• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.61-79
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• 2001

Was die Konzeption von Wortbedeutung angeht, so ist festzustellen, $da\ss$ sich in der lexikalischen Semantik Konzeptionen von sprachlicher Wortbedeutung in zwei Hauptauffassungen teilen lassen. D.h. eine komponentielle Bedeutungsauffassung, nach der Wortbedeutungen in einzelne semantische Komponenten zerlegbar sind, $l\"{a}{\ss}t$ sich von einer holistischen Bedeutungskonzeption, die Wortbedeutungen als ganzheitlich und nicht weiter zerlegbar begreift, unterscheiden. Holistische $Ans\"{a}tze$ im allgemeinen Sinn erfassen ein $Ph\"{a}nomen$ ganzheitlich. Bezogen auf sprachwissenschaftliche und psychologische $Ans\"{a}tze$ bedeutet aber 'holistisch' eine nichtkomponentielle Beschreibung. Bestimmt man den Begriff 'holistisch' als die Leugnung klar abgrenzbarer $partikul\"{a}rer$ Einheiten, so $erh\"{a}lt$ 'holistisch' einen spezifischen Sinn in holistischen $Ans\"{a}tzen$. Im Hinblick darauf $k\"{o}nnen$ der kognitionspsychologische Prototypenansatz von Rosch und der philosophische Stereotypenansatz von Putnam bedeutsam werden. Entweder ist damit die Ablehnung einer definitorisch verfahrenden Merkmalsemantik verbunden, oder es werden Merkmale nun lediglich als stereotypisch-definitorische uminterpretiert. Eine ausgeformte Prototypensemantik bzw. Stereotypensemantik gibt es bisher nur als Postulat eines zur definitorisch verfahrenden Merkmalsemantik altemativen Bedeutungskonzepts. Diese holistischen $Ans\"{a}tze$ versuchen sich gerade in der Kontroverse zur Merkmalsemantik zu etablieren, kommen aber selbst nicht ohne das Konzept des Merkmals aus. Sie sind auch nicht auf aile $W\"{o}rter$ unseres Wortschatzes gleich gut anzuwenden, weil es nicht $f\"{u}r$ alle $W\"{o}rter$ Stereotype gibt und die Existenz digital struktuierter Kategorien, die mithilfe von hinreichenden und notwendigen Bedingungen beschrieben werden $k\"{o}nnen$, nicht geleugnet wird. Die holistischen $Ans\"{a}tze$ sind als Versuch zu beurteilen, der $Realit\"{a}t$ in ihrer Komplexitat $m\"{o}lichst$ nahe zu kommen. Doch bleibt das Problem, wie Holismus im Bereich der Sprachbeschreibung $ad\"{a}quat$ wiederzugeben ist. Auch wenn wir $f\"{u}r$ die Annahme der psychologischen $Realit\"{a}t$ eines holistischen Bedeutungsbegriffs $pl\"{a}dieren$, so bestreiten wir damit nicht die $N\"{u}tzlichkeit$ der komponentiellen Bedeutungsanalyse als leicht handhabbare Beschreibungsnotation $f\"{u}r$ die Bedeutung von Wortern mit wohlunterscheidbaren Referenten. In diesem Sinn $k\"{o}nnten$ vielleicht beide methodischen $Ans\"{a}tze\;in\;einer\;komplement\"{a}en$ Sicht integriert werden.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.922-927
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• 1996

In order to investigate heat-induced gelation properties of $\alpha-lactalbumin(\alpha-La),$ total free SH groups, half-cystine, and disulfide bond contents of $\alpha-La$ gels prepared in 0.1M Tris-HCI buffer(pH 8.0) were measured. The samples were heated at $90^{\circ}C$ for 40 minutes under different PH and concentrations of NaCl, $CaCl_2,$ $\alpha-La,$ N-ethylrnaleirnide(NEM), and dithiothreitol(DTT). Total free SH groups were low at high concentrations of $\alpha-La$ and at pH 6.5~8.5, and were $14.72~18.58\mu\textrm{m}ol/g$ and $14.17~16.11\mu\textrm{m}ol/g,$ respectively. Half-cystine contents of NEM-induced gels decreased with increasing concentration of NEM, and were $1.03~39.17\mu\textrm{m}ol/g.$ Disulfide bonds of DTT-induced gels increased with increasing concentration of DTT, and were $70.04~71.80\mu\textrm{m}ol/g$.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.4 s.43
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• pp.455-474
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• 1993

