• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on elementary school children's lifestyle and to contribute to developing on the health education program in elementary schools. The subjects were 1,412 children in 4 elementary schools in Gangwon-Do and Chonrabuk-Do area. Data collection was done from September to November 2001 by questionnaire and school health documents. The questionnaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by Bronson School of Nursing(1991), 'Lifestyle Questionnaire for School-age Children'. The questionnaire consists of 3 categories; 'Activities that promote health', 'Injury prevention', 'Feeling'. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 29 items was .68. The data analyzed to obtain frequency, mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS Win program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Females(50.2%) of gender, 6th grade(24.2%) of grade, nuclear family(82.0%) of family type, beyond college graduate(54.5%) of father's school career, under high school graduate(58.1%) of mother's school career, first of birth order(47.1%) were majority. Mean of father's age was 41.2 and mother's age was 38.1. 2. The mean of lifestyle was 66.4, feeling was 73.3, activities that promote health was 60.3 and injury prevention was 64.0. The highest degree of activities that promote health was 「I eat fruits」and injury prevention was 「I look both ways when crossing streets」and feeling was 「I enjoy my family」. The lowest degree of activities that promote health was 「I visit the dentist every tear」 and injury prevention was 「I wear a helmet when I go on bike trips」 and feeling was 「I think it is okay to cry」. 3. There were significant differences in lifestyle of gender(t=4.309, p=.000), grade(F=6.299, p=.000), father's age(t=2.534, p=.011), father's education(t=-4.933, p=.000), mother's education(t=-3.360, p=.001), birth order (t=5.363, p=.000). There were significant differences in activities that promote health of gender(t=-2.462, P=.014), grade(F=4.893, p=.000), father's education(t=-4.480, p=.000), birth order(t=4.343, p=.000), in injury prevention of gender(t=-4.452, p=.000), grade(F=8.636, p=.000), father's age(t=3.386, p=.001), mother's age(t=2.059, p=.040), father's education(t=-6.051, p=.000), mother's education(t=-5.173, p=.000), birth order(t=4.417, p=.000) and in feeling of gender (t=-3.285, p=.001), grade(F=7.526, p=.000), mother's age(t=-3.268, p=.001). 4. Activities that promote health was positively correlated with injury prevention(r=.432, p=.000), feeling(r=.210, p=.000), lifestyle (r=.785, p=.000). Injury prevention was positively correlated with feeling(r=.256, p=.000), lifestyle(r=.854, p=.000) also feeling was positively correlated with lifestyle(r=.504, p=.000). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to promote elementary school children's health. Because helmet use score in injury prevention marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage helmet use when planning injury prevention and health promotion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2002

연구배경 : 진폐증은 주로 분진흡입에 의해 폐실질에 섬유화를 일으키는 질환으로 만성염증에 의해 폐포내에 대식세포를 축적시키는 특정이 있으며, 크게 단순진폐증(SP)과 진행성 종괴성 폐섬유증(PMF)으로 구분된다. 본 연구의 목적은 진폐증 환자에서 질환의 심한 정도를 ILO 분류에 따라 SP, PMF로 구분한 후, 감염이나 기타 기저질환이 없는 상태에서 혈중 임파구 분획 및 싸이토카인의 농도를 비교한 것이다. 방 법 : 태백 중앙 병원과 영동 병원의 진폐증 환자 중 정밀 검사를 시행하기 위해 병원을 방문한 단순진폐증 환자와 입원 중이거나 정밀검사를 시행한 진행성 종괴성 폐섬유증 환자, 대조군을 대상으로 하였고, 대조군(C;10), 단순진폐증 (S;19), 진행성 종괴성 폐섬유증 (P;30명)에서 혈중 임파구 분획을, C(10), S(14), P(14명)에서 싸이토카인 (IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-4))의 농도를 비교하고, 특히 흡연력이나 연령, 폐기능에 의해 변할 수 있는 싸이토카인의 변화를 동시에 고려하여 진폐증의 심한 정도와의 연관성을 관찰하였다. 결 과 : C, S, P 3 군간의 B-임파구, T, $T_H$, Ts, 및 NK-세포를 측정하였을 때 대조군과 단순진폐증환자 사이에서 T, $T_H$는 통계학적으로 의미있게 증가하였으며(P<.01) $T_H$는 두 군간에 의미있게 감소하였으나(P<.01), S, P 두 군 사이에는 특별한 변화가 없었다. 세 군 사이의 싸이토카인 분비 양상은 통계학적인 의의를 발견할 수 없었다. 결 론 : 혈청 임파구 분획은 C군과 비교하여 S군에서 T, $T_H$는 통계학적으로 의미 있게 증가하였으며 Ts는 감소하는 경향을 나타내어 진폐증의 진행 초기에 이들이 연관성이 있다고 추측되어진다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.450-458
