• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

본 연구를 통해 논, 시설재배 밭 토양, 쓰레기장, 하천 및 호수의 퇴적 토양 등 22개소에서 분리한 총 6종의 광합성세균 중 호기 암 배양이 가능한 Rhodobacter sphaeroides PS-24를 분리하였다. 형태학적 특징으로는 그람음성의 막대모양으로, 운동성이 있었다. 분리균주의 16S rRNA 염기서열을 분석한 결과 Rhodobacter sphaeroides ATH2.4.1과 99%의 상동성을 나타내었으며, 본 연구에서 Rhodobacter spharoides PS-24로 명명하여 연구를 수행하였다. 선별균주를 modifed Van niel's yeast 배지에서 배양 후 생성된 carotenoid를 추출한 결과 $12.03{\pm}0.15mg/L$의 함량이 측정되었으며, 반응표면분석법 중 Plackett burman 분석방법과 Box-Behnken 분석방법을 통해 carotenoid 생산에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하고 농도를 최적화하였다. 분석결과 각각의 독립변수 yeast extract -0.4144 (1.23 g/L), $Na_2CO_3$ 0.8541 (3.71 g/L)와 $MgSO_4$ 1.00 (1.00 g/L)의 농도를 선정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 배지 조성을 최적화한 결과 yeast extract 1.23 g, sodium acetate 1 g, $NH_4Cl$ 1.75 g, NaCl 2.5 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 2 g, $MgSO_4$ 1.0 g, mono-sodium glutamate 7.5 g, $Na_2CO_3$ 3.71 g, $NH_4Cl$ 3.5 g, $CaCl_2$ 0.01 g/ liter로 선정하였다. 최적배지를 대상으로 5 L, 50 L, 500 L scale-up을 진행한 결과 최종 carotenoid는 각각 17.98 mg/L, 18.03 mg/L, 18.11 mg/L로 조사되었다. 최적배지의 경우 modified Van niel's yeast 배지보다 약 1.5배 많은 carotenoid를 생산하였으며, 대량배양을 통한 scale-up 과정 시 carotenoid의 생산량은 크게 변화하지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구를 바탕으로 산업적으로 다양하게 사용되고 있는 carotenoid를 생산하는 광합성세균 Rhodobacter spharoides PS-24를 개발하였으며, 본 연구를 바탕으로 유기농축산에 사용이 가능한 기능성 미생물제제를 개발하고자 한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2017

목적: 국내 소아에서 발생한 유산균 제제 내 포함 균주(Lactobacillus spp. 및 Saccharomyces spp.)에 의한 침습적 감염증의 임상 경과를 기술하고 중증 감염증 발생과 관련된 인자들을 분석하였다. 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2016년 6월까지 서울아산병원 어린이병원에서 18세 이하의 소아청소년 환아에게서 발생한 Lactobacillus spp. 및 Saccharomyces spp.에 의한 침습적 감염증의 의무기록과 2001년 1월부터 2016년 6월까지 원내에서 처방된 유산균 제제 처방량 자료를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 연구 기간 동안 총 24명의 침습적 감염이 발생하였다(Lactobacillus spp. 16예 및 Saccharomyces spp. 8예). 유산균 제제의 처방량은 2001년부터 2016년까지 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가하는 양상을 보였으며, 이에 따라 침습적 감염증의 발생률도 증가하였다($R^2=0.70$). 환아들의 중간 연령은 1.8세(범위, 2개월-17세)이었고, 1명을 제외한 환아에서 기저질환을 동반하였다. 30일 사망률은 20.8% (5/24)였으며, 중증 감염증은 11예(45.8%)에서 발생하였다. 어린 연령의 환아이거나(P=0.02), 선천 심질환이 있는 경우(P=0.01) 또는 침습적 감염증 발생 전 중환자실 재실 중이었거나(odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-6.1), 중심정맥관을 가지고 있던 경우(OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3)에 통계적으로 유의미하게 중증 감염으로의 발현이 증가하였다. 결론: 소아에서의 유산균 제제 내 균주에 의한 감염증은 흔하게 발생하지는 않지만, 유산균 제제의 사용량 증가와 함께 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 어린 환아 및 기저질환을 가지고 있거나 중환자실 치료 또는 중심정맥관을 보유하고 있는 환아에 대해서는 안전성을 고려하여 유산균 제제의 사용에 주의를 기울여야 한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.889-898
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• 1996

