• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1976

염화제이석을 출발물질로 하여 예열을 병용한 광무부착방식으로 유리 박판 위에 SnOf수명전극을 형성시켜 그의 Sheet 무항과 광투과률에 미치는 Sb연가량와 영향을 실행적으로 검토하였다. Sheet 저항을 전극작성시의 기판유리의 표면 온도가 높을수록 낮아지며 백색광에 대한 투과률을 Sheet 저항저하와 더불어 증가되는데 최대 약 93{%)였다. 기판표면온도는 700(℃) 부근이 적당하며 같은 표이온도의 경우 출발물질에서의 Sb/Sn의 비율이 약 0.6(%)일 경우 최저의 저항치를 얻을 수 있었다. Transparent eloctroaes of polycrystalline till-oxide films doped with antimony are prepared on the substrate of microscopic cover g1ass by modified spray method and from SnCl4 Solution. Their electrical and optical properties are investigated in relation to the surface temperature of the substrate glass and to antimony concentration in the starting materials. The sheet·resiststrace of the film electrodes and transmittance for incandescent light depen on tile antimony concentration and surface temperature of substrates at the time of making films. The transmittance increases with decrease of sheet resistance of the film. The optimum sheet·resistance was obtianed in the case of the antimony concentration 0.6(%) approximately , and the max. transmittance was 93(%).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 1980

파이로포스페이트의 $^{99m}$ Tc즉석표지 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. pH 3.5-5.5에서 냉동건조 상태의 파이로포스 페이트와 SnCl$_2$ 혼합물에 $Na^{99m}$ TcO$_4$ 용액을 가하여 녹임으로써 대략 90%의 표지수율을 얻었다. 표지생성물의 순도와 수율은 85% 메탄올과 0.85% NaCl 용액을 전개용매로하는 2차원 종이 크로마토그래피로 검토하는 한편 생쥐를 실험동물로 하여 생성착물의 생체내 분포 실험도 실시 하였다. 일반적으로 $^{99m}$ Tc (VII)의 환원제인 SnCl$_2$를 적은량 쓸수록 표지 수율이 좋았으며 파이로포스페이트와 SnCl$_2$의몰 비율은 10 : 1~50 : 1로 충분하였다. 환원된 미결합 $^{99m}$ Tc의 양이 많은 생성물을 생쥐체내에투여 할수록 간에 집적되는 방사능 양치 증가하는 것으로 보아 골격조영술에서 잘못된 영상을 얻게되는 원인은 환원된 미결합 $^{99m}$ Tc가 콜로이드 상태의 산화된 Sn 생성물에 흡착되어 일어 나는 것으로 생각되었다. 생성착물의 뼈와 간에 대한 분포비율은 투여후 60분 정도에서 최고 35 : 1이었으며, 파이로젠 시험결과도 양호함으로 생성착물은 골격질환의 연구나 진단목적에 적합함을 알수 있었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo corrosion products of low and high copper amalgams. The four different types of amalgam alloy used in this study were Fine cut, Caulk spherical, Dispersalloy, and Tytin. After each amalgam alloy and Hg were triturated according to the directions of the manufacturer by means of the mechanical amalgamator(Amalgam mixer. Shinhung Co. Korea), the triturated mass was inserted into a cylindrical metal mold which was 12mm in diameter and 10mm in height. The mass was condensed by 150Kg/cm compressive force. The specimen was removed from the mold and aged at room temperature for about seven days. The standard surface preparation was routinely carried out by emery paper polishing under running water. In vitro amalgam specimens were potentiostatically polarized ten times in a normal saline solution at $37^{\circ}C$(potentiostat : HA-301. Hukuto Denko Corp. Japan). Each specimen was subjected to anodic polarization scan within the potential range -1700mV to+400mV(SCE). After corrosion tests, anodic polarization curves and corrosion potentials were obtained. The amount of component elements dissolved from amalgams into solution was measured three times by ICP AES(Inductive Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Plasma 40. Perkim Elmer Co. U.S.A.). The four different types of amalgam were filled in occlusal and buccal class I cavities of four human 3rd molars. After about five years the restorations were carefully removed after tooth extraction to preserve the structural details including the deteriorated margins. The occlusal surface, amalgam-tooth interface and the fractured surface of in vivo amalgam corrosion products were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro amalgam specimens were examined and analyzed metallographically by SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan) and EDAX(Energy Dispersive Micro X-ray Analyser: JSM 840. Jeol Co. Japan). 1. The following results are obtained from in vitro corrosion tests. 1) Corrosion potentials of all amalgams became more noble after ten times passing through the in vitro corrosion test compared to first time. 2) After times through the test, released Cu concentration in saline solution was almost equal but highest in Fine cut. Ag and Hg ion concentration was highest in Caulk spherical and Sn was highest in Dispersalloy. 3) Analyses of surface corrosion products in vitro reveal the following results. a)The corroded surface of Caulk spherical has Na-Sn-Cl containing clusters of $5{\mu}m$ needle-like crystals and oval shapes of Sn-Cl phase, polyhedral Sn oxide phase. b)In Fine cut, there appeared to be a large Sn containing phase, surrounded by many Cu-Sn phases of $1{\mu}m$ granular shapes. c)Dispersalloy was covered by a thick reticular layer which contained Zn-Cl phase. d)In Tytin, a very thin, corroded layer had formed with irregularly growing Sn-Cl phases that looked like a stack of plates. 2. The following results are obtained by an analysis of in vivo amalgam corrosion products. 1) Occlusal surfaces of all amalgams were covered by thick amorphous layers containing Ca-P elements which were abraded by occlusal force. 2) In tooth-amalgam interface, Ca-P containing products were examined in all amalgams but were most clearly seen in low copper amalgams. 3) Sn oxide appeared as a polyhedral shape in internal space in Caulk spherical and Fine cut. 4) Apical pyramidal shaped Sn oxide and curved plate-like Sn-Cl phases resulted in Dispersalloy. 5) In Tytin, Sn oxide and Sn hydroxide were not seen but polyhedral Ag-Hg phase crystal appeared in internal space which assumed a ${\beta}_l$ phase.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

