• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2001

This study is the descriptive survey for the purpose of providing the basic data that establishes the strategy to promote adolescent's hope by the examining of self-esteem, academic achievement, family functioning and hope of adolescents and the investigating of the factors influencing the hope in adolescents. The subjects for this study were 456 students of the first and second year of man's senior high school that located in Seoul. The data were gathered from 16th to 31st of the October 2000. For the survey tool, it was used that the Family Assessment Device(FAD) of Epstein, Baldwin & Bishop(1983), the Self-Esteem Inventory(SEI) of Coopersmith(1975), the class record order and Hinds & Gatusso(1991)'s Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents(HSA). The collected data was analyzed by statistics methods as the descriptive and frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Stepwise multiple regression of SAS program. The results of this study were following : 1. The mean score of self-esteem of young people was 51.06±6.83 and the mean grade was 2.04. The high academic achievement was 29.2％, middle grade was 52.7％, and low grade was 18.1％. The mean score of the family functioning was 38.30±6.98 and the mean grade was 2.25. The mean score of hope was 84.26±16.45 and the mean grade was 3.51. 2. The hope in adolescents was significantly different according to their father's school career. The mean score of the group that the father's school career was below junior high school was 77.32. That was significantly lower than the mean score 84.59 of the group that the father's school career was above college and the mean score 85.18 of senior high school group(F=4.04, P= 0.0183). 3. The self-esteem was represented the positive correlation with family functioning(r=0.43) and the all of the 4 subscales(r=0.31, 0.41, 0.39, 0.30). And, it was highly ranked as much as family functioning was good. The academic achievement was represented the positive correlation with self-esteem(r= 0.15). Also, the positive correlation was shown between the affective responsiveness, role recognition and emotional support as the subscales of family functioning and academic achievement(r=0.11, 0.12). And so, academic achievement was high as much as self-esteem was high and affective responsiveness and role recognition and emotional support were good. The hope was represented positive correlation with self-esteem and academic achievement(r=0.42, 0.26), and with the whole of family functioning(r=0.15) and the 4 subscales(r=0.13, 0.16, 0.11, 0.13). So, hope was high as much as self-esteem was high, academic achievement was high and family functioning was good. 4. The influencing factors on the hope of adolescents were self-esteem(17.63％), academic achievement(3.41％), father's school career(0.84％). These factors made it possible to explain 21.88％ of hope.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 1997

Introduction : Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is shown to common in patients with OSA and may become evident or worsened when treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Whether this is due to im proved sleep continuity. adverse nocturnal body positioning, uncovered by CPAP, or due to the CPAP stimulus is still debat-ed. We hypothesized that the increase in PLM activity following CPAP is associated with more supine-sleeping tendencies when being treated with CPAP. In the present work, we compared differences in the PLMD index (PLMI) and sleeping position of patients with sleep disordered breathing before and after CPAP treatment. Method : We studied 16 patients (mean age 46 yr, 9M, 7F) with OSA (11 patients) or UARS (5 patients) who either had PLMD on initial polysomnogram (baseline PSG) or on nasal CPAP trial (CPAP PSG). All periodic leg movements were scored on anterior tibialis EMG during sleep according to standard criteria (net duration; 0.5-5.0 seconds, intervals; 4-90 seconds. 4 consecutive movements). Paired t-tests compared PLMD index (PLMI), PLMD-related arousal index (PLMD-ArI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), and supine sleeping position spent with baseline PSG and CPAP PSG. Results : Ten patients (63%) on baseline PSG and fifteen patients (94%) on CPAP PSG had documented PLMD ($PLMI{\ge}5$) respectively with significant increase on CPAP PSG(p<0.05). Ten patients showed the emergence (6/10 patients) or substantial worsening (4/10 patients) of PLMD during CPAP trial. Mean CPAP pressure was $7.6{\pm}1.8\;cmH_2O$. PLMI tended to increase from baseline PSG to CPAP PSG, and significantly increase when excluding 2 outlier (baseline PSG, $19.0{\pm}25.8/hr$ vs CPAP PSG, $29.9{\pm}12.5/hr$, p<0.1). PLMD-ArI showed no significant change, but a significant decrease was detected when excluding 2 outlier (p<0.1). There was no significant sleeping positional difference (supine vs non-supine) on baseline PSG, but significantly more supine position (supine vs non-supine, p<0.05) on CPAP PSG. There was no significant difference in PLMI during supine-sleeping and nonsupine-sleeping position on both of baseline PSG and CPAP PSG. There was also no significant difference in PLMI during supine-sleeping position between baseline PSG and CPAP PSG. With nasal CPAP, there was a highly significant reduction in the RDI (baseline PSG, $14.1{\pm}21.3/hr$ vs CPAP PSG, $2.7{\pm}3.9/hr$, p<0.05). Conclusion : This preliminary data confirms previous findings that CPAP is a very effective treatment for OSA, and that PLMD is developed or worsened with treatment by CPAP. This data also indicates that supine-sleeping position is more common when being treated with CPAP. However, there was no clear evidence that supine position is the causal factor of increased PLMD with CPAP. It is, however, suggested that the relative movement limitation induced by CPAP treatment could be a contributory factor of PLMD.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