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• 2001

본 연구는 유배우 취업모의 배우자, 부모, 직업 역할의 질에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하고, 역할의 질과 건강에 대한 구조모형을 제시하기 위해 시도되었다. 이러한 목적을 위해 수도권에 거주하는 맞벌이 부부가운데 자녀가 있는 여성 342명을 대상으로 몇가지 일반적 특성과 역할의 질은 Park et al.(1999)의 도구를 일부 수정하여 배우자 역할의 질. 부모 역할의 질. 직업 역할의 질 등을 측정하였고. Rosenburg(1965)의 척도를 활용하여 자아존중감을 측정하였으며. Ware & Sherborne (1992)의 SF-36을 이용하여 건강수준 등에 관한 자료를 수집하였으며, 이 도구들의 신뢰도는 모두 Cronbach alpha<.80으로 신뢰할 만한 수준이었다. 수집된 자료를 통하여 가설모형을 수정한 후에 다음과 같은 연구결과를 얻었다. 배우자 역할의 질이 높을수록 자아존중감이 높을 것이다라는 가설은 기각되었고, 부모 역할의 질이 높을수록 자아존중감이 높았으며(r=.42. p<.001). 직업 역할의 질이 높을수록 자아존중감이 높을 것이라는 가설도 경로계수 r=.37로 통계적으로 유의하였다(P<0.001). 배우자 역할의 질이 높을수록 건강수준도 좋았으며 (r= .14. p<.05). 직업 역할의 질이 높을수록 건강수준이 좋았지만(r=.16. p<0.10). 부모역할의 질이 건강에 미치는 직접적인 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 부모 역할의 질이 자아존중감을 통해 건강수준에 간접적으로 미치는 효과는 0.11이며 통계적으로 유의하였고. 직업 역할의 질도 0.26으로 자아존중감을 통한 간접효과가 있었다. 자아존중감에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 부모역할의 질이었고. 건강수준에 대해서는 자아존중감과 직업역할의 질이 비교적 큰 효과를 지니고 있었다. 자아존중감은 역할의 질이 건강수준에 영향을 주는 것에 대한 매개변수로서 역할을 할 뿐 아니라 직접적인 효과도 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다. 부모. 직업역할의 질에 의해 자아존중감의 43%가 설명되며, 건강수준은 배우자, 부모, 직업역할의 질과 자아존중감에 의해 21%가 설명되었다. 이 구조모형의 전반적 부합지수는 Chi-square 0.58(P<0.75), GFI= 1.00. AGFI=0.99. NFI= 1.00, NNFI = 1.02, RMR=0.0072 등으로 이 모형이 경험적 자료에 의해 매우 잘 뒷받침되고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2010

연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 골 유착된 임플란트에 인위적 비틀림을 가한 후 골 유착이 다시 일어나는지, 혹은 일어나지 않는지, 일어난다면 이전의 골유착보다 강화되는지, 약화되는지에 대해 알아보기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법:상업적으로 순수한 티타늄 (commercial pure titanium 99%)으로 직경 3.75 mm, 길이 4 mm의 표면처리 없는 실험용 임플란트를 제작하였다. 3.0 kg이상의 뉴질랜드산 흰색 암컷 토끼 7마리의 좌우 경골에 제작한 임플란트를 2개씩 식립 후, 6주의 골유착 유도 기간 부여 후 비틀림 제거력을 측정한 경우를 I군으로, 다시 임플란트 고정체를 재위치시키고 봉합하여 4주간의 치유기간을 더 두고 측정한 경우를 II군으로 분류하였다. 광학현미경을 이용한 조직 형태학적 분석을 위하여, 1차 비틀림 제거력 측정 직후 1마리의 토끼를 희생시키고, 2차 비틀림 제거력 측정 직후 2마리의 토끼를 희생시켜 각각 4개, 7개의 시편을 제작하여, 광학현미경 (${\times}20$) 분석에서 골-임플란트 접촉 (Bone-Implant contact, BIC, %)비율과 치밀골 부위에 위치하는 임플란트의 나사산 수를 측정하여 CBa (Bone area in the cortical passage)비율을 측정하였다. 비틀림 제거력과 BIC및 CBa비율에서의 I군과 II군의 통계적 유의성 ($\alpha$=.05)을 평가하였다. 결과: 비틀림 제거력 측정에서 I군은 $10.8{\pm}3.6$ NCm로 측정되었으며, II군은 $20.2{\pm}9.7$ NCm로 측정되었으며, I군보다II군의 비틀림 제거력이 평균 98.1% 증가되었다 (P<.05). 조직 형태학적 분석에서 BIC와 CBa 비율은 I군과 II군 사이에 통계적 유의성을 나타내지 않았고 (P>.05), RT/BIC와 RT/CBa 값은 I군과 II군 사이에 통계적 유의성을 나타냈다 (P<.05). 결론: 임플란트 고정체에 의원성 비틀림 동요가 발생한 경우에 초기 골유착을 얻기 위해 필요로 했던 치유기간보다 짧은 기간 내에 이전보다 견고한 골유착을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2007

녹차씨유의 장기간 섭취가 혈청 콜레스테롤과 간 조직에서의 항산화능 및 염증반응 인자에 미치는 영향을 동맥경화 유발이 용이한 콜레스테롤식이를 섭취시킨 쥐에서 연구하였다. 4주령의 C57BL/6 mice($male,\;20.01{\pm}0.24\;g$)를 3군으로 나눈 후 콜레스테롤식이에 옥수수유, 녹차씨유, 올리브유를 각각 10%씩 함유한 식이를 9주간 섭취시켰다. 3주마다 안구혈관으로부터 혈액을 취해 혈청 콜레스테롤을 측정하였고 항산화능은 9주 후 간 조직에서 TBARS로 측정하였으며 혈장과 대식세포에서의 LTB4, TNF-α, PGE2, NO측정을 통하여 염증반응인자에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험군 간의 체중의 증가는 녹차씨유군에서 올리브유군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 식이섭취량은 녹차씨유군에서 유의적으로 낮았으나(p<0.05) 군 간의 식이효율에는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 녹차씨유군에서 다른 군에 비해 체중이 감소한 것은 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 식이섭취량이 다소 낮은 수준에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 간의 무게는 올리브유군에서 가장 낮았으나 녹차씨유군과 옥수수유군 간에는 차이가 없었다. 혈청의 콜레스테롤농도는 식이 섭취 6주까지는 모든 군에서 증가하였으나 그 증가수준은 녹차씨유군에서 옥수수유군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05) 식이섭취 9주에는 군 간에 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 간조직의 TBARS는 옥수수유군에 비해 녹차씨군과 올리브유군에서 모두 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈장의 LTB4, TNF-α, NO의 생성능은 녹차씨유 섭취군에서 가장 낮은 경향을 보였으며 대식세포에서는 녹차씨유을 섭취시킨 군이 옥수수유를 섭취시킨 경우보다 이들 염증반응인자의 생성정도가 다소 낮은 경향을 보였으나 실험군들 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않아 녹차씨유는 염증반응인자에 대하여 다른 식물성기름과 다르지 않는 영향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때 올리브유와 지방산 조성이 유사한 녹차씨유의 일정기간섭취는 콜레스테롤식이 섭취에 따른 혈장의 콜레스테롤 농도 억제하는 효과가 있으며 옥수수유 섭취군에 비해 효과적으로 TBARS생성을 낮추므로 녹차씨유가 콜레스테롤식이 섭취에 따른 산화적 스트레스를 방어하는 효과가 있고 녹차씨유가 혈장과 대식세포에서의 염증반응에 미치는 영향은 옥수수유나 올리브유와 크게 다르지 않는 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1993

