• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is very difficult to obtain stable production of qualified ginseng roots because of variable stresses in soil environments. High salt concentrations in the ginseng nursery soil environment of Korea is one of important reducing factors for the stable production of quality ginseng. These studies were accomplished to identify the growth rate and production of ginsenoside from ginseng hairy root against NaCI. In the MS liquid culture, the highest contents and productivity of ginsenosides were appeared at 4 week after onset of the treatment of 0.1 M NaCI. And 0.24 M NaCI was more effective on the growth of ginseng hairy root under light condition than dark condition. Plants generally produce secondary metabolites in nature as a defense mechanism against pathogenic and insect attack. In this study, NaCI acts as a kind of stress as well as elicitor for production of ginsenosides.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 1996

This study was conducted to improve the production efficiency of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos in Korean Native cows. The optimal conditions and procedures for in vitro maturation(IVM), in vitro fertilization(IVF) and in vitro culture(IVC) of bovine follicular oocytes and IVP embryos were evaluated. Immature follicular oocytes were collected fiom the follicles of bovine ovaries obtained from abattoirs. The oocytes of Grade I and II for IVM were cocultured with monolayered bovine oviductal epithelial cells(BOEG) or granulosa cells in TCM-199 solution supplemented with follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, estradiol-17$\beta$ and heat inactivated fetal calf serum at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ in air for 14 to 24 hours. Most of the oocytes(93%) matured to metaphase II in 24 hours. The cocultured IVM oocytes were fertilized in vitro at significantly(P<0.05) higher rate with BOEC(83.8%) and with granulosa cells(84.6%) than the non-cocultured IVM oocytes(73.6%). The IVM-IVF embryos developed to morula and blastocyst at significantly(P<0.05) higher rate in coculture with BOEC(41.2%) than with granulosa cells(23.1%) or conditioned medium(23.4%).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.514-520
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• 2011

This study describes conditions for the mass production of mutant hairy root lines by co-cultivation with A. rhizogenes harboring the activation tagging vector pHC7. Various sources of explants were subjected to genetic transformation with A. rhizogenes to determine optimum conditions and cultivar for the highest frequency of hairy root formation on explants. Hairy root formation also were investigated in transformed hairy roots grown in various culture media. Finally, a total of approximately 2,500 lines of hairy root mutants were produced in this study. A managing system for metabolomics in hairy root lines also were established. These hairy root lines will be useful to determine functions of genes relating biosynthesis pathway of secondary metabolites.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1987

Aspergillus sp. MK-24 was cultured at 3$0^{\circ}C$ in the medium consisting of 2% glucose, 0.2% NaNO$_3$, 0.02% $K_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02% MgSO$_4$ 7$H_2O$, 0.02% KCl, and at initial pH of 5.0. The production of the inhibitor on venom proteinase reached to the maximum in 7 days. Sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source was favorable. The production of inhibitor was not affected by the addition of most of the inorganic salt used but depressed by lead, zinc, cobalt, mercuric or silver salts.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1994

The objective of this study was to produce Korean native calves following transfer of in vitro matured, fertilized and cultured embryos into Holstein cows. The ovaries of Korean native cows or heifers were obtained from an abattoir and kept on 25 to 28$^{\circ}C$ and transported to laboratory within 2 hrs. The oocytes were matured in vitro (IVM) for 24 hrs in TCM-199 supplemented with 35$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml FSH, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol-17$\beta$ and granulosa cells at 39$^{\circ}C$ under 5% CO2 in air. They were fertilized in vitro (IVF) by epididymal spermatozoa treated with heparin for 24 hrs., and then the zygotes were co-cultured in vitro (IVC) with bovine oviductal epithelial cells for 7 to 9 days. Late morulae and blastocysts produced in vitro were nonsurgically transferred to recipient cows by unilaterial. Recipients were monitored for estrus and for pegnancy by rectal plapation in 60 days after embryo transfer. One of them was pregnant to term and produced a female weighing 42.5kg at birth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2012

Buffer solubility and protein fractionation were evaluated from the hays (timothy, alfalfa and klein) and straws (tall fescue and rice), and $In$ $vitro$ trial was conducted to examine the effect of buffer extraction on fermentation characteristics, degradability and gas ($CO_2$ and $CH_4$) production. Buffer soluble protein (SP) content and A fraction in total protein were highest in alfalfa hay as 61% and 41.77%, respectively while lowest in rice straw (42.8% and 19.78%, respectively). No difference was observed in B1 fraction among forages but B2 fraction was slightly increased in klein hay (12.34%) and tall fescue straw (10.05%) compared with other forages (6.34~8.85%). B3 fraction of tall fescue was highest as 38.49% without difference among other forages while C fraction was highest in rice straw. pH in incubation solution was higher in all forages after extraction than before extraction at 3h (P<0.01) and 6h (P<0.05), and pH from hays of timothy and alfalfa was higher than the other forages at 6h (P<0.05) and 12h (P<0.001). Regardless of extraction, ammonia-N concentration from alfalfa hay was increased at all incubation times and extraction effect was appeared only at 3h incubation time (P<0.01). Total VFA concentration from alfalfa hay was highest up to 24h incubation while those from tall fescue straw and rice straw were lowest. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.01~P<0.001) the total VFA concentration. Acetic acid proportion was increased (P<0.001) before extraction of forages but no difference was found between forages. Propionic acid($C_3$) proportion was also increased(P<0.001) before extraction in all forages than in straws at 3h, 24h and 48h incubations, and $C_3$ from hays were mostly higher (P<0.05) than from straws. Butyric acid proportion, however, was not affected by extraction at most incubation times. Parameter 'a' regarding to the dry matter (DM) degradation was increase (P<0.001) in all forages before extraction, and was decreased (P<0.05) in tall fescue straw and rice straw compared with hays. Parameter 'b' was also increased (P<0.001) before extraction but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradability of DM (EDDM) was higher (P<0.001) before extraction in most forages except for rice straw. Buffer extraction decreased (P<0.05) all parameters (a, b, and c) regrading to the crude protein (CP) degradation but no difference was found between forages. Effective degradation of CP (EDCP) was lower (P<0.05) in straws than in hays. Parameters 'a' and 'b' regarding to the NDF degradation (P<0.01) and effective degradability of NDF (EDNDF, P<0.001) were also higher in forages before extraction than after extraction but no difference was found between forages. Buffer extraction reduced (P<0.05~P<0.001) $CO_2$ production from all the forages uo to 24h incubation and its production was greater (P<0.05~P<0.01) from hays than straws. Methane ($CH_4$) production was also greater (P<0.01~P<0.001) in all forages at all incubation times, and its production was greater (P<0.05) from hays than from straws at most incubation times. Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that buffer solubility and CP fractionation might be closely related with $In$ $vitro$ VFA concentration, degradability and gas ($CO_2$ and $CH_4$) production. Thus, measurement of buffer solubility and protein fractionation of forages might be useful to improve TMR availability in the ruminants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 1996

