• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

연구배경: 폐결핵의 진단 및 치료지연은 결핵 환자의 사망률을 증가시키고, 결핵균 전파의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 3차 민간의료기관에서 폐결핵 환자 치료지연의 요인을 분석하여, 결핵관리사업을 위한 기본적인 자료를 제공하고자 시행하였다. 방 법: 1999년 5월부터 10월까지 결핵균 도말 양성 혹은 배양 양성으로 새로이 진단된 폐결핵 환자 150명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 지연치료군과 적절치료군으로 구분하여 환자 대조군 연구를 시행하여 치료지연의 요인을 분석하였고, 지연치료군 환자를 대상으로 전화 추적조사를 실시하여 치료적 중재를 실시하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자 150명 중 55명 (37%)이 지연치료군에 속하였다. 단변량 분석 결과 지연치료군의 의미있는 변수는 연령(61세 vs 40세; p <0.001), 항산균 도말 음성(85% vs 55%; p <0.001)과 1차 또는 2차 의료기관 미경유(56% vs 36%; p = 0.014)이었다. 다변량 분석 결과 고령 (p = 0.001), 항산균 도말 음성 (p = 0.001) 그리고 흉부사진상 하엽 침윤 소견 (p = 0.041)이 치료지연의 독립인자임을 확인하였다. 전화 추적조사 결과 치료를 받지 못한 22명의 환자 중 20명 (91%)이 병원에 다시 내원하기로 하였다. 결 론: 민간의료기관인 대학병원에서 폐결핵 치료 지연은 적지 않았다. 고령, 항산균 도말 음성, 하엽 침윤 소견이 치료지연의 위험요인이며, 체계적인 결핵 관리를 위한 조직 구성이 요구된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2004

목적 : 자궁경부암의 방사선치료 시 3차원입체조형방사선치료(3D-CRT)와 세기조절방사선치료(IMRT)는 소장의 방사선 조사선량을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 소장전위장치(SBDS)는 골반강 내의 소장 용적을 감소시킬 수 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 SBDS를 사용한 3D-CRT와 IMRT 계획을 SBDS를 사용하지 않은 계획과 비교하여, SBDS의 소장 조사선량에 대한 영향을 평가하였다 대상 및 방법 : 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 받은 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 각 환자에 대하여 스티로폼 압박기구와 환자에게 개별적으로 제작되는 고정기구로 구성된 SBDS를 제작하였고, SBDS가 있는 상태와 없는 상태로 복와위에서 전산화단층촬영(CT)을 시행하였다 3D-CRT는 4-field box technique을, IMRT는 15 MV X-선 7 조사문을 이용하여 계획하였으며, 회전중심점에 50 Gy (25회 분할)를 처방하였다. 비교 분석은 SBDS의 사용에 따른 소장 용적의 변화와 네 가지 계획의 소장의 선량체적히스토그람의 차이를 10 Gy 단위로 paired f-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 소장의 용적은 SBDS를 사용하였을 때 평균 522 cm$^{3}$에서 262 cm$^{3}$로 49.8$\%$ 감소되었다. 10 Gy부터 50 Gy까지 10 Gy 간격으로 일정한 조사선량을 받는 소장의 용적은 SBDS를 사용하였을 때 3D-CRT에서65$\~$80$\%$, IMRT에서 54$\~$67$\%$ 감소하였다. 3D-CRT와 IMRT를 서로 비교하면, 20 Gy부터 50 Gy까지 10 Gy간격으로 일정한 조사선량을 받는 소장 용적은 SBDS를 사용하지 않은 경우에는 IMRT가 6$\~$7$\%$ 정도 유의하게 적었으나 SBDS를 사용한 경우에는 1$\%$ 이내로 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 3D-CRT와 IMRT에서 SBDS를 사용할 때 소장의 조사선량을 더 감소시킬 수 있었으므로, SBDS를 치료에 이용하면 소장의 부작용을 더 감소시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 종양이 간원개에 위치한 환자들을 대상으로 Eclipse 치료계획시스템(treatment planning system V8.9 : TPS, Varian)에서 쓰이는 두 종류의 선량계산 알고리즘(pencil beam convolution : PBC, anisotropic Analytical algorithm : AAA)들을 적용하여 육안적종양체적(gross tumor volume : GTV), 내부표적체적(internal target volume : ITV), 계획용표적체적(planning target volume : PTV) 및 주요 관심장기에 전달되는 선량의 변화를 정량적으로 평가하고, 선량분포에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 인자들을 분석하고자 하였다. 본원에서 치료받은 간암환자 20명을 대상으로 하였고 그 중 10명의 환자들에 대해서는 정위적 방사선치료(stereotactic body radiation therapy : SBRT) 기술을 적용, 다른 10명의 환자들에 대해서는 3차원 입체조형 방사선치료(three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy : 3DCRT) 기술을 적용하여 치료하였다. 