• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2004

The study was carried out to evaluate the radical scavenging activity, and antimutagenic and anticancer effects in Korean soybean paste(doenjang) added with various mushrooms. Ganoderma lucidum doenjang(Gl-TD) showed significant inhibitory activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, with an IC$\sub$50/ value of 245$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. In contrast, the other doenjang varieties appeared to have weaker antioxidant activity. Four kinds of doenjang didn't have any antimutagenic activity against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) by adding of 5mg/plate, but exhibited a strong inhibitory effect(55∼70%) against aflatoxin B$_1$(AFB$_1$). Especially Phellinus linteus doenjang(Pl-TD) inhibited more than 70% of the mutagenicity induced by AFB$_1$ in Salmonella typhimurium TA100. On the other hand, the mushroom doenjang varieties showed relatively weak activity toward MNNG in SOS chromotest, their inhibitory rate ranging from 23% to 33%. Methanol extracts of Gl-TD and Pl-TD inhibited by 91∼92% the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells in a concentration of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.625-632
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• 1998

To enhance the antimutagenic and anticancer activities of chinese cabbage kimchi, 13 kinds of kimchi, which were different kinds and levels of sub-ingredient added kimchi, were prepared and fermented at 15℃ for 1 day and then at 5℃ up to pH 4.3. The antimutagenic effects of the methanol extracts of the kimchi were studied by using Ames mutagenicity test in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and SOS chromotest in E. coli PQ37. Among the kimchi samples, high ratio of red pepper powder(7%) and garlic(2.8% or 5.2%) added kimchi, 1% chinese pepper powder added kimchi and organic cultivated chinese cabbage kimchi significantly reduced(p<0.05) the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Ames test and SOS response against N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in SOS chromotest, and also the kimchi inhibited more effectively(p<0.05) the survival and growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than the standarized kimchi on the SRB assay, MTT assay and growth inhibition test. These results suggest that the antimutagenic and anticancer activites of kimchi can be increased by the sub-ingredients such as organic cultivated chinese cabbage, red pepper powder, garlic and chinese pepper powder.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.287-291
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• 1998

Brining property and antimutagenic effects of organically cultivaged Chinese cabbage kimchi (OC kimchi) and common Chinese cabbage imchi (CC kimchi) were studied. The salt absorption rate of leaves was faster than that of stems of the Chinese cabbages. Due to the large portion of leaf in organic Chinese cabbage, organic Chinese cabbage(OC) was much faster in terms of salt absorption rate than common Chinese cabbage(CC). The antimutagenic effects of methanol extracts of CC kimchi and OC kimchi were studied against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) using Ames test on Samonella typhimurium TA 100 and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) using SOS chromotest. Methanol extract from 6 -day fermented OC kimchi at 15 $^{\circ}C$ showed 80% inhibition rate against the indirect mutage, aflatoxin B1 induced mutagenicit where as that from 6-day fermented CC kimchi at 15 $^{\circ}C$ showed 54% inhibition rate in the Ames test. Methanol extracts from 6-day fermented CC kimchi and OC kimchi showed 27 % and 58 % inhibition rate against direct mutagen , N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine induced mutagenicity, respectively in SOS chormotest, thus OC kimchi exhibited higher antimutagenic activity than kimchi.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2013

Mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA) are widespread contaminants of food and feedstuffs. It is very likely, that humans and animals are always exposed to mixtures of mycotoxins rather than to individual compounds. Therefore, risk assessments should consider mixture toxicity data. In the present study the combination of AFB1, OTA and ZEA was tested for genotoxicity in rat bone marrow and blood leukocytes after 15, 30 and 60 days treatment. The level of DNA damage was determined by the comet assay. The tail intensity and Olive tail moment in leukocytes and bone marrow cells were significantly higher than in controls. At the same time, the level of DNA damage in bone marrow cells was higher than in leukocytes. The data suggests that prolonged exposure to mycotoxins combination through food consumption can induce DNA damage contributing to the harmful effects in vivo.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1999

