• Title/Summary/Keyword: [p, q]-order

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Classification 및 Ordination 방법에 의한 융문산 삼림의 식물군집 구조분석 (Analysis on the Structure of Plant Community in Mt. Yongmun by Classification and Ordination Techniques)

  • 이경재
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.173-182
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    • 1990
  • To investigate the structure of the plant community structure of Mt. Yongmun in Kyonggi-do, fifty-four plots were set up by the clumped sampling method. The classification by TWINSPAN and DCA ordination were applied to the study area in order to classify them into several groups based on woody plant and environmental variables. By both techniques, the plant community were divided into two groups by the aspect. the dominant species of south aspect were Pinus densiflora, Quercus aliena, Q. mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora and of north aspect were Q. ongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The successional trends of tree species in south aspect seem to be from P. densiflora through Q. serrata, Q. aliena, A. mongolica to C. laxiflora. As a result of the analysis for the relationship between the stand scores of DCA and environmental variables, they had a tendency to increase significantly from the P. densiflora and Q. mongolica community to C. laxiflora and F. rhynchophylla community that was the soil moisture, the amount of soil humus and soil pH.

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HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS ON THE MIXED NORM SPACES ON THE POLYDISC

  • Stevic, Stevo
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.63-78
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    • 2008
  • We generalize several integral inequalities for analytic functions on the open unit polydisc $U^n={\{}z{\in}C^n||zj|<1,\;j=1,...,n{\}}$. It is shown that if a holomorphic function on $U^n$ belongs to the mixed norm space $A_{\vec{\omega}}^{p,q}(U^n)$, where ${\omega}_j(\cdot)$,j=1,...,n, are admissible weights, then all weighted derivations of order $|k|$ (with positive orders of derivations) belong to a related mixed norm space. The converse of the result is proved when, p, q ${\in}\;[1,\;{\infty})$ and when the order is equal to one. The equivalence of these conditions is given for all p, q ${\in}\;(0,\;{\infty})$ if ${\omega}_j(z_j)=(1-|z_j|^2)^{{\alpha}j},\;{\alpha}_j>-1$, j=1,...,n (the classical weights.) The main results here improve our results in Z. Anal. Anwendungen 23 (3) (2004), no. 3, 577-587 and Z. Anal. Anwendungen 23 (2004), no. 4, 775-782.

ON A CLASS OF q-BI-UNIVALENT FUNCTIONS OF COMPLEX ORDER RELATED TO SHELL-LIKE CURVES CONNECTED WITH THE FIBONACCI NUMBERS

  • Ahuja, Om P.;Cetinkaya, Asena;Bohra, Nisha
    • 호남수학학술지
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.319-330
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    • 2020
  • We introduce a new subclass of q-bi-univalent functions of complex order related to shell-like curves connected with the Fibonacci numbers. We obtain the coefficient estimates and Fekete-Szegö inequalities for the functions belonging to this class. Relevant connections with various other known classes have been illustrated.

Oscillation of Linear Second Order Delay Dynamic Equations on Time Scales

  • Agwo, Hassan Ahmed
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.425-438
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, we establish some new oscillation criteria for a second-order delay dynamic equation $$u^{{\Delta}{\Delta}}(t)+p(t)u(\tau(t))=0$$ on a time scale $\mathbb{T}$. The results can be applied on differential equations when $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}$, delay difference equations when $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{N}$ and for delay $q$-difference equations when $\mathbb{T}=q^{\mathbb{N}}$ for q > 1.

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The Determination and Prediction of Pine to Oak Forest Succession in Sugadaira, Central Japan

  • Jun, Kato;Hayashi, Ichiroku
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.155-163
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    • 2003
  • In order to analyze the succession process from a pine forest to an oak forest, the tree growth of Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula was monitored in a permanent quadrat for 23 years. The measurements were carried out for the stem diameter (DBH) of Pinus densiflora between 1977 and 1999 and for the height of Quercus mongolica ssp. crispula saplings between 1998 and 2000. The floristic composition and the locations of the individual P. densiflora and Q. mongolica ssp. crispula trees and saplings in the quadrat were recorded. P densiflora and Q. mongolica ssp. crispula individuals were randomly distributed within the quadrat. The relative growth rates (RGR) of DBH in P. densiflora were 0.085 $yr^{-1}$ for large trees and 0.056 $yr^{-1}$ for small trees in 1977. The RGR of height for Q. mongolica ssp. crispula was 0.122 $yr^{-1}$. The growth curve for DBH of P. densiflora was approximated by the logistic equation: $$DBH(t) = 30 {[1+1.16exp(-0.13 t)]}^{-1}$$ where DBH (t) the DBH (cm) in year t and t is the number of years since 1977. The growth in height of P. densiflora and Q. mongolica ssp. crispula was described by following equations: $$H (t) = 20.2 {[1+0.407exp(-0.137 t)]}^{-1} (P. densiflora)$$ $$H (t) = 30 {[1+20.7exp(-0.122 t)}^{-1} (Q. mongolica ssp. crispula)$$ Where H (t) is the tree height (m) in year t and t is the number of years since 1977 in P. densiflora and 1998 in Q. mongolica ssp. crispula. With these equations we predicted that the height of Q. mongolica ssp. crispula increases from 2 m in 1999 to 20 m in 2029. Therefore, Q. mongolica ssp. crispula and P. densiflora will be approximately the same height in 2029. The years required for succession from a pine forest to an oak forest are expected 33 with the range between 23 and 44 years.

