• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

배경: 산화제와 항산화제 사이의 불균형은 폐암의 발생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되는 산화 스트레스를 유발한다. APE/ref-1은 DNA의 복구와 많은 전사인자들의 산화환원 조절에 연관된 다 기능성 단백질이다. 그러나 폐암에서 APE/ref-1 발현수준의 변화는 알려져 있지 않다. 대상 및 방법: 49명의 수술적으로 제거한 비소세포성 폐암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. APE/ref-1 항체에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색을 하였고, 특이 항체에 대한 Western blot을 시행해 발현 정도를 분석하였다. 결과: APE/ref-1은 주로 폐암 조직의 비 암세포 부분은 핵에 국한되어 존재하였고, 암세포는 핵과 세포질 모두에 존재하였다. 비소세포성 폐암의 핵과 세포질의 APE/ref-1의 발현은 증가되어 있었고 이는 임상적인 병기와도 상관관계를 보였다. 대표적인 항산화 물질인 catalase는 비소세포성 폐암에서 현격하게 감소되어 있었다. 결론: APE/ref-1, 특히 세포질 내의 APE/ref-1의 증가는 산화스트레스에 보상적으로 일어나는 것으로 생각하며 catalase의 감소는 폐암의 특성을 나타내는 세포 외부의 산화환원과정에 근본적인 역할을 하는 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2003년도 Proceeding
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• pp.84-87
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• 2003

This paper proposes the enhanced REF network, which arbitrates learning rate and momentum dynamically by using the fuzzy system, to arbitrate the connected weight effectively between the middle layer of REF network and the output layer of REF network. ART2 is applied to as the learning structure between the input layer and the middle layer and the proposed auto-turning method of arbitrating the learning rate as the method of arbitrating the connected weight between the middle layer and the output layer. The enhancement of proposed method in terms of learning speed and convergence is verified as a result of comparing it with the conventional delta-bar-delta algorithm and the REF network on the basis of the ART2 to evaluate the efficiency of learning of the proposed method.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2023

Background: Inner Mongolia, desertification is happening due to climate change and land use alterations. In order to evaluate desert restoration effectiveness, this study compares number of species and species diversity in restored (with planted trees), unrestored area, and the reference ecosystem (Ref-E, typical steppe and woody steppe). Results: The Ref-E had the most plant species (64 taxa), while the unrestored area had the fewest (5 taxa). Among restored areas (restored in 2012, 2008, 2005), older restoration sites had more species (18-42). Similarly, species richness (3.93-0.41) and diversity (1.99-0.40) were highest in the Ref-E and lowest in unrestored areas, with older restored sites having higher values. Conclusions: More plant species and diversity in older restoration areas suggest progress toward ecosystem stabilization, approaching the Ref-E. Therefore, tree planting in Inner Mongolia's Hulunbuir semi-arid desert is a successful restoration effort.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2018

Let R be a ring with identity. A right ideal ideal I of a ring R is called ref lexive (resp. completely ref lexive) if $aRb{\subseteq}I$ implies that $bRa{\subseteq}I$ (resp. if $ab{\subseteq}I$ implies that $ba{\subseteq}I$) for any $a,\;b{\in}R$. R is called ref lexive (resp. completely ref lexive) if the zero ideal of R is a reflexive ideal (resp. a completely reflexive ideal). Let K(R) (called the ref lexive radical of R) be the intersection of all reflexive ideals of R. In this paper, the following are investigated: (1) Some equivalent conditions on an reflexive ideal of a ring are obtained; (2) reflexive (resp. completely reflexive) property is Morita invariant; (3) For any ring R, we have $K(M_n(R))=M_n(K(R))$ where $M_n(R)$ is the ring of all n by n matrices over R; (4) For a ring R, we have $K(R)[x]{\subseteq}K(R[x])$; in particular, if R is quasi-Armendaritz, then R is reflexive if and only if R[x] is reflexive.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2014

A tissue-specific and developmentally expressed gene was isolated from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), designated BrREF (B. rapa Rubber elongation factor). BrREF transcripts were expressed at high levels in seedlings and at low levels in flower buds and roots. To study the activity of this promoter, the 2.2 kb upstream sequence of BrREF gene was fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana and B. napus by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Strong expression of GUS driven by the BrREF promoter was detected in the cotyledons and hypocotyls of transgenic plant seedlings, but GUS expression was weak in roots, excluding the root tips. GUS expression in the cotyledons and hypocotyls decreased dramatically as the seedlings matured and was not detected in the tissues of mature plants. During floral development, GUS expression was observed in immature anthers. These findings suggest that the BrREF promoter can modulate the tissue-specific and developmental expression of gene at the early stages of growth and development.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.426-429
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• 2007