Degenerative joint disease(DJD) has hun known as one of the diseases which affect the middleor old-aged people. But as orthodontists are getting interested in the adult orthodontics, it is not rare for them to meet the open-bite patients with the TMJ DJD in their clinics. The purpose of this article is to investigate the cephalometric characteristics of the open-bite cases with TMJ DJD. Twelve TMJ DJD patients($15.1\~39.5$ years old) were selected from the patients who visited Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Hospital. Cephalograms were taken and means from 60 measurements were compared by t-test with those of the fifty four healthy adults($20.0\~26.7$ years old) who have normal occlusion and TMJ. In this study male and female are compared respectively, for in the normal samples 26 measurements showed significant differences between the male and the female. The results and conclusions axe as follows: 1 In DJD group, ANB and Angle of convexity decreased, which means the retruding of the mandible. The interincisal angle was smaller than that of the normal group. The means of the overbite were -2.1mm in male and -3.0mm in female, and the means of the overjet were 5.6mm in male and 6.7mm in female. The profile was similar to that of Angle's Class II div.1 open-bite. 2. SN-GoMe and FMA increased in DJD but SN-PP and FH-PP did not show any significant difference. In TMJ DJD open-bite cases, the bony structure lower than the palatal plane seemed to play an important role in developing open-bite. 3. In DJD group, PH-ArGo, SArGo and Y-sxis angle increased significantly, but genial angle showed no significant difference. The means of hか were 50.1mm in male and 40.2mm in female, which were significantly smaller than those of the normal(56.5mm in male, 50.9mm in female). These findings seemed to indicate the posterior rotation of mandible resulted from the shortening of the ramus height. 4. Anterior faical height(AFH), upper anterior facial height(UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAEH) of DJD showed no significant increase as compared with those of the noraml group. There was no significant difference in the ratio of upper anterior facial height to lower anterior facial height(UAFH/LAFH). But, lower posterior facial height(LPFH) was significantly smaller than that of the normal group. 5. It was thought that the peculiar profile of the TMJ DJD open-bite was resulted from the posterior rotation of mandible as the ramus became short following the degerative destruction of of the condylar head and neck.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.65-68
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• 1989

In order to determin the optimum extraction condition for protein in a Chrysalis of Silk Worm, Temperature, Time, and pH variation were conducted in the extraction. N.S.I. and nitrogen contents of the extracts in this condition were identified by Kjeldaha method and a C.H.N. corder. The results were as follows; Crude protein and crude fat contents in the extracts were 23.34% and 15.61%, respectively. N.S.I. values with respect to the temperature variation were 6.7% at 6$0^{\circ}C$, 7.94% at 8$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.67% at 10$0^{\circ}C$ in the condition of pH 4, 1 hr. N.S.I. values in pH variation were 7.94% at pH4, 8.99% at pH6, 9.70% at pH8, 10.19% at pH 10 and 12.16% at pH 12 in the condition of 8$0^{\circ}C$, 1hr. N.S.I. values in extraction time variation were 8.67% in 1hr, 9.23% in 2hr and 9.76% in 3hr in the condition of 10$0^{\circ}C$, pH 4. The tendency of N.S.I. variation in this extration condition was reconfirmed also by a C.H.N. corder.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 2015

