Sputum Smear Conversion During mDOT (Modified Directly Observed Treatment)

변형된 복약확인 치료(mDOT) 수행 후의 균음전율에 대한 연구 부제: 보건소 균양성 폐결핵 환자를 대상으로

  • Hwang, Taik Gun (Health Center, Kangnam District) ;
  • Kim, Soon Deok (Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University) ;
  • Yoo, Se Hwa (Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center) ;
  • Shin, Yoo Chul (Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University)
  • 황택근 (강남구 보건소) ;
  • 김순덕 (고려대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 유세화 (고려대학교 의과대학 호흡기내과) ;
  • 신유철 (인제대학교 서울백병원 가정의학과)
  • Published : 2004.05.30

Abstract

Background : To assess the effects of mDOT implementation on sputum smear conversion for AFB (Acid fast bacilli) positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, modified Directly Observed Treatment (mDOT) was started on October $8^{th}$ 2001 at a health center in Seoul. mDOT was defined through weekly interviewing and supervising of a patient by a supervisor (doctor, nurse, or lay health worker). The sputum smear conversion of a mDOT group was compared with that of a self-medication (self) group. Methods : This study included 52 AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered at a health center in Seoul between October $8^{th}$ 2001 and April $23^{rd}$ 2002. 24 and 28 patients were enrolled in the mDOT and self medication groups, respectively. Paired (1:1) individual matching, by gender, extent of disease, relapse and age-matching variables, was performed between the two groups, resulting in 20 paired matches. This prospective study was planned as an unblinded, non-randomized quasiexperimental pilot project. Outcomes were identified from results of sputum smear examinations for AFB in both groups at 2 weeks, and 1 and 2 months. The paired matching data were analyzed using the SAS program version 8.1 by McNemar test. Results : At the end of 2 weeks of treatment, the sputum smear conversion of the mDOT group was somewhat higher than that of the self medication group (78.57 vs. 50%, p-value=0.289), and after 1 month of treatment no statistically significant difference was shown between the two groups (83.33 vs. 50, p-value=0.125). At the end of 2 months of treatment (initial intensive phase), the sputum smear conversions of the mDOT and self groups were 95 and 75%, respectively (p-value=0.219). Conclusions : The implementation of mDOT did not result in clinically significant increases in the sputum smear conversion at 2 weeks, and 1 and 2 months compared with that of the self medication group. However, the increases experienced might contribute to diminishing the infectious period of AFB positive patients, and this approach may act as a guide for a specific group of patients. In this study, mDOT was performed for one hundred percent of the intensive treatment phase. It can also be an effective treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and may be useful for some high risk tuberculosis patients.

연구배경 : DOT를 보건소에서 현실적으로 실행 가능하게 변형시킨 mDOT는, 환자가 꾸준하게 약을 복용하도록 하기 위해 집중치료기간(투약 후 2개월)동안 1주에 1회씩 환자와 의료인 또는 의료보조요원이 면담하여 투약 및 복약감독, 상담 등을 수행하는 일주일 간격의 복약확인 치료법을 의미한다. 이를 균양성 폐결핵 환자들에게 적용시킨 후, 이 mDOT군의 균음전율(sputum smear conversion)을 self군의 그것과 비교하여, mDOT의 수행이 균양성 폐결핵 환자에서의 균음전율에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 : 서울시 S보건소에서 2001년 10월 8일부터 2002년 4월 23일까지 등록된 균양성환자 52명중에서 24명은 mDOT군, 28명은 자가복용(self)군으로 분류하였다. 24명의 mDOT군중 조절 안 되는 당뇨 동반환자 2명, 외국인 1명, 기타 1명을 제외된 20명의 mDOT군을 선정한 후, 성별, 폐결핵의 범위, 재발유무, 연령을 짝짓기 변수로 해서 일대일 1:1 짝짓기를 실시한 20명의 self군을 선정하여 균음전율을 비교연구 하였다. 본 연구의 경우 mDOT라는 중재만이 있고 무작위추출과 이중맹검이 없기 때문에 일종의 quasi-experimental study라고 할 수 있다. 분석방법은 SAS version 8.1을 이용해 짝지어진 자료에 대한 McNemar test를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 치료 2주 후, 균음전율은 self군에서 50%, mDOT군에서 78.57%로 mDOT군이 self군에서보다 약간 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p-value=0.289). 치료 1개월에는 mDOT군의 음전율이 self군보다 높게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(83.33% vs 50%, p-value=0.125). 2개월의 균음전율 역시 self군보다 mDOT군에서 비교적 높은 균음전율을 나타냈으나 표본수가 적어 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(Table 5, p-value=0.219). 결 론 : 이번 연구에서 집중치료기간 중에 변형된 복약확인 치료를 mDOT군의 20명 모든 환자에게 수행했으며, 앞으로 sample size가 충분히 모아진 연구가 이뤄지면 mDOT가 균양성 폐결핵 환자의 전염성기간(배균기간)을 통계적으로 유의하게 단축시킬 수 있다는 방향성을 제시한데에 의미가 있다. 우리나라에서 복약확인치료(DOT)는 폐결핵 환자의 치료에 효과적일 수 있고, 어떤 고위험군에서 유용하리라 생각된다. 앞으로 좀 더 큰 규모의 전향적(prospective) 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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