액아배양(腋芽培養)에 의한 참나무류(類) 수형목(秀型木) 4수종(상수리나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무 및 신갈나무) 37가계(家系) 2-0묘에 대한 기내증식능(器內增殖能)을 조사(調査)하였다. 줄기증식(增殖)은 WPM에 BA 0.5mg/l와 NAA 0.01mg/l 조건(條件)에서, 발근(發根)은 GD배지(培地)에 IBA 0.5mg/l가 함유(含有)된 조건(條件)에서 시험(試驗)하였다. 줄기증식(增殖)및 발근(發根)은 가계(家系)에 따른 차이가 현저하였다. 줄기의 연속증식(連續增殖)에는 상수리나무 7가계(家系), 기타(其他) 수종(樹種)은 2가계씩 만이 가능하였다. 발근 역시 가계간 차이가 심하여 상수리나무는 전북(全北) 25, 경북(慶北) 4호 가계에서 10%를 보인 반면 전북 18호 가계에서는 89.8% 의 높은 발근율(發根率)을 보였고, 그외 수종은 매우 저조(低調)한 발근율(發根率)을 보였다. 대체로 졸참나무류의 졸참나무 및 신갈나무가 상수리나무류의 상수리나무 및 굴참나무 보다 줄기증식(增殖)이나 발근율(發根率)이 저조(低調)한 경향(傾向)이었다. 4수종(樹種)모두 줄기증식(增殖)과 발근율(發根率)과는 뚜렷한 상관성(相關性)이 없었으며 졸참나무와 신갈나무는 줄기증식(增殖)과 발근유도(發根誘導)시 정단괴저(頂端壞疽)가 크게 문제(問題)되었다. 발근시(發根時) 캘러스가 형성된 것은 토양활착(土壤活着)이 부진하였다. 참나무류 선발목(選拔木) 가계의 효율적(效率的)인 기내증식(器內增殖)을 위한 가계선발(家系選拔), 줄기연속 증식(增殖)의 저해요인(沮害要因), 기타 토양이식(土壤移植) 활착(活着)에 영향(影響)을 주는 요인(要因)들이 검토되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.584-596
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• 1994

The objective of the study is to explore the relationships between the variables of nursing productivity on the framework of system del in the tertiary university based care hospital in Korea. Productivity is basically defined as the relation-ship between inputs and outputs. Under the proposition that the nursing unit is a system that produces nursing care output using personal and material resources through the nursing intervention and nursing care management. And this major conception of nursing productivity system comproises input, process and output and feed-back. These categorized variables are essential parts to produce desirable and meaningful out-put. While nursing personnel from head nurse to staff nurses cooperate with each other, the head nurse directs her subordinates to achieve the goal of nursing care unit. In this procedure, the head nurse uses the leadership of authority and benevolence. Meantime nursing productivity will be greatly influenced by environment and surrounding organizational structures, and by also the operational objectives, the policy and standards of procedures. For the study of nursing productivity one sample hospital with 15 general nursing care units was selected. Research data were collected for 3 weeks from May 31 to June 20 in 1993. Input variables were measured in terms of both the served and the server. And patient classification scores were measured drily by degree of nursing care needs that indicated patent case-mix. And also nurses' educational period for profession and clinical experience and the score of nurses' personality were measured as producer input variables by the questionnaires. The process varialbes act necessarily on leading input resources and result in desirable nursing outputs. Thus the head nurse's leadership perceived by her followers is defined as process variable. The output variables were defined as length of stay, average nursing care hours per patient a day the score of quality of nursing care, the score of patient satisfaction, the score of nurse's job satis-faction. The nursing unit was the basis of analysis, and various statistical analyses were used : Reliability analysis(Cronbach's alpha) for 5 measurement tools and Pearson-correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationship among the variables. The results were as follows : 1. Significant positive relationship between the score of patient classification and length of stay was found(r=.6095, p.008). 