조사선량은 우선적으로 PBC 알고리즘을 적용하여 선량계산을 하였고 동일한 빔 정렬 및 콜리메이터(Collimator), Monitor Unit (MU) 그리고 Field 가중치를 적용시켜서 AAA 선량계산법으로 다시 계산 한 후, 두 알고리즘에 대한 처방선량 100%에 해당하는 체적(V100)의 lesion coverage factor (CVF) 들을 비교하였다. SBRT 기술을 이용한 환자들의 치료계획에서 전체 PTV에 대한 CVF의 경우, 두 선량계산 알고리즘사이 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계(p=0.018)를 보였다. 또한, 3DCRT 기술을 이용한 환자들의 치료계획에서는 전체 PTV (p=0.006), 간원개에 위치한 PTV (p=0.013), 전체 ITV (p=0.024)에 대하여 각각 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 복부에 위치한 주요 관심장기에 대하여 SBRT 기술을 이용한 환자들의 치료계획에서 정상 간과 신장에 조사되는 최대선량에 대하여 통계학적으로 각각 유의한 상관관계(정상간: p=0.009, 신장: p=0.037)를 보였다. 본 연구에서 선택한 선량변화 예측인자들에 대하여 대응표본 T-검정(paired T-test)을 시행한 결과, 전체 PTV에 대한 간원개에만 위치하는 PTV의 비율($PTV_{dome}$/PTV)과 두 알고리즘에 의한 CVF 비율의 상관관계에 있어서 통계학적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 또한, 종양의 크기에 대한 두 알고리즘의 CVF 비율에 있어서 통계학적으로 의미가 있는 상관관계를 보였다(SRS환자 p=0.017, 3DCRT환자 p=0.023). 본 연구에서는 15MV x-ray beam으로 선량을 계산할 때 PBC와 AAA간의 선량계산 차이를 분석하여 선택한 선량변화 예측인자 중 간원개에 위치한 종양의 크기와 계획용 표적체적에 대한 관계성을 알아내었다. 일반적으로 15MV x-ray beam에 의한 선량분포를 정확하게 알아내는 것은 AAA으로도 불충분하다는 것이 일반적인 사실로 받아들여지고 있어 이를 AAA와 PBC간의 차이로 그 정확성을 간접적으로 유추하여 실질적인 선량분포에 대한 치료계획단계에서의 선량분포의 차이의 경향성을 보고자 하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1981

수도작(水稻作) 기계화일관작업체계(機械化一貫作業體系)를 통(通)하여 이앙시기(移秧時期)의 노동(勞動)Peak를 해소(解消)하고 또한 소요노동력(所要勞動力) 절감(節減)으로 수도생도비(水稻生度費)의 절감(節減)을 위한 이앙작업(移秧作業)의 기계화(機械化)는 우리나라 현여건하(現與件下)에서 매우 시급(時急)한 과제(課題)이다. 본(本)연구(硏究)는 수도이앙작업(水稻移秧作業) 기계화(機械化)의 보다 적극적(積極的)인 추진(推進)을 위한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위해 충청남도(忠淸南道) 일반농가(一般農家) 381호(戶)를 대상(對象)으로 이앙기(移秧機) 이용실태(利用實態) 및 소유성향(所有性向)에 대(對)하여 설문조사 및 청취조사를 실시(實施)하였다. 이 조사자료는 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 전자계산소(電子計算所)의 Computer로 통계(統計) Package인 STATS에 의(依)해 분석(分析)되었다. 이 연구(硏究)에서 밝혀진 중요(重要)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 이앙기(移秧機) 소유(所有) 형태(形態)는 76.09%가 개인소유(個人所有)이나 앞으로 2~3년이내(年以內)에 구입희망농가(購入希望農家)는 52.27%가 공동소유(共同所有) 공동이용(共同利用) 희망(希望)하므로 공동(共同) 이용체제(利用體制)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)가 보다 강화(强化)되어야 할 것이다. 2. 이앙기(移秧機)로 이앙(移秧)한 수도(水稻)의 수량(收量)은 응답자(應答者)의 91.33%가 증수(增收)되거나 별차(別差)가 없는 것으로 나타나 앞으로 수도이앙기(水稻移秧機)의 농촌보급(農村普及)이 증가(增加)될 것으로 전망(展望)된다. 3. 이앙기소유농가(移秧機所有農家)의 73.26% 산파묘(散播苗) 4조용(條用)을 보유(保有)하고 있으나 2~3년내(年內)에 구입(購入) 희망(希望)하는 농가(農家)의 25.0%가 띠묘(苗) 4조용(條用)을 희망(希望)하므로 띠묘(苗) 4조용(條用)에 대한 농촌보급문제(農村普及問題)도 그 기계(機械)의 특성(特性)으로 보아 재고(再考)되어야 할 것이다. 4. 이앙기소유농가(移秧機所有農家) 및 구입희망농가(購入希望農家)의 부락공동육묘(部落共同育苗)에 대(對)한 희망도(希望度)가 49.71~57.83%로 높으므로 공동육묘(共同育苗)에 대(對)한 기술지원(技術支援) 체제(體制)가 보다 강화(强化)되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.74-100
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• 1989