The physiological effects of oligogalacturonic acid (OGA:D. P. 6-7), a product of acid hydrolysis of polygalacturonic acid (PGA), on ethylene biosynthesis in mung bean (Vigna radiata W.) hypocotyl segments was studied. Among PGA, OGA and monogalacturomic acid (MGA), only OGA stimulated ethylene production in mung bean hypocotyl segments, and the most effective concentraton of OGA was 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Time course data indicated that this stimulatiion effect of OGA appeared after 90 min incubation period and continued until 24 h. When indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were treated with OGA to investigate the mechanism of OGA on ethylene production, they did not show synergistic effects on ethylene production. The stimulation of ethylene production by OGA was due to the increase of in vivo ACC synthase activity, but OGA treatment had no effect of in vivo ACC oxidase activity. The effect of aminoethoxy vinyl glycine (AVG) and Co2+, the inhibitor of ethylene synthesis, was siminished a little by the OGA, but the treatment of Ca2+, known to increase ACC, with OGA did not increase the ethylene production, this effect seems to be specific for Ca2+ because other divalent cation, Mg2+, did not show the inhibition of OGA-indyuced ethylene production. It is possible that the OGA adopts a different signal transduction pathway to the ethylene bioxynthesis.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.243-246
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• 2002

In this study, biological production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae KCTC 6946 using rotary biofilm contactor was investigated. In study of neutralizing agent on fumaric acid production, $Na_2CO_3$ was more effective than NaOH. After 24 hr of incubation with a rotating speed of 10 rpm at $35^{\circ}C$, biofilm was grown on and around the surface of the disks. The yield and volumetric productivity of rotary biofilm contactor were 33.8% and 0.595 g/L${\cdot}$h, respectively, with the optimum effective disk surface area of 1,583 $cm^2/L$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.628-632
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• 2004

The chloroform and the ethyl acetate fractions from the roots of Acanthopanax chiisanensis exhibited a significant inhibition of prostaglandin E$_2$ (PGE$_2$）production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate （TPA）. Hyperin was isolated as an active principle from the ethyl acetate fraction. It sup-pressed not only $PGE_2$ production but also nitric oxide （NO） production in vitro in a concentration dependent manner. their $IC_{50}$, being 24.3 and $32.9{\;}{\mu}M$, respectively. Hyperin also caused a significant inhibition of increase in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.106-109
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• 2012

Purpose : The KOTRON-13 cyclotron was developed and installed in regional cyclotron centers to produce short-lifetime medical radioisotopes. However, this cyclotron has limited capacity to produce $^{11}C$ so far. In present study, we developed an effective $^{11}C$ target system combining with fluorine-18 target and applied to the production of various $^{11}C$ radiopharmaceuticals. Materials and Methods : To develop the optimal $^{11}C$ target system and effective its cooling system, we designed the $^{11}C$ target system by Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) simulation program and considered the cavity pressure during irradiation at target grid. In this investigation, we modified target materials, cavity shapes and the position of cooling system in $^{11}C$ target and then evaluated $[^{11}C]CO_2$ production at different beam currents, thickness of the target foil, oxygen content of nitrogen gas and target gas loading pressure. Also, we evaluate the production of several $^{11}C$ radiopharmaceuticals such as [$^{11}C$]PIB, [$^{11}C$]DASB, and [$^{11}C$]Clozapine. Results : $[^{11}C]CO_2$ was produced about 74 GBq for 30min irradiation at 60 ${\mu}A$ of beam current as following conditions: thickness of the target foil: 19 nm HAVAR, oxygen content of nitrogen: under 50 ppb, target gas loading pressure: 24 bar. Additionally, the cooling system was stable to produce $[^{11}C]CO_2$ at high beam current. The radiochemical yields of [$^{11}C$]PIB, [$^{11}C$]DASB, and [$^{11}C$]Clozapine showed about 26-38% with over 127 GBq/umol of specific activity. Conclusion : The carbon-11 target system in the KOTRON-13 cyclotron was successfully developed and showed stable production of $[^{11}C]CO_2$. These results showed that our $^{11}C$ target system will be compatible with other commercial system for the routine $^{11}C$ radiopharmaceuticals production in the KOTRON-13 cyclotron.