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자의 심리적 스트레스와 스트레스호르몬 및 영양상태와의 상과관계를 알아보고자 인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병환자 34명을 대상으로 설문지를 사용하여 직접면접을 통해 심리적 스트레스로 우울, 불안을 측정하였고 24시간 회상법에 의한 영양섭취상태, 에너지 소비량 등을 조사하였고, 공복시 혈액을 채취하여 일반혈액검사에 스트레스호르몬, 아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 우울과 불안은 CED-S와 STAI-S의 방법으로 측정하였고, 영양섭취상태는 전산분석하였다. 그리고 catecholamine, hemoglobin A1C와 아미노산은 HPLC로 분석하였으며 cortisol과 glucagon은 RIA방법으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 당뇨병환자의 우울과 불안점수는 대조군에 비해 높았는데 특히 불안은 유의적으로 높았다. 당뇨병환자의 스트레스호르몬을 보면 총 catecholamine은 329.18$\pm$111.49pg/ml이었고 norepinephirne은 233.95$\pm$73.99pg/ml이었으며 epinephrine은 94.03$\pm$75.97pg/ml이었다. Cortisol은 13.18$\pm$5.55ul/ml이었으며 gulcagon은 171.50$\pm$62.50pg/ml이었다. 당뇨병환자의 총 catecholamine, norpinephrine, cortisol 그리고 glucagon 등은 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며 epinephrine은 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 당뇨병환자의 영양소섭취량은 대조군에 비해 차이가 없었다. 그러나 당뇨병환자의 경우 열량과 칼슘은 권장량보다 적었으나 다른 영양소들은 권장량보다 많이 섭취하였다. 공복혈당, 평상시 공복혈당 (3개월 평균 공복혈당) 그리고 hemoglobin A1C는 각각 184.18$\pm$74.22mg/dl, 177.76$\pm$42.77mg/dl와 8.84$\pm$2.82%이었다. 당뇨병환자의 혈장아미노산의 농도는 일반적으로 정상범위에 속하였다. 당뇨병환자의 불안은 norepinephrine과 평상시 공복혈당과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 또한 glucagon, 평상시 공복혈당과 hemoglobin A1C는 분지아미노산 (BCAA, leucine, isoleucine and valine)과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1141-1141
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• 2001

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of 3 calibration methods, modified partial least squares (MPLS), local PLS (LOCAL) and artificial neural network (ANN) on the prediction of chemical composition of forages, using a large NIR database. The study used forage samples (n=25,977) from Australia, Europe (Belgium, Germany, Italy and Sweden) and North America (Canada and U.S.A) with information relative to moisture, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre content. The spectra of the samples were collected with 10 different Foss NIR Systems instruments, which were either standardized or not standardized to one master instrument. The spectra were trimmed to a wavelength range between 1100 and 2498 nm. Two data sets, one standardized (IVAL) and the other not standardized (SVAL) were used as independent validation sets, but 10% of both sets were omitted and kept for later expansion of the calibration database. The remaining samples were combined into one database (n=21,696), which was split into 75% calibration (CALBASE) and 25% validation (VALBASE). The chemical components in the 3 validation data sets were predicted with each model derived from CALBASE using the calibration database before and after it was expanded with 10% of the samples from IVAL and SVAL data sets. Calibration performance was evaluated using standard error of prediction corrected for bias (SEP(C)), bias, slope and R2. None of the models appeared to be consistently better across all validation sets. VALBASE was predicted well by all models, with smaller SEP(C) and bias values than for IVAL and SVAL. This was not surprising as VALBASE was selected from the calibration database and it had a sample population similar to CALBASE, whereas IVAL and SVAL were completely independent validation sets. In most cases, Local and ANN models, but not modified PLS, showed considerable improvement in the prediction of IVAL and SVAL after the calibration database had been expanded with the 10% samples of IVAL and SVAL reserved for calibration expansion. The effects of sample processing, instrument standardization and differences in reference procedure were partially confounded in the validation sets, so it was not possible to determine which factors were most important. Further work on the development of large databases must address the problems of standardization of instruments, harmonization and standardization of laboratory procedures and even more importantly, the definition of the database population.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2020