CrossRef에서는 DOI 식별자를 기반으로 출판사 간 참고문헌을 링크하기 위한 참조링킹 인프라를 제공하고 있으며, CrossRef과 연계한 참고문헌의 전자원문 링크 서비스인 참조링킹 체제를 구축하는 기관이 점차 늘고 있다. 본 연구에서는 참조링킹 체제를 효율적으로 구축하기 위해 Citation Matcher를 개발하였다. Citation Matcher는 과거 수작업에 의존하던 참고문헌 DB구축 및 식별자 매칭 프로세스를 자동화하고 패턴화한 것으로, 참고문헌을 원형 그대로 Copy & Paste하면, 참고문헌의 패턴을 분석하여 참고문헌으로부터 저널명, 저자, 권/호 등 Citation 정보를 일목요연하게 파싱하고, 파싱한 정보를 표준화된 방식으로 CrossRef, Pubmed, yesKISTI 등의 메타데이터와 매칭하여 식별자를 획득하여 링크하는 솔루션이다. Citation Matcher는 과거 사람이 수행하던 국내 학술논문의 참고문헌 구축 및 매칭 프로세스를 완전 자동화함으로써 업무 프로세스를 혁신하고, 정보자원 간 연계성 제고 및 논문 간 Seamless한 접근을 통해 이용 편리성을 제고하기 위한 것이다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 직립벽을 따른 불규칙파의 연파특성을 평면수조를 이용한 수리모형실험과 Kirby and Ozkan(1994)에 의해 개발된 REF/DIF S 모형을 이용한 해석결과를 통해 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 불규칙파에 의한 연파특성, 규칙파 및 불규칙파에 의한 차이점과 유사점을 검토하였다. REF/DIF S모형에 의한 불규칙파의 연파 해석결과는 수리실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 제체 전면을 따른 상대파고는 규칙파 및 불규칙파 모두 유사하게 나타났으나, 제체 직각방향의 파고분포 경향은 매우 큰 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2013

Citing literature is a very important activity for scholars in writing articles. Many publishers and libraries build citation databases and provide citation reports on scholarly journals. Cited-by linking is a service representing what an article cites and how many times it cites a specific article within a journal database. Recently, information services based on DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) have been increasing in number. CrossRef, a non-profit organization for the DOI registration agency, maintains the DOI system and provides the cited-by linking service. Recently, the number of Korean journals adopting DOI is also rapidly increasing. The Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) supports Korean learned societies in DOI related activities in collaboration with CrossRef. This study analyzes cited patterns of Korean DOI journal articles using CrossRef's cited-by linking data and a Korean journal citation database. This analysis has been performed in terms of publication country and the language of journals citing Korean journal articles. The results show that DOI, SCI(E) (Science Citation Index (Expanded)), and English journals are more likely to be cited internationally.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2013

In this study, petroleum cokes ash and $C_{12}A_7$-based slag were used for the shrinkage reduction and strength enhancement of mortar. The hydration properties of shrinkage reduction agents were analysed. The flow, change of length and compressive strength were experimented with mortar-added shrinkage reduction agents. As a result of this study, petroleum cokes ash : $C_{12}A_7$-based slag = 60~80% : 20~40% showed excellent results. In the case of mortar with 20% $C_{12}A_7$-based slag, the setting time and change of length were similar to Ref. mortar. The flow and compressive strength were superior to Ref. mortar. In the case of mortar with a 40% $C_{12}A_7$-based slag, the setting time was longer than Ref. mortar. The compressive strength of 3 days and 7 days were superior to Ref. mortar.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

Arterial thrombosis and its associated diseases are considered to constitute a major healthcare problem. Arterial thrombosis, defined as blood clot formation in an artery that interrupts blood circulation, is associated with many cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is one of many important factors that aggravates the pathophysiological process of arterial thrombosis. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ref-1) has a multifunctional role in cells that includes the regulation of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory function. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of adenovirus-mediated Ref-1 overexpression on arterial thrombosis induced by 60% FeCl3 solution in rats. Blood flow was measured to detect the time to occlusion, thrombus formation was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the expression of tissue factor and other proteins was detected by Western blot. FeCl3 aggravated thrombus formation in carotid arteries and reduced the time to artery occlusion. Ref-1 significantly delayed arterial obstruction via the inhibition of thrombus formation, especially by downregulating tissue factor expression through the Akt-GSK3β-NF-κB signaling pathway. Ref1 also reduced the expression of vascular inflammation markers ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and reduced the level of ROS that contributed to thrombus formation. The results showed that adenovirus-mediated Ref-1 overexpression reduced thrombus formation in the rat carotid artery. In summary, Ref-1 overexpression had anti-thrombotic effects in a carotid artery thrombosis model and could be a target for the treatment of arterial thrombosis.