The antimutagenic effects of buchu kimchi and Chinese cabbage kimchi and theri cytotoxic effects against human cancer cell line were investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium system and MTT assay, respectively. Leek and Chinese cabbage were aslo evaluated in the same system. Buchu kimchi was fermented at 15 $^{\circ}C$ for 4 days . Buchu kimchi samples showed somewhat higher antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1(AFB1) than CHinese cabbage kimchi in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strain. There was no difference onthe antimutagenic activity according to the length of fermentation . Leek exerted stronger antimutagenicity against AFB1 than Chinese cabbage in the Ames assay. In MTT assay, 6-day fermented buchu kimchin revealed the highest cytotoxicity against AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in which 62% and 82% of the inhibition were observed wiht the addition of 100ug, 400ug/well, respectively. Buchu kimchi samples caused 60~70% inhibition on the proliferation of HT-29 at 400ug/well. Leek exhibited higher antiproliferative effect against both AGS cells and HT-29 cells than Chinese cabbage in MTT assay. From these results, it is considered that buchu kimchi has stronger antimutagenic and in vitro anticancer effects than Chinese cabbage kimchi and the high inhibition rate of buchu kimchi probably results from leek, the major ingredient of buchu kimchi .

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.350-358
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and anticancer activities of glycoprotein(GP) and chondroitin sulfate(CS) from sea cucumbers were studied using Ames mutagenicity test and human cancer cells culture test. The GP's inhibitory effect toward aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and 3, 2'-dimethyl-4-amino-biphenyl(DMAB) increased with the higher added concentrations up to 5% level(w/w) regardless fractionation methods. The GP from sea cucumbers through DEAE-cellulose column chromatography showed an inhibitory effect ranged from 84 to 98%, and the maximum antimutagenicities resulted in red sea cucumber with 98% (AFB1) and 95% (DMAB). But 5% level of CS from various sea cucumbers had an inhibitory effect toward those both indirect mutagens ranged from 79% to 85%. However, in case of direct mutagens(N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, MNNG and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, 4-NQO), the GP's inhibitory effect was 55∼78% and the CS had a low inhibitory effect(58∼70%) at the added level of 5%. The GP from sea cucumbers exhibited the strong inhibitory effects with 89∼95% and 82∼92% on the growth of HT-29 human crcinoma cells and AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells (at 5% level).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.440-445
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• 1995

The antimutagenic effects of juices from green pepper(GP), red pepper leaf(RPL), red pepper(RP) and sweet pepper(SP) were examined by the Ames method using Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The juice supernatants of GP, RPL and RP showed antimutagenic activities against afltoxin B1(AFB1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. The juice supermatants of GP and RPL also exhibited the inhibitory effects(p<0.05) to the mutagenicities induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO). The juice of RP showed antimutagenic activities against indirect mutagen of AFB1, however, the activity was reduced at higher concentration(5.0%), furthermore, as the adding concentration of sample increased to 5.0%, it exhibited slight comutagenicith on direct mutagen of MNNG. Theantimutagenic activities of GP and RPL juices were reduced significantly after heating at 100℃ for 20min, supposing that the antimutagenic compound(s) in the juices were heat labile.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.305-312
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• 1995

Ixeris dentata was extracted with methanol and then the methanol extract was further fractionated to hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fraction. The methanol extract of lxeris dentata had the strong antimutagenic effect on the aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Ames mutagenicity test and SOS chromotest. Among the solvent extracted fractions from the methanol extract, the chloroform fraction exhibited the greatest antimutagenic effect suppressing the mutagenicity of AFB1 with inhibition rate of 74 percent. The methanol extract of Ixeris dentata also revealed the inhibitory effect on the growth of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells after 6 days of breeding at 37℃. The chloroform fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanol extract of lxeris dentata were most effective and inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells by 97 and 93 percent, respectively. It is suggested that the inhibitory effects of lxeris dentata on the mutagenicity and the growth of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells are strong in the lipid soluble fractions.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.485-494
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• 2004