산업체 근로자의 직무스트레스와 카페인 섭취의 상관성 (Relationships between job stress and caffeine intake in industrial workers)

  • 임지숙;이재준
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제49권5호
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    • pp.367-377
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 산업체근로자들의 직무스트레스와 카페인 섭취량을 알아보고, 직무스트레스에 따른 카페인 섭취량과의 관련성에 대해 살펴보고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 직무스트레스 총합은 100점 환산 기준으로 $72.7{\pm}6.8$점으로 나타났으며, 연구 대상자들의 직무스트레스 정도에 따라 스트레스를 가장 적게 받는 그룹은 Q1, 스트레스를 적게 받는 그룹은 Q2, 스트레스를 많이 받는 그룹은 Q3, 스트레스를 가장 많이 받는 그룹은 Q4로 구분 하였다. 이들이 느끼는 스트레스는 조직적 관리체계에 대한 스트레스가 $21.9{\pm}3.3$점으로 직무요구도 $19.9{\pm}5.1$점, 보상 부적절 $16.1{\pm}2.5$점, 직무자율성 결여 $14.7{\pm}2.1$점에 비해 가장 높았다. 카페인에 대한 인지도 조사결과 카페인이 건강에 미칠 영향에 대해 스트레스가 가장 높은 군 (Q4)에서 '적당히 마시면 도움이 되고 해롭지 않다' 57.1%, '적게 마실수록 좋다'고 응답한 사람들이 17.3%로 스트레스가 많을수록 카페인은 적당히 섭취하면 도움이 되고 해롭지 않으나 적게 마실수록 좋다고 하였다. 스트레스 정도에 따른 카페인 섭취량을 보면 커피믹스 (1봉 47.51 mg)는 Q3에서 $86.1{\pm}56.4mg$ (p < 0.01), 자판기 커피 (1잔 47.51 mg)는 Q2에서 $62.3{\pm}60.9mg$ (p < 0.05), 커피전문점 커피 (1잔 158.43 mg)는 Q4에서 $40.7{\pm}88.7mg$ (p < 0.001), 녹차 (1티백: 28 mg)는 Q4에서 $18.4{\pm}32.4mg$ (p < 0.01)으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 이에 따른 카페인 일일섭취량은 Q1에서 $172.0{\pm}85.3mg$, Q2에서 $179.0{\pm}83.7mg$, Q3에서 $187.9{\pm}81.4mg$, Q4에서 $214.2{\pm}147.3mg$ 으로 Q4그룹이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구 결과 카페인 최대 일일 섭취권고량 대비 실제 카페인 섭취량 비율은 Q1에서 $43.0{\pm}21.3%$, Q2에서 $44.8{\pm}20.9%$, Q3에서 $47.1{\pm}20.4%$, Q4에서 $53.6{\pm}36.8%$로 일일섭취량과 같이 Q4그룹이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 카페인 섭취에 따른 부작용으로는 속이 메슥거리거나 구토와 같은 부작용이 Q4에서 $2.7{\pm}0.8$로 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 대상자들의 카페인 섭취량은 직무스트레스는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 (r = 0.137, p = 0.009), 평균 근무시간과도 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였으며 (r = 0.122 p = 0.001), 수면시간 역시 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다 (r = 0.169, p = 0.001). 반면 카페인 섭취량과 근무기간은 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다 (r = -0.114. p = 0.031). 본 연구의 결과, K 제조공장 근로자들은 스트레스 정도가 높아질수록 섭취하는 카페인 섭취량이 많았고, 스트레스를 많이 받는 군에서는 최대 일일 섭취권고량 대비 실제 카페인 섭취량 비율이 50% 정도로 나타나 한국 20세 성인남자보다 2배 이상 섭취하는 것으로 조사되었다.

A CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME PGL(2, q) BY MAXIMUM ELEMENT ORDERS

  • LI, JINBAO;SHI, WUJIE;YU, DAPENG
    • 대한수학회보
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    • 제52권6호
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    • pp.2025-2034
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we characterize some PGL(2, q) by their orders and maximum element orders. We also prove that PSL(2, p) with $p{\geqslant}3$ a prime can be determined by their orders and maximum element orders. Moreover, we show that, in general, if $q=p^n$ with p a prime and n > 1, PGL(2, q) can not be uniquely determined by their orders and maximum element orders. Several known results are generalized.