In the present work, the effect of adding Ce on the corrosion behavior of Mg-4Al-2Sn-1Ca alloy was investigated. The studied alloys were fabricated by gravity casting method and a potentiodynamic polarization, A.C. impedance and hydrogen evolution tests were carried out in a 3.5% NaCl solution with pH 7.2 at room temperature to measure the corrosion properties of Mg-4Al-2Sn-1Ca-xCe alloys. The microstructure of the Mg-4Al-2Sn-1Ca alloy was composed of ${\alpha}$-Mg, Mg17Al12, Mg2Sn and CaMgSn phase. Also, a $Al_{11}Ce_3$ phase was newly formed by the addition of Ce. With an increase of the Ce contents, the microstructure became refined and the corrosion resistance improved.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.415-418
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• 2011

Tin (IV) dioxide ($SnO_2$) has attracted much attention due to its potential scientific significance and technological applications. $SnO_2$ nanoparticles were prepared under low temperature and pressure conditions via precipitation from a 0.1 M $SnCl_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ solution by slowly adding $NH_4OH$ while rapidly stirring the solution. $SnO_2$ nanoparticles were obtained from the reaction in the temperature range from 130 to $250^{\circ}C$ during 6 h. The microstructure and phase of the synthesized tin oxide particles were studied using XRD and TEM analyses. The average crystalline sizes of the synthesized $SnO_2$ particles were from 5 to 20 nm and they had a narrow distribution. The average crystalline size of the synthesized particles increased as the reaction temperature increased. The crystalline size of the synthesized tin oxide particles decreased with increases in the pH value. The X-ray analysis showed that the synthesized particles were crystalline, and the SAED patterns also indicate that the synthesized $SnO_2$ nanoparticles were crystalline. Furthermore, the morphology of the synthesized $SnO_2$ nanoparticles was as a function of the reaction temperature. The effects of the synthesis parameters, such as the pH condition and reaction temperature, are also discussed.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2015