2. Regression coefficient between the score of patient classification and length of stay was significant (β=.6245, p=.0128), and variance explained was 39%. 3. Significant positive relationship between nurses’ educational period and length of stay was found(r=-.4546, p=.044). 5. Regression coefficient between nurses' educational period and the score of quality of nursing care was significant (β=.5600, p=.029), and variance explained was 31.4%. 6. Significant positive relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the length of stay was found (r=.5869, p=.011). 7. Significant negative relationship between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was found(r=-.4578, p=.043). 8. Regression coefficient between the score of head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and average nursing care hours was significant(β=-.6912, p=.0043), variance explained was 47.8%. 9. Significant positive relationship between the score of the head nurse's leadership of benevolent characteristics and the score of nurses' job satis-faction was found(r=.4499, p=050). 10. A significant canonical correlation was found between the group of the independent variables consisted of the score of the nurses' personality, the score of the head nurse's leadership of authoritic characteristics and the group of the dependent variables consisted of the length of stay, average nursing care hours(Rc²=.4771, p=.041). Through these results, the assumed relationships between input variables, process variable, output variables were partly supported. In addition it is also considered necessary that-further study on the relationships between nurses' personality and nurses' educational period, between nurses' clinical experience including skill level and output variables in many research samples should be made.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.414-429
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• 1990

Numerous research reports have substantiated the role of stressful life events in relation to the onset of health changes. The relationship tends to hold across different age groups. Theoretically, adolescence has been considered a developmental crisis period of great stress, impoverished coping skills and high vulnerability to biological, social and psychological demands. The research problem addressed by this study was to examine the relationships between stressful life events and health symptom patterns, and the effect of two variables, coping and social, support, theoretically considered to mediate the relationship between stress and health symptoms in adolescents. The following five hypotheses were tested in this research : 1. Health symptoms are positively related to stressful life events in adolescents, 2. Health symptoms are negatively related to coping in adolescents, 3. Health symptoms are negatively related to social support in adolescents, 4. When coping is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will decrease, and 5. When social support is controlled, the relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events will increase. The study subjects consisted of 1090 high school students of the metropolitan city of Seoul. The following sampling procedure was used : 1. Of the 169 high schools in nine school administrative districts in the city, a proportional sample of ten schools was selected. 