• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.70 no.4
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2011

After an outbreak of H1N1 influenza A virus infection in Mexico in late March 2009, the World Health Organization raised its pandemic alert level to phase 6, and to the highest level in June 2009. The pandemic H1N1/A influenza was caused by an H1N1 influenza A virus that represents a quadruple reassortment of two swine strains, one human strain, and one avian strain of influenza. After the first case report of H1N1/A infection in early May 2009, South Korea was overwhelmed by this new kind of influenza H1N1/A pandemic, which resulted in a total of 700,000 formally reported cases and 252 deaths. In this article, clinical characteristics of victims of H1N1/A influenza infection, especially those who developed pneumonia and those who were cared for in the intensive care unit, are described. In addition, guidelines for the treatment of H1N1/A influenza virus infection victims in the ICU, which was suggested by the Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine, are introduced.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.361-364
• /
• 2001

Over an additive abelian group G of order g and for a given positive integer $\lambda$, a generalized Hadamard matrix GH(g, $\lambda$) is defined as a gλ$\times$gλ matrix[h(i, j)], where 1 $\leq i \leqg\lambda and 1 \leqj \leqg\lambda$, such that every element of G appears exactly $\lambd$atimes in the list h($i_1, 1) -h(i_2, 1), h(i_1, 2)-h(i_2, 2), …, h(i_1, g\lambda) -h(i_2, g\lambda), for any i_1\neqi_2$. In this paper, we propose a new method of expanding a GH(g^m, \lambda_1) = B = [B_{ij}] over G^m$ by replacing each of its m-tuple B_{ij} with B_{ij} + GH(g, $\lambda_2) where m = g\lambda_2. We may use g^m/\lambda_1 (not necessarily all distinct) GH(g, \lambda_2$)s for the substitution and the resulting matrix is defined over the group of order g.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2000

An efficient procedure for the preparation of 7,8-dichloro-6-nitro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4-(3H, 5H)-dione(7) as a potential lead compound for the NMDA receptor glycine binding site antagonist, starting from readily available 4,5-dichloro-2-nitroaniline(8), is described. The key step in the synthesis involves the cyclization of malonic ester amide 10 to compound 11.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.416-419
• /
• 1998

Identification of escherchia coli K1 polysaccharide antigen isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children were performed from of 1992 to 1993 in Kyoto, Japan. The serotypes of E. coli were categorized that O1:H7, O2:H6, O2:H7, O16:H6, O18:H7, O18:H￣, and O135:H44 among 14 strains isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children by the serological test. And, one strain (O18:H￣, isolation rate: 7.1%) of E. coli K1 polysaccharide antigen among 14 strains were isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children by the bacteriophage test.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 2009

Hydrogen producing bacterium, strain MeL 6-2 was isolated from the sludge of the factory areas in Anyang through the acclimation in basal salt medium (BSM) supplemented with 10 g/L of sucrose. Isolated strain MeL 6-2 was a facultative anaerobe which could grow in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. An aerobically grown pure culture isolated from enriched culture was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and identified as Rhodopseudomonas sp. MeL 6-2. Effects of the concentrations of glucose and sucrose on the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen production yield were investigated. When glucose in the range of 1~12 g/L was supplemented to the BSM, strain MeL 6-2 could grow without lag phase. An increased glucose concentration increased the specific hydrogen production rate linearly to $4.2\;mmol-H_2{\cdot}L^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at 10 g/L, and $60\;mmol-H_2{\cdot}mg-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$, but decreased slightly as the concentration increased to 12 g/L. The hydrogen production yield was maintained over a range from 2.6 to $3.1\;mol-H_2{\cdot}mol-glucose^{-1}$. When sucrose in the range of 1~12 g/L was supplemented to the BSM, strain MeL 6-2 could grow after ten hours. An increased sucrose concentration increased the specific hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen production yield to $163\;mmol-H_2{\cdot}mg-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and to $4.5\;mol-H_2{\cdot}mol-sucrose^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.605-611
• /
• 2023

Recently, sporadic cases of human infection by genetic reassortants of H7Nx influenza A viruses have been reported; such viruses have also been continuously isolated from avian species. In this study, A/wild bird/South Korea/sw-anu/2023, a novel reassortant of the H7N1 avian influenza virus, was analyzed using full-genome sequencing and molecular characterization. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A/wild bird/South Korea/sw-anu/2023 belonged to the Eurasian lineage of H7Nx viruses. The polymerase basic (PB)2, PB1, polymerase acidic (PA), and nucleoprotein (NP) genes of these viruses were found to be closely related to those of avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds, while the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M), and nonstructural (NS) genes were similar to those of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks. In addition, A/wild bird/South Korea/sw-anu/2023 also had a high binding preference for avian-specific glycans in the solid-phase direct binding assay. These results suggest the presence of a new generation of H7N1 avian influenza viruses in wild birds and highlight the reassortment of avian influenza viruses found along the East Asian-Australasian flyway. Overall, H7Nx viruses circulate worldwide, and mutated H7N1 avian viruses may infect humans, which emphasizes the requirement for continued surveillance of the H7N1 avian influenza virus in wild birds and poultry.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 1996