Inspite of the lots of studies on the harmfulness of cigarette smoking to the body published by many researchers since 1950, cigarette smoking people are increasing in number especially, cigarette smoking by young and women causes a serious problem. Examining the physiological motives of youth shows that, impulse which the youth want to immitate the adults, alluring curiousity, and defiant physiology of escaping from the norm of traditional groups which has been banned are cooperated well compoundly. As the period of the youth is the one which they accumulate knowledge and charactor by learning as well as the period of growth mentally, and physically they should be rightly educated about smoking before they addicted to smoking and it is desirable for us to make the youth to understand how harmfully the smoking is to effect to their growth and mental soundness simply not as a social norm which they should not smoke. The main motive of this study on the attitude of smoking by the youth is to give basic materials related on this field. For this study, 647 questionnaires were used as studying material which were able to analyze among 720 questionnaires of 2 classes of each grade of 3 high schools among the high schools of boys, girls and co-educated in Seoul from Oct. 21, 1988 through Oct. 26, 1988. Study Instrument are graded in Likert's 5 point from 40 questions which are 20 questions m affirmations and 20 questions in negations after analyzing the factors on 60 simple sentence questions which the students showed in preliminary studies. And these are systemized to be measured from 1 point which means they think smoking IS very bad to 5points which means they think smoking is really good. In these collected materials, technical statistics of frequency. percentage, average, standard deviation are used for general character and smoking attitude, $X^2-test$ for examinning Independant variables of physical. emotional, ethical and other areas pearson's coefficient of correlation for related direction and degree" and step­regression analysis for the degree of relative contribution of all variables which effect smoking attitude. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The smoking attitude of high school boys and girls showed average of 1.78 in physical area, 2.63 in emotional area, 2.61 in ethical area, 2.29 in other area respectively in a negative attitude generally also the negative attitude are expressed most strongly in physical area. I've can also say by this results that smoking is harmful to their health and further more it can be judged that this proves the youth in the period of preparation be adults have a strong curiousity in the emotional, ethical and other areas. 