2. One class from each of the freshman and sophomore was randomly selected and all the students who were in the sampled class were used as the study sample. The study was limited to freshman and sophomore adolescents, aged 15 to 18(mean＝16.6). Of the 1090 subjects 688(63%) were boys and 402(37%) were girls. An Adolescent Inventory of Stressful Life Events, a Health Symptom Questionnaire and an Adolescent Coping Inventory were adapted for this study. The Norbeck Social Support questionnaire was utilized to collect the data on perceived social support. Five high school teachers in the areas of school health and counselling reviewed the items of each questionnaire for content validity. A pilot study was undertaken to ascertain reliability. Fifty three high school students responded to the questionnaires and gave their opinions on the items. For stressful life events, health symptoms, coping, and social support, the Cronbach's alpha's on the study were .70, .94, .77, and .76, respectively. Research assistants attended all the sampled classes with the school proctor to explain the purpose and procedures of the study to the students. The questionnaires along with a ballpoint pen were distributed to the students who were asked to complete each item. The research assistants left the ballpoint pen with the students as a gift for their cooperation. An average of 50 minutes was required to complete the questionnaires. Using an SPSS, the first, three hypotheses were tested using Gamma, a measure of association for ordinal variables. Partial gamma was used to test the fourth and fifth hypotheses. Patterns of elaboration described by Babbie were selected to interpret the relationship of the three variable analyses. The significance of gamma was determined by Chisquare at a .05 level of significance. There was a positive relationship between health symptoms and stressful life events(Gamma＝.35, p＝.000). Thus the first hypothesis was supported. Unexpectedly, coping was positively related with health symptoms(Gamma＝.13, p＝.000). That is, the higher the coping levels, the greater number of health problems. The third hypothesis, the higher the level of social support, the fewer the health symptoms, was not accepted in this adolescent study group. When coping was controlled, under the condition of low coping the association between health symptoms and stressful life events increased significantly to a partial gamma of .39, and under the condition of high coping it was .30. According to the elaboration model, when one partial relationship is the same or greater than the original and the other is smaller, the control variable should be considered to be specifying the conditions. When social support was controlled the relationship between stressful life events and health symptoms increased under the condition of low social support, but with high social support, the relationship decreased. Both partial gamma were statistically significant at .05 level(.43 and .26 relatively). It can be interpreted that stressful life events are strongly and positively related to health symptoms under the condition of low social support, however this relationship can not be expected with high social support. Thus, the last two hypotheses were conditionally sustained. In this study, the relationships between stressful life events and health symptoms, and the specified me diating roles of coping and social support were found to have statistical interaction. This finding supports the theoretical position of this study. It suggests that stressful life events would create high susceptability to biological social and psychological health symptoms and coping and social support buffering the relationship between stressful life events and health symptom. The findings of this study have implications for nursing practice. When adolescents are confronted with non-developmental life events that are perceived as stressful, nurses should recognize the evidence of the stress-buffering effect of coping and social support on health symptoms and utilize the diverse sources of social support that are readily available to adolescents.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-192
