• Title/Summary/Keyword: 'Ana' Society

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Algicidal Characteristics of Cashew Nut Oil against Microalgae and Development of its Mixtures with Synergistic Effects (미세조류에 대한 캐슈넛 오일의 살조활성특징과 상승효과를 가지는 혼합처리제 탐색)

  • Kwak, Hwa Sook;Kim, Bo Gwan;Kim, Jin-Seog
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.136-143
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    • 2016
  • This study was conducted to investigate the algicidal characteristics of cashew nut oil (CNO) and to develop CNO mixtures with other compounds having synergistic effects on the growth inhibition against a blue-green alga, Microcystis aeruginosa. Among tested CNOs, CNO with higher anacardic acid contents (Ana-A) exhibited the best algicidal activity against M. aeruginosa. Ana-A showed broad algicidal spectrum with particular greater activity against blue-green algae than green algae. Ana-A showed the greatest activity against to Oscillatoria tenuis ($IC_{50}=0.19{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) among the tested blue-green algae and to Chlorella vulgaris ($IC_{50}=4.54{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) among the tested green algae, respectively. In a mixture experiment to evaluate a chemical interaction in M. aeruginosa control, Ana-A showed a strong synergistic effect with MSB and menadione, mild synergistic effect with citric acid, and additive effect with chryspophanol, copper sulfate and quinoclamine. Taken together, our results suggest that CNO containing higher anacardic acid can be used as an eco-friendly natural algicide for selective control of blue-green algae such as M. aeruginosa and O. tenuis through an optimization of application rate and in combination with synergists such as MSB and menadione.

Divergence of Granular Sludges and Microbial Communities in Two Types of Anaerobic Reactors Treating Different Wastewaters

  • Qin, Xianchao;Li, Chunjie;Gao, Yueshu;Zhang, Zhenjia;Zhang, Xiaojun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.633-644
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    • 2019
  • An advanced anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (AnaEG) and an internal circulation (IC) reactor, which were adopted to treat starch processing wastewater (SPW) and ethanol processing wastewater (EPW), were comprehensively analyzed to determine the key factors that affected the granules and microbial communities in the bioreactors. The granule size of $900{\mu}m$ in the AnaEG reactor was smaller than that in the IC reactor, and the internal and external morphological structures of the granular sludge were also significantly different between the two types of reactors. The biodiversity, which was higher in the AnaEG reactor, was mainly affected by reactor type. However, the specific microbial community structure was determined by the type of wastewater. Furthermore, the dominant methanogens of EPW were mainly Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium, but only Methanosaeta was a major constituent in SPW. Compared with the IC reactor, characteristics common to the AnaEG reactor were smaller granules, higher biodiversity and larger proportion of unknown species. The comparison of characteristics between these two reactors not only aids in understanding the novel AnaEG reactor type, but also elucidates the effects of reactor type and wastewater type on the microbial community and sludge structure. This information would be helpful in the application of the novel AnaEG reactor.

Prevalence and clinical significance of the positive antinuclear antibody in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (소아 특발혈소판감소 자색반병 환자에서 항핵항체 검사의 양성률 및 임상적 의의)

  • Jun, So Eun;Park, Seong Sik;Lim, Young Tak
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.51 no.11
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    • pp.1217-1221
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : An association between idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been recognized for decades because thrombocytopenia is the first manifestation in some patients with SLE. However, the risk of later development of SLE in childhood ITP is currently unknown. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and clinical significance of the positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) in children with acute ITP. Methods : This study was retrospectively performed to review the clinical and laboratory characteristics in 77 children diagnosed to have acute ITP and admitted to the Pusan National University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2006. Patients tested positive for ANA were regularly followed-up for at least 12 months for symptoms indicative of SLE. Results : Seventy-seven children were included in the study; 38 males (49.4%) and 39 females (50.5%), the mean age was 4.5 years. Sixteen (20.8%) ITP patients had a positive ANA, with a median titer of 1:320. The mean age of the patients with positive ANA was 9.3 years, which is much older than 3.3 years for patients with negative ANA (P<0.05). The positive ANA group was predominantly female (81.3%) compared to the negative ANA group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in mean platelet counts between both groups. No statistically significant difference was found in ANA positivity and progression to chronic ITP or SLE. After the median follow-up of 32 months, SLE was diagnosed only in one ITP patient with positive ANA. Conclusion : Our data demonstrated that ANA positivity is often found in children with acute ITP. Large-scale studies should be considered to determine the significance of ANA positivity in childhood ITP for the later development of SLE.

Transient Analysis of Liquid Rocket Engine around the Nominal Thrust Level (정상상태 부근에서의 액체로켓 엔진의 과도해석)

  • Choi Hwan-Seok;Seol Woo-Seok;Park Soon-Young
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.10a
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    • pp.68-76
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    • 2004
  • It is essential to develop a transient engine system analysis model for turbopump fed type liquid rocket engine development, especially for deriving engine system test number and conditions. In this study, we proposed a mathematical model of turbopump fed type liquid rocket engine, and inspected transient mode changes around the nominal thrust level of a rocket engine according to variations of trust control valve's opening ratio. To verify the results, we solved the same problem with AnaSyn software from Russia, and concluded that the transient code showed the similar results within $2\%$ with AnaSyn.

