoprotective Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Drumstick-tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.)의 주요 영양성분 및 추출물의 신경세포 보호 효과)

  • Jin, Su Il;Kim, Hyeon Ju;Jeong, Ji Hee;Jin, Dong Eun;Choi, Sung-Gil;Heo, Ho Jin
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.609-615
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    • 2014
  • The cytoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. (drumstick tree) on neuronal cells was investigated to confirm the physiological benefits associated with this natural food resource. First, the drumstick tree extract was chemically analyzed to determine inherent nutritional constituents. Calcium and potassium were identified as the major mineral constituents, and palmitic acid (C16:0, 16.33%) and gadoleic acid (C20:01, 66.34%) were detected as the major fatty acids. Moreover, drumstick tree extract contained 94.78 mg/100 g vitamin E and 112.61 mg/100 g niacin. PC12 cells were used to study the cytoprotective effects of drumstick tree extract. Intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species was significantly reduced when $H_2O_2$ treated-neuronal cells were cultured in a medium containing the methanolic extract of drumstick tree, compared to cells treated with only $H_2O_2$. Cell viability assay using MTT showed that the extract protected cells against $H_2O_2$-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited LDH leakage from the cell membrane. Caspase assay showed that the extract exerted cytoprotective effect against apoptosis. Consequently, these data suggest that drumstick tree is a useful natural resource with positive effects on human health.