2. The most influential variables in each field as related factors effecting smoking attitude of the student can be explained from 13.2 in physical area the lowest experienced variables to 25.2 in emotional area the highest of degree of smoking experience. The fact that the more the smoking experienced students are increasing in number the higher tendency which accept the' smoking tells as the importance of health education about the population of latest student's smoking as important variables shown equally in each area. Those of grade, age, numbers of smoking people in house are showed meaningful in pure interrelation. Those related to the acceptance of teacher's smoking, sex, mothors education are shown meaningful in opposite interrelations. This means that the' increasing number' of smoking people in grade age, the number of smoker in family have a affirmative attitude. And people who are not interested in teacher's smoking wants to quit it, and whose mother's education is higher have a negative attitude. 3. The most negatively answered questions of the smoking attitude In physical, emotional, ethical and other areas are as belows; Firstly too much smoking is harmful to our health is 1.12 point. Secondly smoking have a ill-effect on pregnancy and embryo is 1.13 point. Thirdly smoking is harmful· to our health is 1.27 point. Fourthly smoking in crowed area with the people such as In a bus or subway should be prohibited is 1.27point. Fifthly smoking can ruin lungs is 1.31 point. And the most affirmatively answered questions are also as below; Firstly we showed smoke depending on time and place is 3.96 points. Secondly smoking is just habit is 3.83 points. Thirdly smoking people seem to be unable and deplorable is 3.69 point. Fourthly smoking should be prohibited by law is 3.56 points. Fifthly high school student's smoking is immitation of adults is 3.52 points.

• 대한치과재료학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 다양한 두께와 색조를 가진 레진 -나노세라믹 CAD-CAM block(RNB)의 시편을 이용하여 광중합 시 시편을 투과하는 광자의 수와 시편을 통과하는 빛의 양에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 반투명도 지수를 측정하고, 시편 하방의 이원중합 레진시멘트의 미세경도 측정을 통해 그 중합적 특성을 파악하였다. Lava Ultimate (3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) 세라믹 시편을 A1, A2, A3색조 (HT (high translucency)와 LT (low translucency))로 각각 1, 2, 3, 4 mm 두께로 제작하였다 (n = 3). Photodiode detector (M1420, EG&G PARC, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.)를 통해 시편을 통과하는 광자의 수를 측정하였고 spectrophotometer (SpectroPro-500, Acton Research, Acton, MA, U.S.A.)를 이용하여 시편의 반투명도 지수를 측정하였다. Stainless steel mold (6 mm 직경, 1 mm 두께)를 제작하여 이원중합 레진시멘트(Rely X ARC, 3M/ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA)를 제조사의 지시대로 조작하여 적용 후 Mylar strip를 얹은 뒤 주입된 레진시멘트가 완전히 덮일 수 있도록 각 실험군의 시편을 위치시키고 광조사기로 40초간 광중합 하였다. 이후 24시간 동안 $37^{\circ}C$에 보관 후 미세경도를 측정하였다. 광자의 수는 HT, LT군에서 모두 세라믹 시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였고, A1 군이 A2군과 A3군에 비해 유의하게 적은 감소를 보였다 (p<0.05). 반투명도 지수는 HT, LT 그룹에서 시편의 두께가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 감소하였고 A1군이 A2군과 A3군에 비해 높은 값을 나타냈다 (p<0.05). HT, LT그룹 각각 두께가 증가함에 따라, 색조가 증가함에 따라 미세경도는 감소하였으며, 1 mm군과 4 mm군, 그리고 A1군과 A3군에서는 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.05).