In recent years, there has been an upsurge for the usage of buckling restrained braces (BRB) rather than ordinary braces, as they have evidently performed better. If the overall brace buckling is ignored, BRBs are proven to have higher energy absorption capacity and flexibility. This article aims to deliberate an economically efficient yet adequate type of all-steel BRB, comprised of the main components as in traditional ones, such as : (1) a steel core that holds all axial forces and (2) a steel restrainer tube that hinders buckling to occurr in the core; there is a more practical detailing in the BRB system due to the elimination of a filling mortar. An investigation has been conducted for the proposed rectangular-tube core BRB and it is hysteric behavioral results have been compared to previous researches conducted on a structure containing a similar plate core profile that has the same cross-sectional area in its core. A loss of strength is known to occur in the BRB when the limiting condition of local buckling is not satisfied, thus causing instability. This typically occurs when the thickness of the restrainer tube's wall is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the core plate or its width. In this study, a parametric investigation for BRBs with different formations has been performed to verify the effect of the design parameters such as different core section profiles, restraining member width to thickness ratio and relative cross-sectional area of the core to restrainer, on buckling load evaluation. The proposed BRB investigation results have also been presented and compared to past BRB researches with a plate profile as the core section, and the advantages and disadvantages of this configuration have been discussed, and it is concluded that BRBs with tubular core section exhibit a better seismic performance than the ones with a plate core profile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.395-399
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• 1999

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of conditioning a complex (20% whey, 10% lactose, 4% plasma protein, 4% wheat gluten and 2% blood meal) diet on growth performance of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1,180 pigs (average initial BW of 6.4 kg) were fed the experimental diet (1.7% lysine) during a 7-d growth assay. Treatments were a meal control (M), standard (ST), and expander (EX) conditioned mash or pellets. Rate and efficiency of gain were decreased by 39% and 21% (p<0.005) respectively, for pigs fed EX diets compared to those fed the ST diet. In Exp. 2,196 pigs (average initial BW of 6.5 kg) were used to determine the effects of EX operating conditions on nutritional value of a pelleted complex diet. When steam conditioning temperature (prior to expanding) was $54^{\circ}C$, increasing cone pressure of the EX from 0 to 7 to 14 kg/cm2 resulted in linear decreases in rate of gain of weaned pigs (p<0.006), suggesting heat damage of the diet. Increasing conditioning temperature (i.e., adding steam) of the diets from 46 to 54 to $63^{\circ}C$ (cone pressure at $12kg/cm^2$) resulted in improved rate of gain (p<0.04) of the pigs. However, none of the pigs fed expanded diets compared favorably to the pigs fed the conditioned $(54^{\circ}C)$ pellets processed with no cone pressure. In Exp. 3,168 pigs (average initial BW of 6.6 kg) were used to determine the effects of expanding the various components of the diet. Treatments were M and ST pellets as controls, EX-corn, EX-corn soybean-meal, EX corn-soybean meal-oil, and EX-complete diet. Efficiency of gain was increased by 13% with EX portions of the diet compared to the mash control, but there was a marked decrease in performance when the complete diet was expanded (p<0.001). Expanded corn-soybean meal-oil supported the greatest ADG with a 19% increase compared to the average of the EX corn and EX corn-soybean meal treatments (p<0.005). In conclusion, our results suggest no benefit from expanding complete phase-I diets.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.42-42
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• 2012