This study examined the development of a teacher's teaching practice and identified argumentation-specific pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and the influence of the argumentation-specific PCK on teaching practice in an argumentation classroom. The teacher has a Ph.D degree in science education, a 19-year teaching career, and no experience in instructing in an argumentation classroom. The developed program consists of nine lessons regarding photosynthesis for 7th graders. The teacher participated in a collaborative reflection with researchers after each lesson once a week and five times in total, which lasted for thirty minutes. All of the lessons were video- and audio-recorded and the transcript of lessons and collaborative reflection, pre- and post-survey related to argumentation, and researchers' journals were analyzed. Analysis of the data showed that the teacher emphasized group interaction showing utterances of listening, evaluating arguments, counter-arguing/debating, and reflecting on argument process after the fourth lesson although the teacher focused on individual argumentation showing utterances of talking, knowing meaning of argument, and justifying with evidence in the first three lessons. Also, the argumentation-specific PCK, which was identified with the understanding of students, nature of argumentation and argumentation task strategy, also influenced the development of teaching practice. The teacher comprehended the students' challenges in argumentation, developed her understanding of the nature of argumentation from an individual plane to social plane, and demonstrated a deep understanding of the task strategy by voluntarily joining in modifying the argumentation tasks.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop the wireless pH telemetry lasting longer than 24 hours in the mouth to overcome the limits of conventional wire telemetry previously used for salivary and plaque pH measurement, and to assess its effectiveness. We developed a wireless pH telemeter which can measure and store the pH profile data during more than 24 hours. It was composed of intraoral part; pH sensor of antimony electrode, battery and microprocessor for data storage, and extraoral part; control/data receiver and data analyzing software which was newly made for this device. After inspecting wireless electrode for accurate measurement, it was attached to the removable intraoral appliance and delivered to the volunteer who was told to wear except brushing time, retrieved after 24 hours and finally the pH profile data was extracted and analyzed. When compared with conventional wire telemetry, this device showed similar results and induced less discomfort to examinees. The data showed pH changes at same time when examinees ate various scheduled foods and beverages. With this method it became possible to accurately measure pH changes within mouth for long time in accordance with individual's lifestyle, definitely reducing the discomfort inflicted to the examinees' life.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.407-426
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• 2009

Kennzeichnend f$\ddot{u}$r die $\ddot{a}$rztlichen T$\ddot{a}$tigkeiten, wenn Konflikte in medikament$\ddot{o}$sen Behandlungen auftreten, passiert es oft, dass es wegen unn$\ddot{o}$tigen Missverst$\ddot{a}$ndnissen oder Mangel an Verst$\ddot{a}$ndnis zwischen Arzt und Patient als extremes Ph$\ddot{a}$nomen zum impulsiven Strafprozess oder physischer Gewalt von Seite des Patienten kommt. In diesem Falle verteidigt sich der Arzt mit Schutzbehandlung und Behandlungsablehnung um die Folgen der $\ddot{a}$rztlichen Behandlung zu entweichen. Es ist dadurch auf beiden Seiten, Arzt und Patient, eine schwierige Sache. Denn der Versuch solche F$\ddot{a}$lle in Konflikten durch Zivilklage zu kl$\ddot{a}$ren, ist die Beweisf$\ddot{u}$hrung des Patienten und die dadurch in Lange gezogene Anklage meist durch die $\ddot{a}$rztliche Fachlichkeit und Behutsamkeit nicht wirklich m$\ddot{o}$glich. Infolgedessen ist es n$\ddot{o}$tig alternative Streitbeilegungsmethoden wie Schlichtung, Regelung oder Vermittelung einzuf$\ddot{u}$hren, anstatt von Gerichtsverfahren. Konflikte in einer $\ddot{a}$rztlichen Behandlung sind f$\ddot{u}$r den Patienten und auch f$\ddot{u}$r den Arzt eine Plage, denn physischer und geistiger Schaden wird dadurch verursacht. So ist eine schnelle Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung vertrauensw$\ddot{u}$rdiger Methoden in diesem Bereich notwendiger als in anderen. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine m$\ddot{o}$gliche Einf$\ddot{u}$hrung von einer passenden alternativen Beilegung von Rechtsstreitigkeiten in S$\ddot{u}$dkorea und ein Plan zur Aktivierung von dieser vorgef$\ddot{u}$hrt. Derzeitig wird in Deutschland als Alternative f$\ddot{u}$r Anklagen in den jeweiligen Bundesl$\ddot{a}$ndern die von den $\ddot{A}$rztevereinen erstellten und beaufsichtigten Schlichtungsstellen und Gutachterkommission in Rat genommen. Schlie$\ss$lich sollten wir aufgrund der vorliegenden Fakten und die Vor-und Nachteile dieser Schlichtungsmethoden auffassen und als Vorbild unserer anwenden und versuchen diese in Aktion zu bringen.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.644-653
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• 2019