Oscillation of Second-Order Nonlinear Forced Functional Dynamic Equations with Damping Term on Time Scales

  • Agwa, Hassan Ahmed;Khodier, Ahmed Mahmoud;Ahmed, Heba Mostaafa Atteya
    • Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.777-789
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we establish some new oscillation criteria for the second-order forced nonlinear functional dynamic equations with damping term $$(r(t)x^{\Delta}(t))^{\Delta}+q({\sigma}(t))x^{\Delta}(t)+p(t)f(x({\tau}(t)))=e(t)$$, and $$(r(t)x^{\Delta}(t))^{\Delta}+q(t)x^{\Delta}(t)+p(t)f(x({\sigma}(t)))=e(t)$$, on a time scale ${\mathbb{T}}$, where r(t), p(t) and q(t) are real-valued right-dense continuous (rd-continuous) functions [1] defined on ${\mathbb{T}}$ with p(t) < 0 and ${\tau}:{\mathbb{T}}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{T}}$ is a strictly increasing differentiable function and ${\lim}_{t{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\tau}(t)={\infty}$. No restriction is imposed on the forcing term e(t) to satisfy Kartsatos condition. Our results generalize and extend some pervious results [5, 8, 10, 11, 12] and can be applied to some oscillation problems that not discussed before. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our main results.

LOCAL PERMUTATION POLYNOMIALS OVER FINITE FIELDS

  • Lee, Jung-Bok;Ko, Hyoung-June
    • 대한수학회논문집
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.539-545
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    • 1994
  • Let $q = p^r$, where p is a prime. A polynomial $f(x) \in GF(q)[x]$ is called a permutation polynomial (PP) over GF(q) if the numbers f(a) where $a \in GF(Q)$ are a permutation of the a's. In other words, the equation f(x) = a has a unique solution in GF(q) for each $a \in GF(q)$. More generally, $f(x_1, \cdots, x_n)$ is a PP in n variables if $f(x_1,\cdots,x_n) = \alpha$ has exactly $q^{n-1}$ solutions in $GF(q)^n$ for each $\alpha \in GF(q)$. Mullen ([3], [4], [5]) has studied the concepts of local permutation polynomials (LPP's) over finite fields. A polynomial $f(x_i, x_2, \cdots, x_n) \in GF(q)[x_i, \codts,x_n]$ is called a LPP if for each i = 1,\cdots, n, f(a_i,\cdots,x_n]$ is a PP in $x_i$ for all $a_j \in GF(q), j \neq 1$.Mullen ([3],[4]) found a set of necessary and three variables over GF(q) in order that f be a LPP. As examples, there are 12 LPP's over GF(3) in two indeterminates ; $f(x_1, x_2) = a_{10}x_1 + a_{10}x_2 + a_{00}$ where $a_{10} = 1$ or 2, $a_{01} = 1$ or x, $a_{00} = 0,1$, or 2. There are 24 LPP's over GF(3) of three indeterminates ; $F(x_1, x_2, x_3) = ax_1 + bx_2 +cx_3 +d$ where a,b and c = 1 or 2, d = 0,1, or 2.

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남한 김천.목포 일대 지각의 Q 값 분석 (Analysis of Q Values on the Crust of the Kimcheon and Mokpo Regions, South Korea)

  • 도지영;이윤중;경재복
    • 한국지구과학회지
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.475-485
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    • 2006
  • 본 연구에서는 김천과 목포 대의 ${Q_P}^{-1}$${Q_S}^{-1}$을 비교함으로써 남한 중 서부 일대 지각의 물리적 성질을 알아보았다. ${Q_P}^{-1}$${Q_S}^{-1}$은 한국지질자원연구원에서 운영중인 2개 관측소인 KMC(김천), MUN(무안) 지진 자료와 기상청에서 운영하는 4개 관측소인 CPN(추풍령), KUC(거창), MOP(목포), WAN(완도) 지진 기록을 바탕으로 확장 코다 규격화법을 이용하여 구하였다. 남한 중부의 ${Q_P}^{-1}$$(1.4{\pm}3.9){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(2.3{\pm}3.5){\times}10^{-4},\;{Q_S}^{-1}$$(1.8{\pm}1.3){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(1.9{\pm}1.5){\times}10^{-4}$이고, 남한 남서부의 ${Q_P}^{-1}$ 값은 $(5.9{\pm}4.8){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(2.2{\pm}3.8){\times}10^{-4},\;{Q_S}^{-1}$ 값은 $(0.5{\pm}2.8){\times}10^{-3}$에서 $(1.8{\pm}1.6){\times}10^{-4}$으로 모두 주파수가 3.0 Hz에서 24 Hz로 늘어남에 따라 그 값이 감소하는 주파수 의존적 특성을 보인다. 이들 값을 주파수의 지수 형태로 나타내면 중부는 ${Q_P}^{-1}$$0.003f^{-0.49},\;{Q_S}^{-1}$$0.005f^{-1.03}$, 남서부는 ${Q_P}^{-1}$$0.026f^{-1.47},\;{Q_S}^{-1}$$0.001f^{-0.49}$로 이 값들은 지진학적으로 안정한 지역의 값과 거의 유사하다. 그러나 남서부의 ${Q_P}^{-1}$ 값이 다소 높은데, 이는 자료수의 부족 때문이라고 추정된다.