연구배경 : DOT를 보건소에서 현실적으로 실행 가능하게 변형시킨 mDOT는, 환자가 꾸준하게 약을 복용하도록 하기 위해 집중치료기간(투약 후 2개월)동안 1주에 1회씩 환자와 의료인 또는 의료보조요원이 면담하여 투약 및 복약감독, 상담 등을 수행하는 일주일 간격의 복약확인 치료법을 의미한다. 이를 균양성 폐결핵 환자들에게 적용시킨 후, 이 mDOT군의 균음전율(sputum smear conversion)을 self군의 그것과 비교하여, mDOT의 수행이 균양성 폐결핵 환자에서의 균음전율에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 : 서울시 S보건소에서 2001년 10월 8일부터 2002년 4월 23일까지 등록된 균양성환자 52명중에서 24명은 mDOT군, 28명은 자가복용(self)군으로 분류하였다. 24명의 mDOT군중 조절 안 되는 당뇨 동반환자 2명, 외국인 1명, 기타 1명을 제외된 20명의 mDOT군을 선정한 후, 성별, 폐결핵의 범위, 재발유무, 연령을 짝짓기 변수로 해서 일대일 1:1 짝짓기를 실시한 20명의 self군을 선정하여 균음전율을 비교연구 하였다. 본 연구의 경우 mDOT라는 중재만이 있고 무작위추출과 이중맹검이 없기 때문에 일종의 quasi-experimental study라고 할 수 있다. 분석방법은 SAS version 8.1을 이용해 짝지어진 자료에 대한 McNemar test를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 치료 2주 후, 균음전율은 self군에서 50%, mDOT군에서 78.57%로 mDOT군이 self군에서보다 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p-value=0.289). 치료 1개월에는 mDOT군의 음전율이 self군보다 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(83.33% vs 50%, p-value=0.125). 2개월의 균음전율 역시 self군보다 mDOT군에서 비교적 높은 균음전율을 나타냈으나 표본수가 적어 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(Table 5, p-value=0.219). 결 론 : 이번 연구에서 집중치료기간 중에 변형된 복약확인 치료를 mDOT군의 20명 모든 환자에게 수행했으며, 앞으로 sample size가 충분히 모아진 연구가 이뤄지면 mDOT가 균양성 폐결핵 환자의 전염성기간(배균기간)을 통계적으로 유의하게 단축시킬 수 있다는 방향성을 제시한데에 의미가 있다. 우리나라에서 복약확인치료(DOT)는 폐결핵 환자의 치료에 효과적일 수 있고, 어떤 고위험군에서 유용하리라 생각된다. 앞으로 좀 더 큰 규모의 전향적(prospective) 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2015

Background: Recent studies have shown that the nontuberculosis mycobacterium (NTM) recovery rate in clinical cultures has increased within Korea. However, another study conducted by a secondary hospital within Daegu reported different results. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand and evaluate the microbiological distribution and clinical features of NTM in Daegu. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 11,672 respiratory specimens undergoing acid fast bacilli (AFB) culture from 6,685 subjects who visited Yeungnam University Respiratory Center from January 2012 to December 2013. Results: Of the 11,672 specimens undergoing AFB culture, 1,310 specimens (11.2%) showed positive results. Of these specimens, NTM was recovered from 587 specimens, showing a recovery rate of 44.8%. Identification test for NTM was performed on 191 subjects; the results were as follows: M. avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) 123 (64.4%), M. abscessus 20 (10.5%), M. kansasii 12 (6.3%), and 33 other NTM germ strains. Of the 382 subjects with NTM, 167 were diagnosed with pulmonary NTM disease (43.7%), however virulence differed depending on NTM strain. Multivariate analysis showed that nodular bronchiectasis, the nodules, and finding consistent with cavity under imaging study were statistically significant for triggering pulmonary NTM disease. AFB culture showing MAC and M. abscessus was statistically significant as well. Positive predictive value for NTM polymerase chain reaction (NTM-PCR) was 88.6%. Conclusion: Results for NTM recovery rate within the Daegu area were similar to those for the Seoul metropolitan area. We can assume that NTM infection is increasing in our community, therefore AFB-positive subjects (1) should undergo NTM-PCR, (2) should have their culture results checked for differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) from NTM, and (3) undergo NTM identification test to confirm its type. Administration of treatment with the above results should be helpful in improving the patients' prognosis.