The First stars (Pop.III stars) in the universe are expected to be formed between the recombination era at z - 1100 and the most distant quasar (z - 8). They have never been directly detected due to its faintness so far, but can be observed as a background radiation at around 1${\mu}m$ which is called the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background (CNB). Main part of the CNB is thought to be redshifted Lyman-alpha from gas clouds surrounding the Pop.III stars. Until now, the COBE (COsmic Background Explorer) and the IRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) observed excess emission over the background due to galaxies. To confirm the COBE and the IRTS results and pursue more observational evidences, we carried out the sounding rocket experiment named the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER). The CIBER is successfully launched on July 10, 2010 at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, USA. It consists of three kinds of instruments. We report the results obtained by LRS (Low Resolution Spectrometer) which is developed to fill the uncovered spectrum around 1${\mu}m$. LRS is a refractive telescope of 5.5 cm aperture with spectral resolution of 20 - 30 and wavelength coverage of 0.7 to 2.0${\mu}m$. After subtracting foreground components (zodiacal light, integrated star light and diffuse galactic light) from the sky brightness of observed five fields, there remained significant residual emission (even for the lower limit case) consistent with the IRTS and the COBE results. In addition, there exists a clear gap at 0.7 - 0.8${\mu}m$ in the CNB spectrum over the background due to galaxies according to recent results (Matsuoka et al. 2011; Mattila et al. 2011). The origin of the excess emission could be ascribed to the Pop.III stars with its active era of z = 7 - 10.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.974-981
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• 2002

