• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

This study was analyzed to provide fundamental data on the relationship between fast food consumption behaviors and food-related lifestyle types. Data was collected from 268 middle students in the Incheon region through a self-administered questionnaire. A factor analysis extracted five comprising food-related lifestyle, which we named health seeking (factor 1), taste seeking (factor 2), easy seeking (factor 3), popularity seeking (factor 4) and safety seeking (factor 5). According to the results of the factor analysis, the food-related lifestyle showed that the average consumption was more than 2.95 and, 0.792 in Cronbach alpha coefficient. There were significant differences in the influence factor for the selection of fast food according to taste seeking and, popularity seeking types (p<0.05). Also, the easy seeking and safety seeking lifestyle types showed a significant differences for the reason the choosing criteria of fast food (p<0.05). Especially, the nutrition problem was of the highest importance for the health and safety seeking but an advertisement effect trend appealed more to the taste seeking, easy seeking and popularity seeking lifestyles. There were significant differences in fast food of intake frequency according to health seeking, easy seeking, popularity seeking and safety seeking types (p<0.05). A significant positive result of the internal characteristics of fast food consumption (p<0.05) was shown for the health seeking and safety seeking types. A significant positive result of the external characteristics of fast food consumption (p<0.05) was shown for the popularity seeking and safety seeking types.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.338-344
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• 2020

Intolerance of Uncertainty is associated with numerous psychopathologies, including generalized anxiety disorders. However, several studies differ in the factor structures applicable for the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), and there exists a debate regarding the factorial and construct validity. Thus, in the current study, the IUS was newly translated to explore and verify the structures and factors relative to the cultural background of Korea. The study involved an exploratory factor analysis of randomly extracted data from 260 of 533 adults selected. Results determined that a prospective factor of 3 items and inhibitory factor of 5 items was appropriate. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis of the remaining 273 data revealed that a structural model comprising of the 8-items two factors model was well suited (x²=37.699, TLI=0.951, CFI=0.969, RMSEA=0.063, SRMR=0.039), and showed significant static correlation with worry, depression, and state-trait anxiety.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.23 no.11 s.170
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• pp.1952-1959
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• 1999

The work factor approach, so-called single specimen technique could be used to determine energy release rate from a single test record for unidirectional CLS specimen. In the present study, the work factor approach was extended to determine the mixed-mode fracture toughness of multi-directional graphite/epoxy laminated composites. Multi-directional CLS specimens were used for fracture tests. The stacking sequences used for the lap and the strap were $[90_2/0_2]_s/[0_4/90_4]_s$ and $[0/\pm45/0]_s/[0_2/\pm45_2/0_2]_2$, respectively. For both cases, the fracture toughness determined from the work factor approach was compared with that determined from the compliance method. It was found that both methods produced fracture toughness within a maximum 15% difference for each stacking sequence. The fractography analysis also showed that the fiber bridging occurred for$[0/\pm45/0]_s/[0_2/\pm45_2/0_2]_2$ case while it did not occur for $[90_2/0_2]_s/[0_4/90_4]_s$ case.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.233-246
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• 2015

High amounts of air pollution in crowded urban areas are always considered as one of the major environmental challenges especially in developing countries. Despite the errors in air pollution prediction, the forecasting of future data helps air quality management make decisions promptly and properly. We studied the air quality of the Aqdasiyeh location in Tehran using factor analysis and the Box-Jenkins time series methods. The Air Quality Control Company (AQCC) of the Municipality of Tehran monitors seven daily air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Monoxide (NO), Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$), $NO_x$, ozone ($O_3$), particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) and sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$). We applied the AQCC data for our study. According to the results of the factor analysis, the air quality parameters were divided into two factors. The first factor included CO, $NO_2$, NO, $NO_x$, and $O_3$, and the second was $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$. Subsequently, the Box- Jenkins time series was applied to the two mentioned factors. The results of the statistical testing and comparison of the factor data with the predicted data indicated Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (0, 0, 1) was appropriate for the first factor, and ARIMA (1, 0, 1) was proper for the second one. The coefficient of determination between the factor data and the predicted data for both models were 0.98 and 0.983 which may indicate the accuracy of the models. The application of these methods could be beneficial for the reduction of developing numbers of mathematical modeling.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2013

Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determining facial morphology, we estimated familial correlations and heritabilities of 14 facial measurements and 3 latent factors inferred from a factor analysis in a subset of the Korean population. The study included a total of 229 individuals from 38 families. We evaluated a total of 14 facial measurements using 2D digital photographs. We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. Of these, the heritability of intercanthal width in the orbital region was found to be the highest ($h^2$ = 0.61, SE = 0.14). Three factors (lower face portion, orbital region, and vertical length) were obtained through factor analysis, where the heritability values ranged from 0.45 to 0.55. The heritability values for each factor were higher than the mean heritability value of individual original measurements. We have confirmed the genetic influence on facial anthropometric traits and suggest a potential way to categorize and analyze the facial portions into different groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3851-3854
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• 2013

