• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal recipe of rice cookies with two different amounts of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and grape seed oil, using a central composite design (CCD). In addition, mixing conditions of rice cookies were optimized by sensory evaluation and mechanical and physicochemical analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). RSM was used to obtain 10 experimental points (including two replicates of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and Grape seed oil), and the formulation of Stevia rebaudiana leaf added rice cookies was optimized using rheology. The results of mechanical and physicochemical analysis showed significant values for lightness, redness, yellowness, hardness, spread factor, loss rate, leavening rate, sweetness, moisture, pH, and density (P<0.001), results of the sensory evaluation showed significant values for color, flavor, taste, texture, appearance, and overall quality (P<0.05). As a results, optimal sensory ratio was found to be 1.98 g of Stevia rebaudiana leaf and 37.94 g of Grape seed oil.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2019

Stevia rebaudiana (Asteraceae), a perennial plant, has been used as a low-calorie sweetener and is being developed as a therapeutic agent for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial diseases, and microbial infections. Despite the common use of its leaves and stem, the bioavailability of the components present in S. rebaudiana flowers, when used as ingredients of cosmetics, has not been well investigated. Herein, we investigated the antioxidative and antimelanogenic effects of an aqueous extract of S. rebaudiana flowers (Stevia-F). Total flavonoid and phenolic content in Stevia-F were determined to be $8.64{\pm}0.23mg$ of quercetin equivalents/100 g and $631.5{\pm}2.01mg$ of gallic acid equivalents/100 g, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of Stevia-F for reducing power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging activities were 5541.96, 131.39, 466.34, and $10.44{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Stevia-F showed inhibitory effects on the tyrosinase ($IC_{50}=134.74{\mu}g/mL$) and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase ($IC_{50}=114.81{\mu}g/mL$) activities. No significant cytotoxicity of Stevia-F was observed in B16F10 cells, treated with up to $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract for 24 and 48 h (p > 0.05). Stevia-F ($1-100{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced melanin production in B16F10 cells (p < 0.05) and also inhibited the cellular tyrosinase activity (p < 0.05). Overall, our results show that Stevia-F possesses potential for inhibiting tyrosinase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities and has significant antioxidant capacity. The antimelanogenic potential of Stevia-F should extend the usage of S. rebaudiana flowers in the development of skin-whitening products.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.501-507
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• 1997

파라과이 원산의 국화과 식물 Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni는 steviol (ent-13-hydroxy kaur-16-en-19-oic acid)을 기본 골격으로 하는 stevia 감미료를 건물 중량의 5-10%를 생합성하여 축적을 한다. 감미성분은 Gibberellin 생합성의 전구체로 알려진 ent-kaurenoic acid (ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid; ent-KA)의 7번과 13번의 어느 탄소에 hydroxylation을 시키느냐에 따라 gibberellin 대사와 steviol 대사로 나뉘어진다. ent-KA 13-hydroxylase를 stevia 엽록체의 stroma에 존재하는 것을 확인했다. Stroma 분획 단백질 $100\;{\mu}g$으로 효소 반응의 cofactor 요구성을 조사해 본 결과, 반응 혼합액에 NADPH를 첨가하지 않았을 때는 85%의 효소활성의 감소를 보였고, NADPH 대신 NADH를 첨가해도 34%의 감소를 보였다. anaerobic 조건에서는 2.1%의 활성을 뛰었다. 이 결과로 ent-KA 13-hydroxylase는 NADPH와 $O_2$ 요구성임을 밝혔다. FAD, FMN, riboflavin을 첨가함으로써 FAD는 1.5배, riboflavin은 1.7배의 효소활성 증가 효과가 나타났다. 효소의 기질 특이성을 조사한 결과, t-cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, choline과 resorcinol에는 전혀 활성이 검출되지 않았으며, $[^(14)C]-methyl-KA$를 ent-KA 대신에 기질로 사용했을 때는 16.7% 의 활성이 검출되어 ent-KA 13-hydroxylase는 기질특이성이 높은것으로 확인되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.764-770
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• 2013

Stevia rebaudiana is a traditional herb used as a sweetener in Brazil and Paraguay as well as Korea and China. This study investigated the efficacy of Stevia rebaudiana methanol extract (SRE) to protect cells against the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocyte. To determine the effects of SRE on oxidative stress, we used the human derived hepatocyte cell line, HepG2 cell. Treatment of arachidonic acid (AA)+iron in HepG2 cells synergistically amplified cytotoxicity, as indicated by the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial permeability transition by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and immunoblot analysis. Treatment with SRE protected hepatocytes from AA+iron-induced cellular toxicity, as shown by alterations in the protein levels related with cell viability such as procaspase-3. SRE also prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AA+iron, and showed anti-oxidant effects as inhibition of $H_2O_2$ production and GSH depletion. Moreover, we measured the effects of SRE on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator in determining cell survival or death. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), a direct downstream target of AMPK. SRE increased phosphorylation of ACC, and prevented the inhibition of ACC phosphorylation by AA+iron. These results indicated that SRE has the ability to protect cells against AA+iron-induced $H_2O_2$ production and mitochondrial impairment, which may be mediated with AMPK-ACC pathway.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of plant hormones (2,4-D, picloram, dicamba, NAA, kinetin) and the suitable explants among seeds, hypocotyl, and cotyledons on calls formation and plant regeneration of stevia(Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni). The frequency of cellus formation was higher in the young leaf-explants then the older ones, and in the seeds then the hypocotyls and cotyledons on MS medium with 1mg/L 2,4-D. After transfer of seed-derived stevia callus producing embryogenic callus on plant-regeneration medium, the frequency of plant regeneration from callus was 23.8% in MS medium with 1mg/L NAA and 3mg/L kinetin.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 1977