• 한국인구학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.105-130
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• 1981

This study was conducted to compare the characteristics of high performane areas for family planning with that of low performance areas and to find factors which strongly affected contraceptive practice behavior. For the study, eight areas were selected from 274 rural family planning canvassing areas of Korean Population Policy and Program Evaluation Study, which was an action study operated in all areas of Cheju Island from July 1, 1976 until December 31,1979. As a first step of the action study, Cheju Island was devided up 318 family planning canvasser areas Each area was consisted of 200 households in rural district and 300 households in urhan one Duriog the period of project, each canvassing area had been managed by a female family planning canvasser, selected by director of health center considering several individual conditions needed for family planning activities Basic activities of canvassers were to counsell all the eligihie couples in own charged area about family planning methods and also to distribute contraceptives such as condoms and oral pills. In case couples desire to accept sterilization including vasectomy and tubal-ligation, the canvassers played a linking role connecting potential client with family planning field workers. Canvassng areas shows significant differentce in performance for family planning, nevertheless they are supposed to have almost the same conditions regarding family planning distribution channel. Because the purpose of the Cheju project was to eliminate all the problems that existed in governmental distribution system, that is to remove geographic, economic, cognitive and administrative barriers Accumulated performances of family planning methods accepted by residents in each area were calculated by eligible women aged 14-49. And then canvassing areas were ranked according to performance score. Consequently, 4 areas in extremely high and low family planning performance areas were selected respectively. Major results were obtained by comparing characteristics of high performance area with that of low performance areas, which are as follows: 1. The mean number of living children was about the same both in high and low performance areas for family planning. But respondents' mean age (38.5) in high performance areas was higher than that (37.0) in low performance areas 2. Respondents' perception in the expectant educational level of others' children in high performance areas was higher than that in low performance areas, although respondents educational level, monthly expenditure and ratio of children in high school and above was not different. 3. Ratio of ownerships of TV and newspaper in high performance areas was highen than that in low performance areas 4. The duration of canvasser' charge in high performance areas was longer than that of low performance areas, showing the fact that canvassers didn't move cut in high performance areas 5. In high performance areas, canvassers' houses were relatively located in the center part of the village. And so villagers resided in near distances from the anvasser's house 6. 4H clubs' activities in high performance areas were more active than those in low performance areas Therefore it was assumed that cohesiveness of community in high performance areas were stronger than that in low areas. 7. Canvassers' family planning practice rate was higher than that in low performance areas, and also canvassers' human relationship was more sociable than that of canvassers in low performance areas. 8. Fourteen variables which showed relatively high significance level in $X^2$ and F test were selected as independent variables for stepwise regression analysis. According to the results of regression analysis. five of 14 variables-distributors education level ($R^2$=.4439), duration of distributor's charge ($R^2$=.6166), 4H club activities ($R^2$=.6697), canvasser's contraceptive practice ($R^2$=.7377) and location of distributions house ($R^2$=.8010) explained 80.1 percent of total variance.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.97-110
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• 1973