In this study we aims to examine the effects of $Co_3O_4$ and NiO doping on the defects and electrical properties in ZnO-$Bi_2O_3-Sb_2O_3$ (Sb/Bi=0.5) varistors. It seemed to form ${Zn_i}^{{\cdot}{\cdot}}$(0.20 eV) and ${V_o}^{\cdot}$(0.33 eV) as dominant defects in Co and Ni co-doped ZBS system, however only ${V_o}^{\cdot}$ appeared in Co- or Ni-doped ZBS. Even though the same defects it was different in capacitance (1.5~4.5 nF) and resistance ($0.3{\sim}9.5k{\Omega}$). The varistor characteristics were improved with Co and Co+Ni doping (non-linear coefficient, ${\alpha}$= 36 and 29, relatively) in ZBS. The various parameters ($N_d=1.43{\sim}2.33{\times}10^{17}cm^{-3}$, $N_t=1.40{\sim}2.28{\times}10^{12}cm^{-2}$, ${\Phi}b$=1.76~2.37 V, W= 98~118 nm) calculated from the C-V characteristics in our systems did not depend greatly on the type of dopant, which were in the range of a typical ZnO varistors. It should be derived a improved C-V equation carefully for more reliable parameters because the variation of the varistor capacitance as a function of the applied dc voltage is depend on the defect, frequency, and temperature.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.865-878
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• 1999

With advances in neonatal medicine, smaller and sicker infants are surviving premature birth. As these tiny patients battle for their lives, their parents also struggle with psychological consequences of an unexpected role. The birth of a sick infants has long been documented as stressful events for the parents. High stress levels may alter parents' interaction with their baby and impair their communication with health professionals, which can in turn affect parents' participation in care planning and decision making. Nursing interventions aimed at reducing the parental stress and anxiety levels during this crisis may have a positive impact on their ability to form an attatchment to their baby and make prudent decisions about his care. The planning of such interventions would be inhanced if the contributions of various factors to increased parental stress levels were identified. This descriptive study was conducted to understand the contents and degree of parental stress in the NICU during their premature's hospitalization, and to give a baseline data in developing nursing intervention program. Subjects were the 60 mother of hospitalized newborn in NICU of 2 University Hospital in Taejon City from April 1st, 1999 to June 30th, 1999, who agreed to take part in this study. The instrument used in this study were Parental Stressor Scales:NICU(PSS:NICU) developed by Miles et al.. and validated by 3 NICU practitioners and 3 child health nursing faculties. The questionnaire has 4 dimensions and 45 items; sight and sounds of NICU(5 items), babies' appearance and behavior nursing intervention(19 items), parental role alteration and relationship with their baby(10 items), health team communication(11 items). The questionnaire asks parents to rate each item on a five-point Likert type scale that ranges from "not stressful" (1) to "extremely stressfu1"(5). Total scores representing overall stress from the NICU environment are calculated by summing response to each item. A high score indicates high stress. A subscale score is calculated by summing the responses to each item in the subscale. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients were .93. The data was analyzed as average, Frequency, Standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient by use of SPSS/PC+. The results of this study is summarized as follows ; 1. The total perceived stress level score of mothers of premature baby was slightly high($3.66{\pm}1.1$). The highest scored dimension was 'relationship with their baby and parental role change'($4.21{\pm}0.9$), and next were 'appearance and behavior of the baby'($3.92{\pm}1.1$), 'communication with health team'($3.32{\pm}1.3$), 'sight and sounds of NICU'($3.30{\pm}1.1$). 2. There were statistically significant correlation noted ; mother's perceived severity of the baby's condition(F=8.0012, P= .0125) and baby's gestational age(r = -.4724, P = .0500). In summary, information about physical environment of NICU, the mother's perceived severity of premature baby's state, maternal role change related variables and the knowledge of characteristics of premature baby must be included in nursing intervention program of mother's of premature baby in reducing the parental stress and anxiety level. It is suggested that each NICU needs to develop a nurse managed supportive care program for parents of premature baby. Also, it is suggested that there need to investigate the coping mechanism of mother of premature baby.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2007