본 시험은 제주도에서 stevia (Stevia rebaudian a Bertoni M.)의 효과적인 번식, 월동방법 및 재식거리에 따른 생육과 적응성을 알고져 실시 하였던바 몇가지 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 식물생장조절제처리에 의한 발근율은 I.B.A=atonic(equation omitted)N.A.A>tachigalen>rooton>centre의 순위였고 발근수는 I.B.A>N.A.A>rooton>tachigalen>atonic>control 순위였으며 식장은 I.B.A(equation omitted)N.A.A>rooton>tachigalen>atonic>control 순위였다. 2) 상토별 효과에서는 발근율이 송이>심토>냇모래 (천사)>모래의 순위였고 발근수는 송이(equation omitted)모래>심토(equation omitted)냇모래의 순위였으며 근장은 모래>송이>냇모래>심토의 순위였다. 3) 월동효과는 polyethylene film tunnel이 가장효과가 좋았고 다음으로 polyethylene 피복이 효과적이었으며 볏짚과 왕겨피복은 재(회) 피복이나 무처리에 비해서는 효과적이나 지온상승에는 효과가 크지 못하였다. 4) 재식거리별 효과는 밀식 할수록 전체중이나 건엽중도 많았다. 5) 초장신장은 기온이 높을때 비례적으로 증가하며 7월하순부터 8월하순에 걸쳐 신장량은 급진되었다.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2009년도 심포지엄 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.367-368
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• 2009

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2010

Due to the increasing incidence of diabetes, obesity and hypertensive, stevia has been placed great attentions as the sweetener to substitute sucrose in the world. Stevia was introduced to Korea in 1970's, but it has not been an attractive crop in that time. However, recently it has more attention for the natural food sweet additives. Because stevia have many problems for cultivation especially cultivar, seed germination, fertility, uniformity and glycoside quality, the sport mutation was attempted to in vitro plants for the improvement of some characteristics. The young in vitro plants was nursed on MS medium supplemented with $1mg\;l^{-1}\;GA_3$. Shoots of 10 cm height were irradiated with 0~200 Gy of gamma ray and the every node was separated and inoculated on MS basic medium. The lethality, number and length of shoot, numbers of node and branch were investigated for the evaluation of radiosensitivity. The optimum dose of gamma ray seemed to be around 80 Gy for the sport mutation induction in stevia. The lower node was more sensitive than higher node to radiation.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2014

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) leaf powder on soybean milk quality. Soybean milk was prepared with the addition of 0.1 g (SP1), 0.2 g (SP2), 0.3 g (SP3), 0.4 g (SP4) of stevia leaf powder. The pH of soybean milk added with stevia leaf powders ranged from 7.90 to 7.98, whereas that of control was 7.88. The viscosity of soybean milk added with stevia leaf powder was 11.13~12.71 cp while that of control was 11.09 cp. Soymilk added with stevia leaf powder yielded values of Hunter L (59.40~64.94), a (-7.63~-6.45), and b (18.71~19.63), whereas that of control were 67.45, -4.74 and 20.13, respectively. There was decrease upon addition of stevia leaf powder. During storage, the pH, viscosity, L, and b values were decreased continuously. According to sensory evaluation, taste, and flavor of SP3 were better than the other groups. Quality characteristics between control and SP3 showed no significant differences. Therefore, this study showed the possibility of substituting 0.3 g of stevia leaf powder instead of sugar for creating a standard quality soybean milk with low calories. Upon the results of this study, it may be assumed that there are consequences positive responses to health-oriented consumers when using stevia leaf powder.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.55-59
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• 1977

The consumption of sugar in our diet increased so great that much U. S. dollars are spended to import sugar source from foreign contries. To replace a part of it we adopted mother plant and seeds of the well-known Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M.) originated from south America, from the Agricultural Experimental Station of Hokkaido, Japan, in 1974. In order to determine the growth condition of Stevia in our climate and soil condition, the results of survey and determination were as follows: 1. Germination rate of Stevia was averaged 33.6% at 35 th day after seedling and the maximum germination period was between 5 and 20 days after seedling. 2. The seedling rate of Stevia was about 8%. 3. Establishment of roots of Stevia propagated by cutting method was above 90% but only S-1 strain showed lower rate., 75%. 4. S-2 strain showed the best growth rate that was about 160cm by plant height and it was decreased by the following order : S-4, S-3, S-1, S-6 and S-5 strains. 5. S-4 strain resulted in 45 branches that was the highest number among strains tested and S-2 strain was the next. 6. The content of sweetening compound of Stevia, stevioside, was 5.3% in S-1, S-2, S-5 and S-4 strains but S-3 and $S^*$-6 strains were relatively low content, 4.9%. From the above results we obtained Stevia could be propagated by cutting method and the growth conditions including plant height, number of branches and content of stevioside were relatively better in S-2 and S-4 strains that were differentiated by the shape of leaf.