• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.858-864
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• 2007

This study investigated the antibacterial activities of sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens in combination with two antimicrobial agents against oral bacteria. The combined effect of sophoraflavanone G and the antimicrobial agents was evaluated using the checkerboard method to obtain a fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC) index. The sophoraflavanone G+ampicillin(AM) combination was found to have a synergistic effect against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, S. sobrinus, S. gordonii, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis, whereas the sophoraflavanone G+gentamicin(GM) combination had a synergistic effect against S. sanguinis, S. criceti, S. anginosus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, F nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis. Neither combination exhibited any antagonistic interactions(FIC index>4). In particular, the MICs/MBCs for all the bacteria were reduced to one-half$\sim$one-sixteenth as a result of the drug combinations. A synergistic interaction was also confirmed by time-kill studies for nine bacteria where the checkerboard suggested synergy. Thus, a strong bactericidal effect was exerted through the drug combinations, plus in vitro data suggested that sophoraflavanone G combined with other antibiotics may be microbiologically beneficial rather than antagonistic.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2007

The objective of the present study was to investigate relationships between Caslick's index and fertility for different age groups of Cheju mares. Ninety-one Cheju mares were used for this study. Caslick's index was measured the effective length and angle of declination of the vulva in the mare. They were mated naturally by stallions from February to October during the years $2002{\sim}2005$. The classification used in the present study was : Group I - good conception every years, Group II - conception every other year and Group III - Barren. Younger aged group ($3{\sim}7$ years) had a lower Caslick's index (<50) compared with $8{\sim}14$ aged group and older aged group (> 15 years). In this study, Caslick's index was increasing by increasing age of Cheju horse like Thoroughbred. However, fertility was decreasing by increasing Caslick's index. Hence, there was significant association between the different Caslick's index and fertility. Further research is needed to determine relationship between different Caslick's index and endometritis.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

Seasonal variation in marine macroalgal community structure was examined at the intertidal zones of Geumgap, Jindo, Korea, from October 2013 to August 2014. In total, 56 macroalgal species were identified, including 9 green, 12 brown, and 35 red algae. Annual seaweed biomass was 548.96 g wet wt. /$m^2$ with seasonal range between 371.08 g wet wt. /$m^2$ at summer and 32.91 g wet wt. /$m^2$ at winter. The dominant seaweed in terms of biomass was Sargassum thunbergii and subdominant species were Gelidium elegans, Sargassum fusiforme, and Ishige okamurae. The vertical distribution of seaweeds from the upper to lower intertidal zones was Gloiopeltis spp., Ulva spp.- S. thunbergii, S. fusiforme, Ishige okamurae - S. thunbergii, S. fusiforme, G. elegans. Annual seaweed coverage, richness index (R), evenness index (J'), and diversity index (H') values were 27.95%, 6.10, 0.38, and 1.38, respectively. Coarsely branched form was the most dominant functional group in terms of species number and biomass among benthic macroalgal species.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to make a comprehensive study & evaluation of the oral status of mental retarded children. The auther examined intraorally 486 (male; 311, female;175) mental retarded children. The result was as follows; (General mental retarded children means the children who live in their parent's home, & orphan mental retarded children means the children who live in orphanage.) 1. The dft rate was 31.6% in general mental retarded children (G.m.r.c.) & 20.7% in orphan mental retarded children (O. m. r. c.). The dft index was 3.73 in G.m.r.c. & 2.15 in O.m.r.c. 2. The DMFT rate was 24.6% in female G.m.r.c., 16.7% in male G.m.r.c., 12.7% in female O.m.r.c., 8.4% in male O.m.r.c. The DMFT index was 4.94 in female G.m.r.c., 4.01 in male G.m.r.c., 1.40 in male O.m.r.c., 2.75 in female O.m.r.c. 3. The malocclusion prevalence was 57.3%. the class I malocclusion was 14.2% Class II malocclusion 19.3%, Class III malocclusion 23.5%. The children with Down's syndrome had 60.0% of class III malocclusion prevalence. 4. The dental calculus index was 1.97 in male O.m.r.c., 1.81 in female O.m.r.c., 1.30 in male G.m.r.e., 1.13 in female G.m.r.c. 5. The dental plaque index was 3.06 in female G.m.r.c., 3.00 in male Gm.r.e. 2.70 in male O.m.r,c., 2.32 in female O.m.r.c.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2024

