• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2007

China has numerous native domestic goat breeds, but so far there has been no extensive study on genetic diversity, population demographic history, and origin of Chinese goats. To determine the origin and genetic diversity of Chinese goats, we analyzed the complete mtDNA D-loop sequences of 183 goats from 13 breeds. The haplotype diversity value found in each breed ranged from 0.9333 to 1.0000. The nucleotide diversity value ranged from 0.006337 to 0.025194. Our results showed that there were four mtDNA lineages (A, B, C and D), in which lineage A was predominant, lineage B was moderate, and lineages C and D were at low frequencies. Lineages C and D were observed only in the Tibetan breed. The results revealed multiple maternal origins of Chinese domestic goats. There was weaker geographical structuring in the 13 Chinese goat populations, which suggested that there existed high gene flow among goat populations caused by the extensive transportation of goats in the course of history.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

납자루 Acheilognathus lanceolatus의 유전 변이와 집단 구조를 알아보기 한국의 5개 집단(한강과 금강, 동진강, 섬진강, 낙동강)과 일본의 1개 집단(Katsura River)을 대상으로 AFLP 분석을 수행하였다. 5개의 선택적 프라이머 조합에 의 해 검출된 집단별 유효 밴드의 수는 345~374개였으며, 다형성 밴드 수는 55 (15.0%)~131 (24.9%)개였다. 평균 유전적 다양성은 낙동강 집단이 가장 높은 값을 보였고 한강 집단이 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 계통도 상에서 각 수계별로 채집된 개체는 각 집단별로 함께 분기하으며, 이들은 높은 bootstrap 값으로 지지되는 2개의 단계통군 또는 집단 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 한편 유전적 분화도($F_{ST}$)는 모든 집단 간에 유의적 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 집단 그룹 간의 유전적 변이 수준을 알아보기 위해 AMOVA 분석을 실시한 결과 총 25.49%의 변이(P<0.01)을 보여 이들 집단 그룹은 유전적으로 명확히 구분되었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.457-458
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• 2008

This paper presents an output common mode current compensation method to achieve both constant Gm and constant gain. A conventional rail-to-rail CMOS op-amp with constant Gm was designed by using complementary differential input stage and current compensation skills. But it doesn't operate constant gain, because of output resistance variation. With $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process, the simulation results show that the differential gain variation can achieve less than 1.3dB. And a 60dB gain, a 13.5MHz unity gain-frequency, and 1mW power consumption, when operating at 1.8V and 10pF load.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2006

In microband-induced fiber gratings, polarization properties and birefringence are investigated as a function of an applied line force. With the transmission curves associated with the maximum and minimum resonant wavelengths, the polarization-dependent behaviors are analyzed. By increasing the transverse line force, the resonance wavelength for an incident light polarized to the same direction of the force is blue-shifted as much as 0.69 nm/(N/cm) while that for the other polarization is insensitive. Using the resonant wavelength separation corresponding to the force variation, the transverse effective index change or modal birefringence variation is obtained. The ratio of modal birefringence versus applied line force is ${\Delta}B/{\Delta}f_x={\sim}8.38{\times}10^{-7}$.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.239-242
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• 1998

Ca $F_2$ films have superior gate insulator properties than conventional gate insulator such as $SiO_2$, Si $N_{x}$, $SiO_{x}$, and T $a_2$ $O_{5}$ to the side of lattice mismatch between Si substrate and interface trap charge density( $D_{it}$). Therefore, this material is enable to apply Thin Film Transistor(TFT) gate insulator. Most of gate oxide film have exhibited problems on high trap charge density, interface state in corporation with O-H bond created by mobile hydrogen and oxygen atom. This paper performed Ca $F_2$ property evaluation as MIM, MIS device fabrication. Ca $F_2$ films were deposited at the various substrate temperature using a thermal evaporation. Ca $F_2$ films was grown as polycrystalline film and showed grain size variation as a function of substrate temperature and RTA post-annealing treatment. C-V, I-V results exhibit almost low $D_{it}$(1.8$\times$10$^{11}$ $cm^{-1}$ /le $V^{-1}$ ) and higher $E_{br}$ (>0.87MV/cm) than reported that formerly. Structural analysis indicate that low $D_{it}$ and high $E_{br}$ were caused by low lattice mismatch(6%) and crystal growth direction. Ca $F_2$ as a gate insulator of TFT are presented in this paper paperaper

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.234-237
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• 2000