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the care needs of family-caregivers to the patients with stroke. Subjects were 115 family-caregivers caring for the patients while they were in-patients or out-patients with stroke in two general hospitals and one oriental medicine hospital located in Seoul and Kwang-Ju. The instrument used for this study was made by the researcher on the basis of results of literature review and interviews with family-caregivers, composed of 35 items. Internal validity by calculation of cronbach's alpha with data of respondents was 0.91, which was regarded as high. The Data were analyzed by SAS program, with percentage, mean, t-test, and ANOVA. Factor structures of care needs of family-caregivers were elicited by factor analysis(PCA, Varimax rotation). Datum collection had been from July 1 to August 14, 1997. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of family-caregivers was 3.96 and the highest-mean item was 'need for immediate care(M=4.77)', and the lowest-mean item was 'need for chaplian's visit (M=2.82)'. 2. Care needs of the family-caregivers were : Need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care ; need of education and assistance related to physical functional level ; need of social support and consultation ; need of management of nursing problem related to immobility ; need of appreciation ; need of the way to communicate with patients ; need of immediate care and help. The highest mean factor was the 'need for immediate care and help(M=4.74)', and the lowest mean factor was the 'need of appreciation(M=3.58)'. 3. The variables influencing the degree of care needs perceived by family-caregivers to the patients with stroke were as follows : There were significant differences between need to be informed of the disease, treatment and care and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex (p=.0178), caring period(p=.0223) and patient's suffering period(p=.0244). There were significant differences between need of education and assistance related to physical functional level and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0177), patient's ADL dependency(p=.0032). There were significant differences between need of social support and consultation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's sex(p=.0055), occupation(p=.0159), religion(p=.0093) and patient's sex(p=.0134). There was significant difference in the degree of need of management of nursing problem related to immobility, according to the patient's ADL dependency(p=.0493). There were significant differences between need of appreciation and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's age(p=.0107), sex(p=.0133), and patient's age(p=.0338). There were significant differences between need of the way to communicate with patient and general characteristic factors, which were patient's paralysis(p=.0002) and aphasia(p=.0001). There were significant differences between need of immediate care and help and general characteristic factors, which were family caregiver's caring period(p=.0162) and patient's suffering period(p=.0116). 4. The mean score of patient's ADL dependency was 3. 38 and the highest-mean item was 'ascending and descending stairs(M=4.12)', and the lowest-mean item was 'drinking(M=2.60)'. There was no significant difference in the degrees of care needs related to the patient's ADL dependency. 5. The highest information source of family-caregivers was from the doctors about the disease, treatment and care(26.1%). The second highest one was from mass media(20.8%), and the third one was from the nurses. The above findings may be used as the basic data to seek more efficient way of elevating nursing practice and quality for family-caregivers to the patients with stroke.