Chung's equations-IX and Chung's equation-XII were utilized to predict the fire risk and evaluate fire risk ratings for four types of wood: camphor, cherry, rubber, and elm trees. The combustion tests were conducted using a cone calorimeter test method by ISO 5660-1 standards. The fire risk and fire risk rating (FRR) were compared for Fire Risk Index-IX (FRI-IX) and Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII). The results yielded Fire Performance Index-XI (FPI-XI) ranging from 0.08 to 11.48 and Fire Growth Index-XI (FGI-XI) ranging from 0.67 to 111.89. The Fire Risk Index-XII (FRI-XII), indicating fire risk rating, exhibited an increasing order of cherry (0.45): Grade A (Ranking 5) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 4) < elm (1.23): Grade A (Ranking 3) < rubber (1.56): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor (148.23): Grade G (Ranking 1). Additionally, the fire risk index-IX (FRI-IX) was cherry (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ rubber (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) ≈ elm tree (0): Grade A (Ranking 3) < PMMA (1): Grade A (Ranking 2) << camphor tree (66.67): Grade G (Ranking 1). In general, camphor was found to have the highest fire risk. In conclusion, although the expression of the index is different as shown based on the standards of FRI-IX and FRI-XII, predictions based on fire risk assessment of combustible materials showed similar trends.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.932-938
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• 1997

Changes in viscosity and dynamic theological properties of Job's-tears were measured by Bohlin dynamic tester as a function of moisture, and measurement was performed within a linear viscoelastic range. The result of the shear stress vs shear rate of Job's-tears at different moisture contents $(50{\sim}75%)$ was applied to mathematical models and Herschel-Bulkley model showed the highest correlation coefficient. Lower moisture content (55%) produced higher yield stress and consistency index, but lower flow behavior index, whereas higher moisture content showed reverse effects. Job's-tears with $50{\sim}70%$ moisture contents showed a higher storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G') at all frequencies, showing a higher concentrated polymer characteristics. However, higher moisture content (>75%) showed crossover point between G' and G', and frequency dependency. As the moisture content was increased, the amount of viscoelastic properties such as G', G', complex viscosity decreased during heating, and initial temperature and miximum value of viscoelastic properties shifted to higher temperatures, representing the moisture-dependence of Job's-tears upon theological properties.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.468-472
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• 2007

There are many measuring tools to evaluate individual's scientific productivity using scientific articles based on bibliometrics. Especially succeeding discussions are accomplished at an trial for individual's scientific productivity after Hirsch's 2005 proposal using h-index. And there are many succeeding discussions and applications to evaluate journals, articles and qualitative level of researchers using h-index, g-index. But these indices have a same indices without regard to first author or other co-author if a article has a same number of citations. This research aims to propose K-index integrated between these indices and author rank.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.7-8
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• 2007

This paper presents an vulnerability index for hidden failure of protective relays in transmission system. The bad influence can be quantized by an vulnerability index. When there is mis-operation, no-operation or mis-setting, power flow can be quantized by an index. According to the index, relays can be resetting. So the wide area blackout can be prevented.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.388-396
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• 2023

The evaluation of fire risk for combustible materials was carried out using Chung's equations-X, Chung's equations-XI, and Chung's equation-XII, which were newly established. The fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII) and fire risk rating (FRR) were calculated for specimens including camphor tree, cherry, rubber tree, and elm. The combustion characteristics were determined using a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1. Chung's equations caculated the fire performance index-X (FPI-X) and fire growth index-X (FGI-X) values ranged from 89.34 to 1696.75 s² /kW and from 0.0006 to 0.0107 kW/s² , respectively. In addition, the fire performance index-XI (FPI-XI) and fire growth index-XI (FGI-XI) varied from 0.08 to 1.48 and from 0.67 to 11.89, respectively. The fire risk index-XII (FRI-XII), which is an indicator of fire risk, showed that camphor tree had a value of 148.63 (fire risk rating: G), indicating a very high fire risk. This suggests that combustible materials with a high concentration of volatile organic compounds have lower FPI-X and FPI-XI values, higher FGI-X and FGI-XI values, and consequently higher FRI-XII values, indicating an increased fire risk.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the reproduction of the oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis were investigated using histological methods. The experimental fishes were exposed to 0. 3.4, 9.3 and 25.8 ${\mu}g\; L^{-1}$ PCBs fey 8 weeks. Dead fishes and abnormal behavior were not observed in control and PCBs exposure group. In compared with control group, PCBs exposure fishes showed differences of gonadal development, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (BSI), nuptial color index (NCI) and ovipositor length index (OLI). These results showed that PCBs could disrupt reproductive process in the fish.