The genetic variability of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) population associated with huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus in North Eastern (NE) region of India, a geographically locked region, and home for the diversity of many citrus species was analyzed on the basis of tandem repeat numbers (TRN) in variable CLIBASIA_01645 genomic loci. Fifty-five CLas strains sampled from different groves of NE Hill (NEH) region of India were in single amplicon group, but there was remarkable genetic variability in TRNs. The TRN in HLB-associated CLas strains varied from 0-21 and two novel repeat motifs were also identified. Among the NE population of CLas, TRN5 and TRN9 were most frequent (total frequency of 36.36%) followed by TRN4 (14.55%) and TRN6, TNR7 with a frequency of 12.73% each. Class II type CLas genotypes (5 < TRN ≤ 10) had highest prevalence (frequency of 60.00%) in the samples characterized in present study. Class I (TRN ≤ 5) genotypes were second highest prevalent (29.09%) in the NEH region. Further analysis of genetic diversity parameters using Nei's measure (H value) indicated wide genetic diversity in the CLas strains of NE India (H value of 0.58-0.86). Manipur CLas strains had highest genetic variability (0.86) as compared to Eastern, Southern and Central India. The R₁₀ values (TRN ≤ 10/TRN > 10) of NE CLas population was 10.43 (73/7), higher from other regions of India. Present study conclusively reported the occurrence of high genetic variability in TRN of CLas population in North East Indian citrus groves which have evolved to adapt to the specific ecological niche.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.534-542
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• 2006

The protein contents of soy protein isolate (SPI) and soft wheat flours were 83.5% and 8.5%, respectively. The addition of SPI increased the protein content but decreased the sedimentation value. Alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) value increased with SPI addition and was highly correlated with protein content. Increasing SPI flour content significantly decreased the maximum, minimum and final viscosities. Mixograph peak time was positively correlated with protein content and AWRC. The PH and specific gravity of the cake batter increased with increasing SPI content. The SPI addition reduced the loaf and specific loaf volume compared with soft wheat flour. The lightness of the cake crust decreased, while the redness and yellowness increased, with SPI flour addition. SPI addition resulted in a decrease of overall acceptability, but an increase in hardness.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2000

In order to evaluate prevalence and perception on the intestinal trematodes of inhabitants at Docho-island, Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do, a questionnaire survey for the epidemiological study and stool examination for the detection of the eggs of the trematodes were done on 224 individuals at the island from January to February, 2000. The results were as follows: 1. Egg positive rate of the intestinal trematodes was 21.0%. 2. The egg positive rate has revealed significantly higher in the elderly over age 70 than other ages, higher in seashore villagers than inland ones, and higher in persons who had a rural and/or marine ph than persons with other jobs, respectively(P<0.05). 3. The egg positive rate of alcoholic drinkers was higher than non-alcoholic persons, and the rate was also higher in smokers than non-smokers. It was statistically significant(P<0.05). 4. The egg positive rate was shown to be significantly higher in inhabitants who ate raw mullet that was well known to be the source of infection with the intestinal trematodes than people who did not eat the raw marine fishes(P<0.01). 5. The egg positive rate was also significantly higher in humans who had the complaints of frequent abdominal pain and diarrhea than healthy people(P<0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of intestinal trematodes at the island located in the south and west area in Korea was too high to eradicate the parasitic infections. So a special program is necessary for the control of the trematode infections in many adjacent islands at Chollanamdo.