The goal of modern nursing is to provide comprehensive nursing care to patients. If comprehensive nursing care to children (within the hospital setting) is to be provided, consideration of the stage of growth and development of the child is especially important. From clinical observation, it appeared that nurses often disregarded individual requirements of children in giving nursing care. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show that comprehensive nursing care which is based on an understanding of the growth and development of the child contributes to both the child and the mother's adaptability to the child's hospitalization. Method: Sixty children, three to three year of age, hospitalized at the Yonsei University Pediatric Ward ware studied. From April 1, 1973 to May 5, 1973, children admitted to the hospital were assigned to either an experimental or a compare groups. There were 30 children in each group. The sex and age of the children in each group was similar. In both groups were more male than female children. In the experimental group, each mother stayed with hot child continuously during his hospitalization. In the compare groups, the mother or some other member of the family stayed with the child. Each day on the child's admission the investigator visited the ward from 1-2 P.M. to 9-10 P.M., in order to provide comprehensive care for the experimental -group. The assistance given the nurses by the investigator was in the form of conferences regarding care and in giving direct care to the child and his mother. The compare group of children received nursing care as usually provided by the hospital. The instruments used to obtain the data for analysis were as follows: 1. The fear and anxiety reaction of the child was recorded by observation of the investigator for four areas: 1) separation from parent and relatives 2) reaction to Doctor and Nurse with white gowns 3) reaction to nursing care 4) reaction to injection and tests, etc. 2. Regression in area of eating, sleeping, and elimination were recorded by the investigator by questioning the mother and by observation. 3. Adaptability to the hospitalization was recorded by direct questioning of the children for areas of emotional and social adjustment. For children older than 3 years of age or children not seriously ill, using the simple I. Q. test this was possible for only 35 of the total 60 children. Result: 1. 55 percents of the total 60 children had been prepared by their parents for hospitalization. The children who had received prior preparation accepted hospitalization more readily than those who had received no preparation. (χ²=4.6 Ρ<0.05) 2. On admission 31.7 percent of the children expressed verbal fear of their discase or treatment. 25 percent felt that the disease was due to their mistake. 3. There was a significant difference in the reaction of the child to separation from the parent or relatives between the two groups. The experimental groups showed less anxiety due to separation than the compare group. (χ²=4.34 Ρ<0.05) In both groups there was less anxiety due to separation among school age (6-12 years) children than among preschool age (3-5 years) children. (χ²=9.22 Ρ<0.05) 4. More than half of the children in both groups reacted with fear and avoidance to doctor and/or nurses wearing white gowns. (χ²=0.06 Ρ<0.05) 5. The experimental group reacted more favorably to nursing in general than the compare group. (χ²=4.8 Ρ<0.05) 6. There was no difference in the fear and refused reaction to special tests and/or such as X-rays and injections, etc. between the groups. (χ²=3.77 Ρ<0.05) 7. More children in the compare group showed regressive tendencies in eating, sleeping, and elimination habits than in experimental groups. (χ²=2.3 Ρ<0.05 χ²=3.88 Ρ<0.05 χ²=4.9 Ρ<0.05) 8. There was a significant difference in the adaptability to hospitalization between the two groups. The experimental groups adapted more readily. (χ²=2.02 Ρ<0.05) 9. For children who had higher I.Q. s the adaptability to hospitalization was better regardless of the group. (χ²=5.03 Ρ<0.05) However, because of the small number of cases (60), this finding cannot be extrapolated without further verification. The date demonstrates that there was a greater adaptability to hospitalization by the child when comprehensive nursing care was given. By planning care and applying knowledge of growth and development to meet, nurses are in a position to prevent some of the psychological trauma associated with hospitalization.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.334-350
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• 2003

