• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.208-209
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• 2005

바나듐 산화물은 반도성-금속성으로 상전이 하는 CTR특성의 대표적인 산화물로 상전이 온도인 68$^{\circ}C$에서 저항의 급변 특성을 보인다. 여기에 Fe, Ni, Mo, Ti, W과 같은 금속성 산화물을 첨가함에 따라 상전이온도를 움직일 수 있다. 그중 $WO_3$를 첨가함으로써 상전이온도를 상온까지 낮출 수 있다. Inorgnic sol-gel 법에 의해 바나듐-텅스텐 sol을 제조 하였으며, 제조된 sol을 기판에 코팅한 후 환원분위기에서 열처리 하여 막을 얻었다. 온도-저항 특성 측정 결과 순수 바나듐 막은 상전이 온도는 68$^{\circ}C$ 전기저항 감소폭은 $10^4$order 이였으나 바나듐-텅스텐막의 상전이 온도는 38$^{\circ}C$, 전기저항 감소폭은 $10_{15}$order 로 감소함을 확인 하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

We studied the electrochromic properties of hydrated amorphous ruthenium oxide ($RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$) thin films using in-situ Raman spectroscopy during electrochemical charging/discharging cycles. We have found that the principal effect of hydrogen insertion into $RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ is reduction of $Ru^{4+}\;to\;Ru^{3+}$, and not formation of new bonds involving hydrogen. We compared the changes in the Raman spectrum of a gasochromic $Pd/RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ film as it is exposed to hydrogen gas with that of electrochemical hydrogen insertion. We tested the changes in the optical transmission of the $Pd/RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ film when exposed to hydrogen gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2013

실리콘 박막 태양전지는 광 흡수층에서 형성된 정공과 전자를 효과적으로 분리하기 위해 p형과 n형으로 도핑된 층을 형성하는 p-i-n구조를 갖게 된다. 이러한 도핑 층을 형성하기 위해 B2H6와 PH3와 같은 독성 가스를 사용하기 때문에, 공정 안정성과 환경적인 이슈가 대두된다. 또한 도핑은 추가적으로 실리콘 박막 태양전지의 안정화 효율을 지속적으로 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여, 창층으로 MoO3, V2O5, WO3 등과 같이 높은 일함수를 갖는 전이금속 산화물을 사용하고, 광 흡수층으로 i-Si:H을, 후면 전극으로 낮은 일함수를 나타내는 LiF/Al을 사용하였다. 전이금속 산화물과 LiF/Al의 큰 일함수 차이에 의해서 흡수층인 i-Si:H 에서 생성된 캐리어들은 효과적으로 분리되고 수집이 된다. 금속 산화물은 스퍼터링 공정에 의하여 이루어졌으며, 스퍼터링 공정조건에 따라 산화도가 조절되며, 이러한 산화도에 따라 태양전지의 셀 특성이 결정된다. 도핑 층이 없는 새로운 형태의 실리콘 박막 태양전지는 기존 비정질 실리콘 박막 태양전지에 비해 높은 안정화 효율을 나타내며, 이는 도핑 층이 없기 때문에 기존 실리콘 박막 태양전지의 열화현상에 따른 효율저하가 발생하지 않는 장점을 지내고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2017

Monoclinic $VO_2(M)$ nanoparticles codoped with 1.5 at. % W and 2.9 at. % Mg were synthesized by the hydrothermal treatment and post-thermal transformation method of $V_2O_5-H_2C_2O_4-H_2O$ with $Na_2WO_4$ and $Mg(NO_3)_2$. The composite thin film of the W/Mg-codoped $VO_2(M)$ with a commercial acrylic block copolymer was also prepared on PET substrate by wet-coating method. The reversible phase transition characteristics of the codoped $VO_2(M)$ nanoparticles and the composite film were investigated from DSC, resistivity and Vis-NIR transmittance measurements compared with the undoped and Wdoped $VO_2(M)$ samples. Mg-codoping into W-doped $VO_2(M)$ nanoparticles synergistically enhanced the transition characteristics by increasing the sharpness of transition while the transition temperature ($T_c$) lowered by W-doping was maintained. The codoped composite film showed the prominently enhanced NIR switching efficiency compared to only W-doped $VO_2(M)$ film with a lowered $T_c$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.300-305
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• 2015

$WO_3$, $SiO_2$, and $TiO_2$ films with hydrophilic property are deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering. Their wettability is strongly depends on the presence or absence of the oxygen plasma etching on the glass substrates. The $TiO_2$ film of 50 nm-thick on the plasma etched glass shows a water contact angle (WCA) below $5^{\circ}$ which means a super-hydrophilic surface. However, WCA values are gradually degraded when the films are exposed under atmosphere, especially $WO_3$. In order to improve hydrophilic property, the degraded films can be again recovered by UV illumination for 10 sec using UV-light and the $TiO_2$ film shows a super-hydrophilic surface about $3^{\circ}$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1078-1086
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• 1996