Objective: To explore changes in the serum tumor makers, hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and their relations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after intervention. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with NSCLC and 40 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and control groups. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the observation group before and after intervention and in control group on the day of physical examination, along with serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-speci ic enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical effects and improvement of life quality in the observation group were also evaluated. Results: The total effective rate and improvement of life quality after treatment in observation group were 30.0% and 32.5%, respectively. Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in the control group were lower than that in observation group (p<0.01), but remarkably elevatedafter intervention (p<0.01). In addition, serum CEA, NSE and SCC levels were apparently lowered by treatment (p<0.01). Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ demonstrated a positive relation with VEGF level (p<0.01) and was inversely related with CEA, NSE and SCC levels (p<0.01). Conclusions: Significant correlations exist between marked increase of serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels and decrease of indexes related to hematological tumor markers in NSCLC patients after intervention.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.675-684
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for Korean Scaling Fear (KSF)-1.1 in scaling patients. Methods : 402 sample size for scaling patients was studied in Daegu city in July and August of 2011. Mean and standard deviation was calculated in 3 dimensions(FWS: fear while scaling, DDH: distrust on dental hygienist, FAS: fear after scaling). Results : Age of 402 subjects was 36.5 years. In analyzing reliability for item-level, a range of correlation coefficient(${\alpha}$) on item-internal consistency(FWS, DDH, and FAS) was 0.58~0.88(${\alpha}$=0.90), 0.40~0.71(${\alpha}$=0.82), and 0.54~0.63(${\alpha}$=0.82), respectively. Floor(%) and ceiling(%) value on 3 dimensions were also 9.2% and 4.0%, 12.4% and 0.5%, and 17.7% and 1.2%, respectively, therefore, we found statistically high reliability for those(p<0.001). With explanatory factor analysis, this study could generate 3 dimensions(factor 1, eigenvalue 5.41, proportion 0.49; factor 2, eigenvalue 1.50, proportion 0.14; factor 3, eigenvalue 1.04, proportion 0.09) and 11 sub-scales. Also confirmatory factor analysis results showed that the KSF1.1 model was fitted very well in analysis of model fit($x^2$=112.94, df=41, p=0.000; goodness of fit index=0.95; adjusted goodness of fit index=0.92; root mean square residual=0.057). Conclusions : In conclusion, The findings of this study showed that developed reliable and valid instrument for measuring the KSF1.1 in the scaling patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.356-360
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• 2002

The piezoelectric properties of $0.05Pb(Al_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_3-0.95Pb(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3+0.7wt%Nb_2O_5+o.5wt%MnO_2$ ceramics with the additive of BaCO$_3$were investigated. As the addition of BaCO$_3$increased from 0 to 0.4 wt%, the dielectric constant ($\epsilon^T _{33}$), piezoelectric constant ($d_33$), electromechanical coupling factor ($k_p$), and mechanical quality factor ($Q_m$) increased, while the dielectric loss ($tan\delta$) decreased. The highest piezoelectric and dielectric properties were observed at $1200^{\circ}C$ of the sintered temperature with 0.4 wt% of $BaCO_3$, and the properties of $d_33$, $k_p$, and $Q_m$ were 339 pC/N, 60% and 1754, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.356-361
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• 2001

The structureal, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb[(Sb$\_$1/2/Nb$\_$1/2/)$\_$x/-(Ni$\_$1/3/Nb$\_$2/3/)$\_$0.15-x/-(Zr$\_$y/Ti$\_$1-y/)$\_$0.85/]O$_3$(x=0∼0.05, y=0.47∼0.52) ceramics were investigated with the substitution of Pb(Sb$\_$1/2/Nb$\_$1/2/)O$_3$(abbreviated PSN) and the Zr/Ti ratio. At Zr/Ti ratio of 50/50, tetragonality was decreased and grain size abruptly decreased with the increase of PSN substitution. Curie temperature was decreased and dielectric constant increased with the substitution of PSN. The coercive field increased and remnant polarization decreased with the substitution of PSN. Electromechanical coupling factor(k$\_$p/) showed the highest value of 0.622 at 1mol% PSN, but mechanical quality factor(Q$\_$m/) showed the minimum value at that composition. Dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor with the Zr/Ti ratio showed maximum values at Zr/Ti ratio of 50/50 and mechanical quality factor showed minimum values near the Zr/Ti ratio of 50/50.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.15-20
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• 1986

Formation of powders and electromechanical coupling factor of $Pb(Mn_{1/3} Sb_{2/3})_{0.08} Ti_{0.495}Zr_{0.425}O_3$ by hydro-thermal synthesis are described. The hydrothermal reactions each were accomplished at 12$0^{\circ}C$~25$0^{\circ}C$ for 5hours and sintering was accomplished at 1, .20$0^{\circ}C$ for 1hours. The PZT powders by hydrothermal synthesis were formed above 16$0^{\circ}C$ and the forms were cubic types. The ratio of grain size of sintered sample to powder was slowly decreased with the rising of hydrothermal reactino temperature but decreased rapidly above 22$0^{\circ}C$ Sintering density was decreased with the rising of hydrothermal reaction temperature above 16$0^{\circ}C$ but dielectric constant was increased. Electromechanical coupling factor $K_P$ was almost constant at 16$0^{\circ}C$~24$0^{\circ}C$ range and the value of $K_P$ was about 0.43-0.45.