Objectives : Empathy has been conceptualized as the ability of emotional resonance and perspective-taking. Emotional awareness has been proposed as the basis of empathy. In this study we examined the relationship between empathy and mood awareness and their neural correlates in resting-state activity in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Empathy and mood awareness scale scores were compared between 29 patients with schizophrenia and 21 normal controls by voxel-based t-tests and voxel-based correlation analyses of resting-state $^{18}F$-FDG PET images. Results : Empathy and mood labeling scale scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients. Mood monitoring was positively correlated with empathy score in normal controls, but not in schizophrenic patients. In normal controls, empathy was positively correlated with resting-state activities in the intraparietal sulcus and mood monitoring was positively correlated with the temporal pole, frontopolar cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and the subgenual prefrontal cortex resting activities. The orbitofrontal cortex resting activity was positively correlated with mood monitoring-related subgenual prefrontal cortex activity in the normal controls. Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased orbitofrontal resting activity and loss of its correlations with mood monitoring-related regional activities. Conclusion : This study showed that alteration in the resting-state activity in schizophrenia may reflect dysfunctional empathy and distorted characteristic of emotional awareness. However, the resting-state activity may not reflect the relationship between emotional awareness and empathy.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 물사과 가지 추출물 및 용매 분획물의 항산화 활성과 세포보호효과를 검색하고 유효성분을 분리하여 화학구조를 규명하였다. 물사과 가지 추출물 및 용매 분획물의 DPPH 및 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과, 에틸아세테이트 및 부탄올 분획물에서 우수한 라디칼 소거 활성이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 세포 손상에 대한 세포보호효과를 확인한 결과, $20{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 추출물 및 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 보호효과가 나타남을 확인하였다. 항산화 활성이 좋은 에틸아세테이트 분획물에서 유효성분을 찾고자 medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC)를 실시하여 2개의 화합물을 분리하였으며 $^1H$ 및 $^{13}C$ NMR 데이터 분석 및 문헌 비교를 통하여 화학구조를 동정하였다; pinocembrin (1), desmethoxymatteucinol (2). 분리된 화합물에 대한 DPPH 및 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과, 화합물 1, 2 모두 농도의존적으로 우수한 라디칼 소거 활성이 나타났다. $100{\mu}M$의 농도에서 화합물 1, 2는 $H_2O_2$로 유도된 세포손상에 대하여 세포보호효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 물사과 가지 추출물은 천연 항산화 소재로써 활용 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1974

This study was attempted for clinical investigation regarding with Apgar score changing phase of newborns and their sucking power related the score and weight. The data for this study obtained from 545 newborns who were born at Dept. of obstetric WooSok Hospital, Korea University from Jan. to Sept.. 1373. It is hoped that this study will contribute to nursing care planning of newborns in nursery. The Apgar score was checked in the delivery room at 1 minute after delivery by Doctor and rechecked at 30 minutes and 1 hour after delivery by nurses. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The total newborn numbers at 1 minute after delivery were 545, at 30 minutes were 542 (3 dead) and at 1 hour were 540. The babies were divided into 3 groups by the Apgar score. The frequency of group 1 (score 1 to 4) at each times were 5.0%, 0.9%, 0.4%, group 2 (score 5 to 7) 11.2%, 4.1%, 1.7% and group 3 (score 8 to 10) 83.8%, 95.0%, 97.9%. 2. The group I was found most frequently among the cases of less than 2, 500g and group 3 was found among the cases over 2.500g. It was found that there was a tendency of delaying in recovery process of low score among the premature and low birth weight newborns. 3. The type of delivery, breech and other I e was found worst and C-Section was the second, however normal spontaneous delivery was found the best. 4. In observation of sucking power of the newborn related its score and weight, good, fair, poor marks were given. But for convenience of statistical analysis. good and fair was collected together and poor alone evaluated. The result of group 1.2 examined statistically by F.E.T shown no relation between newborn weight and sucking power. however group 3, examined by X$^2$test shown very significant relation between newborn weight and sucking power. 5. The mortality rate of newborn while they were in hospital was found 2.6% to 545 of birth and all cases of dead belonged to group 1 at 1 minutes after delivery. 64.3% of the dead was found among the cases less than 2, 500g. 6. It was found that in this observation premature and Newborn asphyxia had influence to low score at birth. Conclusively, good anthemata carr should be emphasized in order to prevent main causes of these and should avoid abnormal delivery as possible.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2014