The peroxo-polytungstic acid was formed by the direct reaction of tungsten powder with the hydrogen peroxide solution. Peroxo-polytungstic powder were prepared by rotary evaporator using the fabricated on to ITO coated glass as substrate by dip-coating method using $2g/10mL(W-IPA/H_2O)$ sol solution. A substrate was dipped into the sol solution and after a meniscus had settled, the substrate was withdrawn at a constant rate of the 3mm/sec. Thicker layer could be built up by repeated dipping/post-treatment 15 times cycles. The layers dried at the temperature of $65{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ during the withdrawn process, and then tungsten oxides thin film was formed by final heating treatment at the temperature of $230{\sim}240^{\circ}C$ for 30min. A linear rotation between the thickness of thin film and the number of dipping/post-treatment cycles for tungsten oxides thin films made by dip-coating was found. The thickness of thin film had $60{\AA}$ after one dipping. From the patterns of XRD, the structure of tungsten oxides thin film identified as amorphous one and from the photographs of SEM, the defects and the moderate cracks were observed on the tungsten oxides thin film, but the homogeneous surface of thin films were mostly appeared. The electrochemical characteristic of the $ITO/WO_3$ thin film electrode were confirmed by the cyclic voltammetry and the cathodic Tafel polaization method. The coloring bleaching processes were clearly repeated up to several hundreds cycles by multiple cyclic voltammetry, but the dissolved phenomenon of thin film revealed in $H_2SO_4$ solution was observed due to the decrease of the current densities. The diffusion coefficient was calculated from irreversible Randles-Sevick equation from the data obtained by the cyclic voltammetry with various scan rates.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 1998

The electrochromic $WO_3$thin films were prepared by using the electron-beam evaporatin technique. Flms prepared at a vacuum pressure of $10^{-4}$ mbar were found to be most stable during repeated potential cycles. The chemical stability of the film in aqueous solutions was also affected by the vacuum pressure during evaporation. The redox current and the optical properties of the degraded films were affected by the thickness of the film. The 5,000$\AA$-thick films were found to be most stable, undergoing the least degradation during the repeated coloring and bleaching cycles. The origin of the mechanism dominating the degradation during the repeated coloring and bleaching cycles was the accumulation of lithium in the film, which results in decreasing redox current. Tungsten oxide films with titanium content of about 10-15 mol% was found to be most stable, undergoing the least degradation during the repeated cycles. The origin of the mechanism dominating the least degradation during the repeated cycles was the reduction of lithium ion trapping sites in the films, which results in a increased durability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.2849-2853
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• 2010

A method to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide by modification with a sensitizer and a metal oxide is proposed. To achieve this goal, we used metal oxides as dopants. In particular, $CaWO_4$ and $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb were used because their 2.6 eV and 2.2 eV band gap energy and optical properties have a large positive effect on photocatalysis. The improvement in the photocatalytic activity of $TiO_2$ modified with $Gd_2O_2S$:Tb under ultraviolet light irradiation is described in a previous study. The present work focuses on the sensitization of metal oxide-modified $TiO_2$. Having observed the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide in the wide visible-light region from 400 nm to 650 nm and the broad peaks in its photoluminescence spectra at 695 nm and 717 nm, we decided to use this perylene dye to sensitize modified $TiO_2$ to enhance its activity as a visible-light harvesting photocatalyst. We also explored the positive effects thin-film surface changes stemming from ultraviolet pre-treatment have on photocatalytic activity. Finally, we subjected several metal oxide-modified $TiO_2$ products sensitized by the perylene dye to ultraviolet pre-treatment, obtaining the most active photocatalysts.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.141-145
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• 2007

Due to their excellent catalytic activity with respect to methanol oxidation on platinum at low temperature, platinum nanosized catalysts have been a topic of great interest for use in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Since pure platinum is readily poisoned by CO, a by-product of methanol electrooxidation, and is extremely expensive, a number of efforts to design and characterize Pt-based alloy nanosized catalysts or Pt nanophase-support composites have been attempted in order to reduce or relieve the CO poisoning effect. In this review paper, we summarize these efforts based upon our recent research results. The Pt-based nanocatalysts were designed by chemical synthesis and thin-film technology, and were characterized by a variety of analyses. According to bifunctional mechanism, it was concluded that good alloy formation with $2^{nd}$ metal (e.g., Ru) as well as the metallic state and optimum portion of Ru element in the anode catalyst contribute to an enhanced catalytic activity for methanol electrooxidation. In addition, we found that the modified electronic properties of platinum in Pt alloy electrodes as well as the surface and bulk structure of Pt alloys with a proper composition could be attributed to a higher catalytic activity for methanol electooxdation. Proton conducting contribution of nanosized electrocatalysts should also be considered to be excellent in methanol electrooxidation (Spillover effect). Finally, we confirmed the ensemble effect, which combined all above effects, in Pt-based nanocatalsyts especially, such as PtRuRhNi and $PtRuWO_{3}$, contribute to an enhanced catalytic activity.