To improve the efficiency of nuclear transplantation in the rabbit, this study were evaluated the influence of celly cycle of donor nuclei on the in vitro developmental potential in the nuclear transplant embryos. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does at 48h post-hCG injection and they were synchronized to G1 phase of 32-cell stage. Synchronization of the cell cylce of blastomeres were induced, first, using an microtubules polymerization inhibitor, 0.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml colcemid for 10h to arrest blastomeres in metaphase, and secondly, using a DNA synthesis inhibitor, 0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml aphidicolin for 1.5 to 2h to cleave to 32-cell stage and arrest them in G1 phase. The separated G1 phase blastomeres of 32-cell stage were injectied into enucleated recipient cytoplasms by micromanipulation. After culture until 20h post-hCG injection, the nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused and activated by electrical stimulation. The nuclear transplant embryos were co-cultured for 120h. In vitro cultured embryos were monitored every 24h to assess for development rate. After in vitro cultue for 120h, the nuclear transplant embryos developed to blastocyst stage were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres under a fluorescence microscopy. The cleavage rate of blastomeres from 16-cell stage stage rabbit embryos treated with colcemid for 10h or aphidicolin for 6h following colcemid for 10h were not significantly different. The electrofusion rate was similar by high in S and G1 phase donor nuclei as 80.6 and 79.1%, respectively. However, the nuclear transplant embryos using G1 phase donor nuclei were developed to blastocyst at high rate(60.3%) than those using S phase donor nuclei(26.0%). Moreover, the mean blastocyst stage were increased significantly(P<0.05) with the G1 phase donor nuclei(176.6 cells and 1.50 cycles), as compared with the S phase donor nuclei(136.6 cells and 1.42 cycles). These results show that the blastomeres of G1 phase were more successful as donor nuclei in the nuclear transplant procedure, compared with S phase.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish the in vitro propagation system by shoot tip culture of six Hosta species native to Korea (Hosta capitata (Koidz.) Nakai, H. clausa Nakai, H. jonesii M.G.Chung, H. minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F.Maek., and H. yingeri S.B.Jones) for mass proliferation and a new cultivar development. The shoot tips of each Hosta species were cultured on MS medium containing eight combinations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg/L BA with 0.1 mg/L NAA, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L TDZ with 0.1 mg/L NAA, and without any PGRs (control). They were investigated on callus, somatic embryo, crown bud, differentiation and growth of shoot and root, total fresh weight after 8 weeks of culture. In all six Hosta species, callus and somatic embryo induction rate and multiple shooting rate of the PGRs treatment group were higher than that of the control group. The highest number of differentiated shoots were obtained on medium supplemented with 2.0 ㎎/L TDZ in H. capitata (5.4), 1.0 mg/L TDZ in H. clausa and H. jonesii (3.3 and 5.8, respectively), 0.5 mg/L BA in H. minor (11.1), 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L TDZ in H. venusta (8.1), and 0.5 mg/L TDZ in H. yingeri (9.8). In somatic embryo formation, the PGRs treatment group of H. jonesii and H. yingeri were more effective than the control group, and the effects were relatively less in H. capitata, H. clausa Nakai, H. minor, H. venusta. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. Crown bud formation of four Hosta species (H.capitata, H. clausa, H. jonesiig, and H. yingeri) were also higher in the PGRs treatment group than in the control group. H. clausa showed no significant effect on callus and shoot differentiation regardless of the type and concentration of cytokinin, but slightly increased in formation of crown bud in TDZ.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.401-412
• /
• 2001

The geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies, and dissociation energies for $H_{2n+1}^+$ (n=1~6) clusters have been investigated using high level ab initio quantum mechanical techniques with large basis sets. The equilibrium geometries have been optimized at the self-consistent field (SCF), the single and double excitation configuration interaction (CISD), the coupled cluster with single and double excitation (CCSD), and the CCSD with connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)] levels of theory. The highest levels of theory employed in this study are TZ2P+d CCSD(T) up to $H^+_g$ and TZ2P CCSD(T) for $H_{11}^+$ and $H_{13}^+$. Harmonic vibrational frequencies are also determined at the SCF level of theory with various basis sets and confirm that all the optimized geometries are true minima. The dissociation energies, $D_e$, for $H_{2n+1}^+$ (n=26) have been predicted using energy differences at each optimized geometry and zero-point vibrational energies(ZPVEs) have been considered to compare with experimental dissociation energies, $D_0$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.318-323
• /
• 2000

The intercalated compounds of alkylsulfonates into hydrated zinc were synthesized. From the high temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HTXRD), FT-IR, and molecular size, the temperature dependence of orientation for the intercalated alkylsulfonates were determined. In the temperatures range 1, alkylsulfonates were intercalated into hexa aqua zinc layer with the bilayer structure of $32.9^{\circ}$angle for ${Zn(H_2O_4]^{2+}[C_nH_{2n+1}SO_3]_2\;^-$. In the temperatures range 2, alkylsulfonates were intercalated into tetra aqua zinc layer with the bilayer structure of $55.2^{\circ}$angle for ${Zn(C_nH_{2n+1}SO_3)_2$. In the temperatures range 3, alkylsulfonates were directly bonded to zinc ion with the bilayer structure of $76.5^{\circ}$angle for ${Zn(C_nH_{2n+1}SO_3)_2$.