In this paper, the structural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the Pb[(S $b_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/)$_{0.035}$- $_Mn_{1}$3/N $b_{2}$3/)$_{0.065}$-(Z $r_{0.49}$, $Ti_{0.51}$)$_{0.90}$] $O_3$ ceramics were investigated with respect to the variation of the milling time. Grain size was decreased as the increase of milling time. As the milling time is increased, the particle size of the powder was decreased. Dielectric constant and electromechanical coupling factor (Qm)were slowly increased with the increase of milling time. The highest value of Qm was 1,497 at milling time 8 hour. Temperature coefficient of resonant frequency(TC $F_{r}$) was moved to positive side with the increase of milling time.e.e.e.e.e.e.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2008

In order to understand geographic genetic variation and relationship among populations of the mason bee (Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowsky), which is used as pollinator for apple tree, we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial (mt) COI gene, which corresponds to "DNA Barcode" region (658 bp) from 81 O. cornifrons individuals collected over eight localities in Korea. The sequence data revealed overall moderate to low genetic diversity within species, with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.76%. Geographically, two haplotypes (BAROC01 and BAROC02) were widespread with a frequency of 82.7%, whereas several haplotypes were found in a locality as a single individual, suggesting that haplotype distribution can be summarized as coexistence of a few widespread haplotypes and several regionally restricted haplotypes. Overall, high rate of per generation female migration (Nm=$1.1{\sim}$infinite) and low level of geographic subdivision ($F_{ST}=0{\sim}0.315$) among localities were characteristic. Although two populations (p < 0.026) were genetically subdivided from the remaining localities, no clear polarity was observed. Taken together, the nature of genetic divergence of the mason bee populations is characterized as one that possessing moderate to low genetic diversity, high gene flow, and wide spread haplotypes with ahigh frequency, concordant with the capability of dispersal in connection with the lack of historical biogeographic barriers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the relationship between pathologic tumor response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy and variation of serum VEGF in patients with esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods: Forty six patients with esophageal cancer who were treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy were enrolled. Endoscopic and pathologic examination was conducted before and four weeks afterwards. Serum level of VEGF was documented before, four weeks later and after chemo-radiotherapy. The relationship between pathologic response and the variation of serum level of VEGF and its influence on the prognosis were investigated. Results: Serum level of VEGF decreased remarkably during and after chemo-radiotherapy in patients whose pathologic response was severe (F=5.393, 4.587, P(0.05). There were no statistical differences of serum VEGF level before, during and after chemo-radiotherapy for patients whose pathologic response was moderate or mild. There were 18 (85.7%), 7 (53.8%) and 6 patients (50.0%) whose serum VEGF level dropped in the severe, moderate and mild group, respectively, with significant differences among these groups (p=0.046). Two year survival rates of patients with severe, moderate and mild pathologic response were 61.9%, 53.8% and 33.3% respectively, and no statistically difference between severe and mild group regarding OS (p=0.245) was tested. Conclusions: Tumor pathologic response during chemo-radiotherapy and the changes of serum VEGF lever could predict curative effects of chemo-radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.737-748
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to study the existence of non-trivial non-negative weak solution for the nonlinear elliptic equation: $$-div(h(x){\nabla}u)=f(x,u)\;in\;{\Omega}$$ with Dirichlet boundary condition in a bounded domain ${\Omega}{\subset}\mathbb{R}^N$, $N{\geq}3$, where $h(x){\in}L^1_{loc}({\Omega})$, $f(x,s)$ has asymptotically linear behavior. The solutions will be obtained in a subspace of the space $H^1_0({\Omega})$ and the proofs rely essentially on a variation of the mountain pass theorem in [12].

• 대한수학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.1065-1082
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• 2012

In this paper we first investigate the existence of the generalized Fourier-Feynman transform of the functional F given by $$F(x)={\hat{\nu}}((e_1,x)^{\sim},{\ldots},(e_n,x)^{\sim})$$, where $(e,x)^{\sim}$ denotes the Paley-Wiener-Zygmund stochastic integral with $x$ in a very general function space $C_{a,b}[0,T]$ and $\hat{\nu}$ is the Fourier transform of complex measure ${\nu}$ on $B({\mathbb{R}}^n)$ with finite total variation. We then define two sequential transforms. Finally, we establish that the one is to identify the generalized Fourier-Feynman transform and the another transform acts like an inverse generalized Fourier-Feynman transform.