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An Optimal Distinction of Reflexives and Logophors

  • Choi, Ki-Sook
    • Language and Information
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.83-96
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    • 2000
  • In thihs paper, I investigate the different usage of a reflexive-anaphor or logophor. Some African languages which have a morphologically independent set of logophors give a clue to this dichotomy. English which does not have morphologically independent logophors employs a reflexive-self form to be used as a logophor. However, the logophors in English occur in restricted environments. On the other hand, Korean is freer than English in that it allows areflexive to be interchanged with a logophor. With this assumption, I deal with the binding in Optimality Theory. I set up the constraints-MAXlog,ana,MINlog,ana, and Ølog,ana. With these constraints, the binding in various languages are explained through constraint ranking. In addition, the long-distance binding in English is dealt with properly of we assume the dichotomy and constraint-ranking in Optimality Theory. Furthermore, this gives an explanation to reflexive and pronoun alternation in English. Also, I borrow from phonology the idea of Obligatory Contour Principle to explain the similar phenomenon in syntax. I compare English with Korean in dealing with the possessive reflexive with the recourse to The Emergence of the Unmarked Pronoun Bresnan 1997. Fnmally, the reconstruction phenomenon is accounted for with the same device.

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The Clothes, Food and Shelter Life Style of Burmese People (미얀마 버마족의 의식주 생활양식)

  • CHOI, Jae Hyun
    • SUVANNABHUMI
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.51-74
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    • 2009
  • It has often been said that Myanmar is the most profound Buddhist country in the world. That may well be true, but the brand of Buddhism practised in this isolated land is unique on the face of the globe. Myanmar Buddhism is theoretically Theravada Buddhism, a sect of Buddhism adhering most closely to the Buddha's teachings, and is the dominant form of Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia. The customary law also has an indissoluble connection with Buddhism in the Burmese society. The family customs and law have been put in statutory form with Damathat. And Damathat which is a statute law plays a important role as a mirror of the popular society. In Burmese society, the network which connects an individual and an individual fulfills its more function than the relatives and families act with group. The human relation which is generally completed within home, for example, parents and children, brothers and sisters, husband and wife and so on is situated as a center of the network which spreads outside home also in Burmese society. And Burmese society is 'khin' and 'ana' society. Burmese people positively extend the human relation through the way of thinking of Myanmar language 'khin' translated 'intimate', but they also put on the brakes the extending human relation without ending by keeping its distance through the way of thinking of Myanmar language 'ana' translated 'refuse courteously.'

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A study on Performing Time of Neurobehavioral Test in Workers exposed to Organic Solvents (유기용제 폭로 근로자에 있어서 신경행동검사의 시행시점에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Kang-Won;Park, In-Geun;Kim, Jin-Ha;Bae, Kang-Woo;Lee, Duk-Hee;Lee, Yong-Hwan
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.30 no.1 s.56
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    • pp.171-179
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    • 1997
  • This study was performed to see whether neurobehavioral tests was affected by the exposure-free time in the workers chronically exposed to organic solvents. Thirty-four female workers were participated and four items among neurobehavioral core test battery of World Health Organization, including digit span, Santa Ana Dexterity, digit symbol and Benton Visual Retention, were administered to the workers. Test was conducted three times-preshift on Monday, preshift on Weekday and during shift on Weekday-per person and the interval of tests was 2 weeks. Digit span forward, Santa Ana Dexterity, digit symbol, and Benton Visual Retention showed significant decrements by performing time, especially during shift on Week-day versus preshift on Monday and preshift on Weekday. In addition, the score at preshift on Weekday was significantly lower than preshift on Monday, in preferred Santa Ana Dexterity and digit symbol. Generally, those who were exposed to high concentration, over 50 years and under 6 years of education showed marked decrease of score at during shift. So, it would be desirable that neurobehavioral test is conducted at preshift on Monday and items related to short term memory could be considerable to be done at preshift on Weekday.

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Transient Analysis of a Liquid Rocket Engine System Considering Thrust Control (추력 제어를 고려한 액체로켓 엔진시스템 과도해석)

  • Park Soon-Young;Choi Hwan-Seok;Seol Woo-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.8 no.4
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2004
  • It is essential to develop a transient analysis model for the turbopump-fed type liquid rocket engine development, especially for deriving the number of test and its parameters. In this study we proposed a mathematical model of turbopump-fed type liquid rocket engine, and inspected transient mode changes of a rocket engine according to variations of thrust control valve opening ratio. To verify the results, we solved the same problem with AnaSyn software from Russia, and concluded that the results of transient code we developed deviated within 2% from AnaSyn results. Also, using the transient engine analysis code we showed the possibility to find out the system level design Parameters of the components. For example, we modeled a pressure stabilizer which is used to control the consistency of mixture ratio in the gas generator as forced damping system, and found the stability range of the natural frequency and the damping ratio with the transient engine system analysis code.