본 연구는 치과위생사의 감정노동수준에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대해 알아보고, 감정노동을 완화시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 자료 수집은 수도권 내 5개 대학병원 및 전국 55개 치과 병 의원에 근무 중인 치과위생사 204명의 설문응답을 바탕으로 빈도분석, 평균차이분석, 상관 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 응답자의 인구사회특성별 감정노동 수준은 학력수준과 의료기관 유형에 따라 차이가 있었다. 즉 응답자가 4년제 대졸 이상일수록, 근무하는 의료기관의 유형이 치과의원인 경우보다 치과병원인 경우 감정노동수준이 높았다(F=-2.803). 또한 감정노동수준과 감정노동 영향요인의 분석에서 환자요인(${\beta}=0.221$)과 환경요인(${\beta}=0.327$)이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 치과위생사들의 감정노동수준을 완화시키기 위해서는 근무환경 개선, 환자 및 보호자 교육, 심리상담 및 스트레스 완화프로그램 운영, 인센티브 제도 등을 적극 도입하여야 하며, 이를 위해 근로자 본인과, 상사 및 경영자, 동료, 그리고 환자 및 보호자들의 지속적인 공동 노력이 필요함을 본 연구결과는 시사하고 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.118-134
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• 1994

본 연구는 덕유산 국립공원 설천지구내에 건설되고 있는 무주리조트 골프장예정지의 식물군집구조를 밝히고 환경영향평가서의 식물생태계부분 재평가를 위해 실시하였다. 현존식생은 소나무-신갈나무-졸참나무군집이 33.2%, 참나무류군집이 27.3%, 소나무군집이 20.7%, 고산습지가 4.9%이었으며 본 조사지 삼림은 독특한 환경조건을 이루고 있었다. 녹지 자연도는 등급 8, 9가 전체의 93%를 차지하는 안정된 생태계를 구성하고 있었으며 환경영향평가서상의 녹지자연도등급 산정과 본 조사결과와는 많은 차이를 보였다. 54개 조사구에 대한 DCA 분석에서 분리된 군집은 6개로써 소나무군집, 소나무-신갈나무군집, 소나무-졸참나무-들메나무-물박달나무군집, 신갈나무-졸참나무-소나무군집, 신갈나무-굴참나무군집, 버드나무-물박달나무군집이었고 소나무군집을 제외한 기타의 군집은 소나무$\longrightarrow$참나무류로의 생태적 천이단계에 있는 것으로 예측되었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.94-103
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 방문간호사의 이직의도와 직무만족도와의 관련성과 이직의도의 예측요인을 분석하여 맞춤형 방문건강관리사업의 안정적인 정착과 활성화에 도움이 되고자 시도되었다. 조사대상자는 대구시와 경상북도의 방문간호사를 대상으로 총 237명의 조사결과를 최종적으로 활용하였다. 방문간호사의 이직의도는 3.12점(5점 만점)이었고 직무만족도는 2.41점(4점 만점) 이었다. 직무만족도 하위영역에서는 운영요인의 점수가 가장 낮았고, 인간관계요인 점수가 가장 높았다. 방문간호사의 이직의도와 관련이 있는 일반적인 특성은 결혼상태, 종교, 방문건강관리업무 근무경력, 고용형태, 근무지역이었으며, 이직의도와 직무만족도간에는 부적인 상관관계를 보여주었다. 이직의도를 설명하는 주요변수로는 직무만족도, 결혼상태, 고용형태로 나타났고, 방문간호사 이직의도를 19.8% 설명하였다. 방문간호사들의 이직의도를 감소시키기 위해서는 직업 만족도 향상 방안과 각 지자체마다 방문간호사의 연속고용이 보장될 수 있도록 실효성 있는 제도적 장치 마련이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 이로 인해 방문보건사업의 정립과 함께 질적인 성과도 향상될 수 있을 것이다.