The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the clinical validity of QSCCII (Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification), whose high accuracy as a constitutional diagnostic tool has been recognized by medical professionals. The subjects of this study were 568 clients from an A university hospital in Suwon. Of the subjects, 259 were health center visitors and 292 were ambulatory clinic visitors. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaire and were analyzed by $X^2$-test and one-way ANOVA. The results of this study as follows: 1. In 4 types of constitution, Soeumin type was found in 41.5% of the subjects. Taeumin type in 39.2%.,and Soyangin type in 19.2%, respectively. There was no Tayangin type found in this study. There were no significant differences on types of constitution by demographic characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, education, religion, and economic status. 2. As for 15 item-selective questionnaire, there were statistically significant differences on the response rate of the 12 items, except items such as A4, A11 and A14, by the types of constitution. When the subjects' own criteria on their constitution were compared to the given constitutional criteria on each item, 4 items such as A6, A11, A13 and A14 were advisable to be excluded from the questionnaire or to be reunited to the other criteria. In the meanwhile, 3 items such as A7, A18 and A15 were desirable to be re-categorized to the other constitutional types and reconstructed to the QSCC II questionnaire. 3. In terms of 106 true-false questionnaire, there were statistically significant differences on the response rate of 46 items by the types of constitution. The 46 items include 15 items (32.6%) of the domain of 'handling something/strength and weakness', 4 items (8.7%) of the domain of 'interpersonal relationship', 9 items (19.6%) of the domain of 'state of mind at ordinary times', 2 items (4.3%) of the domain of 'distinctive emotional characteristics' area, 11 items (23.9%) of the domain of 'specific behavioral trait' and 5 items (10.9%) of the domain of 'physical characteristics'. Therefore, the areas of 'handling something/strength and weakness' and' specific behavioral trait' mainly contributed to the classification of constitutional type. 4. When the 106 true-false items were simplified to the 46 items, statistically significant differences were found on the rate of items allocated to the 3 types of constitution. The rate of selection assigned to the 3 constitutional types of the simplified 46-item questionnaire was higher than that of the original 106-item questionnaire. Conclusions; It was concluded that the rate of selection of each lay person about his own constitutional type would be still higher even though the simplified items of QSCC II questionnaire were applied. If more replicated studies are conducted on the diverse population using the simplifying QSCC II questionnaire in the future, a more simplified standardized Sasang Constitution Questionnaire that is available to the public rather than to medical staffs in the clinical settings could be developed. Moreover, the simplified scale will help nurses deliver more efficient nursing care by providing a more rapid way of health assessment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.811-817
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• 2009

목 적 : 소아 천식에서 흡입용 스테로이드의 장기간 사용이 골밀도와 골대사에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 고려대학교 안암병원 소아청소년과에서 천식으로 진단되어 최소 6개월 이상 ICS를 사용 중인 만 6세에서 12세 사이의 환아(ICS군: 26명)를 대상으로 하였다. 대조군으로 연령 및 성별이 일치하면서 LTRA만을 사용한 천식 환아(LTRA군: 15명)와 골밀도에 영향을 미칠 만한 기저 질환이 없는 정상 소아(정상군: 30명)를 선정하여 이중 에너지 X-선 흡수법으로 요추와 대퇴골 상부에서 골밀도를 측정하고, 골대사에 대한 영향은 혈청 골-특이 알칼리인산효소(BALP)를 측정하여 평가하였다. 결 과 : ICS군의 요추 골밀도는 $0.57{\pm}0.07g/cm^2$으로 LTRA군($0.55{\pm}0.06g/cm^2$) 및 정상군($0.58{\pm}0.07g/cm^2$)과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고(P=0.254), 대퇴골 상부의 골밀도도 ICS군에서 $0.70{\pm}0.07g/cm^2$로 LTRA군($0.66{\pm}0.06g/cm^2$)및 정상군($0.70{\pm}0.07g/cm^2$)과 유의한 차이가 없었다(P=0.297). 골밀도 Z-점수 또한 세 군에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(요추: ICS군 $-0.22{\pm}0.78$ vs. LTRA군 $-0.16{\pm}0.47$ vs. 정상군 $-0.19{\pm}0.83$, P=0.963; 대퇴골 상부: ICS 군 $-0.12{\pm}0.93$ vs. LTRA군 $0.16{\pm}0.59$ vs. 정상군 $-0.04{\pm}0.67$, P=0.560). 혈청 BALP 농도는 ICS군과 LTRA군에서 정상군에 비해 유의하게 높은 소견을 보였다(P=0.021). ICS군에서 ICS의 최근 6개월간 사용량, 총 축적 용량, 사용 기간, 투여 시작 연령과 골밀도 Z-점수는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다(모두 P>0.05). 결 론 : 천식 환아에서 저용량의 ICS 사용은 골밀도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하여, ICS의 부작용에 대한 과도한 우려를 막고 치료 순응도를 높이는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각한다.