Faba beans (vicia faba) (FB) and lupin seeds (Lupinus Albus) (LS) were dry roasted at three temperatures (110, 130, $150^{\circ}C$) for 15, 30 or 45 min to determine the effects of dry roasting on rumen degradation of crude protein and starch free organic matter ($^{PSF}OM$). Rumen degradation characteristics of $^{PSF}OM$ were determined by the nylon bag incubation technique in dairy cows fed 60% hay and 40% concentrate. Measured characteristics of $^{PSF}OM$ were undegradable fraction (U), degradable fraction (D), soluble fraction (S), lag time (T0), and the rate of degradation (Kd). Based on the measured characteristics, rumen availability ($RA^{PSF}OM$) and bypass $^{PSF}OM$ ($B^{PSF}OM$) were calculated. Dry roasting did not have a greater impact on rumen degradation characteristics of $^{PSF}OM$ (p>0.05). S varied from 32.1 (raw) to 30.0, 27.8, 30.8% (LS) and 15.4 (raw) to 14.4, 20.8, 20.9% (FB); D varied from 65.4 (raw) to 66.3, 66.9, 55.9% (LS) and 54.9 (raw) to 55.0, 51.0, 64.7% (FB); U varied from 2.6 (raw) to 7.3, 7.0, 7.7% (LS) and 29.7 (raw) to 30.6, 28.2, 14.4% (FB); Kd varied from 6.0 (raw) to 7.3, 7.0, 7.7% (LS) and 22.4 (raw) to 24.4, 21.1, 7.9% (FB); $B^{PSF}OM$ varied from 35.5 (raw) to 33.8, 36.6, 38.2% (LS) and 41.3 (raw) to 41.5, 39.7, 47.6% (FB) at 110, 130 and $150^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore dry roasting did not significantly affect $RA^{PSF}OM$, which were 353.7, 367.9, 349.6, 336.9 (g/kg DM) (LS) and 12.82, 127.0, 133.7, 117.1 (g/kg DM) (FB) at 110, 130 and $150^{\circ}C$, respectively. These results alone with our previously published reports indicate dry roasting had the differently affected pattern of rumen degradation characteristics of various components in LS and FB. It strongly increased bypass crude protein (BCP) and moderately increased starch (BST) with increasing temperature and time but least affected $^{PSF}OM$. Such desirable degradation patterns in dry roasted LS and FB might be beneficial to the high yielding cows which could use more dry roasted $^{PSF}OM$ as an energy source for microbial protein synthesized in the rumen and absorb more amino acids and glucose in the small intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1319-1324
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of different indicators of mammary inflammation in buffalo and to evaluate the association of the indicators with buffalo milk yield, composition, and rennet coagulation properties. This study was carried out at four buffalo farms in central Italy using a total of 50 lactating buffalo. Milk from each buffalo was tested at the beginning, middle, and end of lactation. To evaluate the relationship between mastitis markers and milk components, three classes were defined for each of the following markers: total somatic cell count (TSCC), differential somatic cell count (DSCC), and bacteriological results The regression coefficient for the reference method and the alternative method of determining TSCC was 0.81, indicating that the method routinely used to analyze buffalo milk consistently underestimated actual TSCC. The milk samples positive for udder-specific bacteria also had higher TSCC values than the samples that were negative for bacteria ($872{\times}10^3$/ml vs. $191{\times}10^3$/ml). In samples that were positive for udder-specific bacteria, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) made up greater than 50% of the cells. Moreover, only 1% of the samples in the lowest TSCC class were positive for bacteria. The correlation between TSCC and PMN was stronger (0.70), and PMN values in buffalo milk increased significantly when the TSCC class changed from low (38%) to medium and high (56% and 64%). Milk yield was negatively related to TSCC. Significant changes in lactose (4.87%, 4.80% and 4.64%) and chloride content (0.650 mg/ml, 0.862 mg/ml and 0.882 mg/ml) were also observed with increasing TSCC values. Higher TSCC was associated with impaired rennet coagulation properties: the clotting time increased, while the curd firming time ($p{\leq}0.05$) and firmness decreased. We concluded that in buffalo as in dairy cows, TSCC is a valid indicator of udder inflammation; we also confirmed that a value of $ 200{\times}10^3 cells/ml should be used as the threshold value for early identification of an animal affected by subclinical mastitis. In addition to its association with significantly decreased milk yield, a TSCC value above this threshold value was associated with changes in milk composition and coagulating properties.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2011

머스크멜론의 저장온도 차이에 따른 저장 중 미세한 향기성분의 변화를 질량분석기 기반 전자코를 이용하여 품질 변화 정도를 판단하였다. 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 향기성분이 변화하면서 휘발성분이 증가하였는데, 판별함수분석 결과 DF1값이 99.8%로 큰 영향을 받았으며 향기성분의 변화가 크게 나타날수록 DF1 값이 음의 방향으로 이동하였다. 이후 DF1 뿐만 아니라 DF2도 음의 값으로 변하면서 저장 초기와는 확연히 다른 향기성분의 변화가 일어난 것으로 판단된다. 0$^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 28일, 4와 7$^{\circ}C$에서는 21일, 10$^{\circ}C$에서는 14일까지 저장 초기와 유사한 향기성분을 나타났으며, 이는 저장 온도가 낮아질수록 휘발성분의 변화가 적게 일어났다. 이러한 향기성분의 변화는 머스크멜론이 저장 중숙기가 지나고 노화가 진행되어지면서 일어난 것으로 유추된다. 또한 전자코로 분석한 DF1 값을 이용하여 일반성분들(비타민 C 함량, 꼭지 수분함량, 산도)의 저장 중 경향도 예측 가능 하였다. 머스크멜론의 저장 중 변화하는 전자코의 mass spectrum에 나타난 주요 향기성분은 이미 보고된 GC/MS의 분석 결과와 유사한 ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, nonanol, dodecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, tricosane과 같은 성분들로 나타났으며, 저장 중 전자코에 감지되는 양은 계속적으로 증가하였다.