SnS-$TiO_2$ nanocomposites are synthesized using simple, cheap, and less toxic $SnCl_2$ as the tin (II) precursor. The prepared nanoparticles are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The XRD and TEM results indicate that the prepared product has SnS nanoparticles and a grain diameter of 30 nm. The DRS demonstrate that SnS-$TiO_2$ possesses the absorption profile across the entire visible light region. The generation of reactive oxygen species is detected through the oxidation reaction from 1,5-diphenyl carbazide (DPCI) to 1,5-diphenyl carbazone (DPCO). It is found that the photocurrent density and photocatalytic effect increase with the modified SnS. Excellent catalytic degradation of Texbrite BA-L (TBA) solution is observed using the SnS-$TiO_2$ composites under visible light irradiation. It is proposed that both the strong visible light absorption and the multiple exciton excitations contribute to the high visible light photocatalytic activity.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.135-135
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• 2003

This paper presents the preparation of SnO$_2$ films by Sol-Gel process and using spin coating method, and their sensing properties in CO gas. Experimental procedure consisted of following steps: (1) Tin chloride(SnCl$_4$) and Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH$_4$HCO$_3$) were used as precursors; (2) the Sol solution with concentration of about 10wt% SnO$_2$ was prepared from washed Gel-precipitate for spin coating step; (3) thereafter, the coating solution was dropped onto the alumina (Al$_2$O$_3$) substrate that was then spun, the spin coating was carried out with total 10 times; (4) finally, the films were calcined for 3 hours at 50$0^{\circ}C$ or higher temperature (600, 700, 800 or 90$0^{\circ}C$) in order to obtain various gram sizes. The average grain size was calculated by Scherrer's equation using main peaks in XRD spectra; meanwhile the thickness, microstructure and surface morphology of the films were observed by FE-SEM.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2015

In this study, the influences of aluminum and tin additions (individual and combined) on corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy have been determined. The studied alloys were fabricated by permanent mold casting method to measure the corrosion properties, a potentiodynamic test, hydrogen evolution test and immersion test were carried out in a 3.5% NaCl solution at pH 7.2. From the results of microstructure analysis, the Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy was found to be composed of ${\alpha}$-Mg and rod-like $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ phase and the Mg-5Sn-5Al-1Zn alloy was found to be composed of ${\alpha}$-Mg, rod-like $Mg_{17}Al_{12}$ and $Mg_2Sn$ phases. In the case of the Mg-9Sn-1Zn alloy, the microstructure was composed of ${\alpha}$-Mg and eutectic $Mg_2Sn$ phase. With Sn addition (individual and combined), the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloys improved.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

The E.M.F. of the galvanic cell with fused salt was measured to determine the activities of zinc at 720-860 K over the entire composition range of liquid Zn-In and Zn-Sn alloys. The cell used was as follows: $$(-)W{\mid}Zn(pure){\mid}Zn^{2+}(KCl-LiCl){\mid}Zn(in\;Zn-In\;or\;Zn-Sn\;alloy){\mid}W(+)$$ The activities of zinc in the alloys showed positive deviation from Raoult's law over the entire composition range. The activity of cadmium and some thermodynamic functions such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were derived from the results by the thermodynamic relationship. The comparison of the results and the literature data was made. The liquid Zn-In and Zn-Sn alloys are found to be close tn the regular solution. The concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limit, $S_{cc}(o)$, in the liquid alloy were calculated from the experimental results.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2014

본 연구는 수은연속측정시스템의 가장 중요한 구성 요소의 하나인 산화수은을 원소수은으로 환원시킬 수 있는 건식 환원촉매시스템 개발을 목적으로 수행되었다. 산화-환원 표준전위를 기준으로 산화수은의 원소수은으로의 환원반응을 자발적으로 일으킬 수 있는 촉매 대상물질로 Fe, Cu, Ni 및 Co 4종류의 전이금속이 선택되었다. 이들 전이금속 촉매들은 산소가 없는 반응가스 조성에서 산화수은의 원소수은으로의 환원반응에 대해 높은 활성을 보였다. 그러나 산소가 존재하는 경우 환원 활성이 크게 감소하는데 이는 산소에 의해 해당 전이금속이 산화수은 환원 활성이 낮은 전이금속산화물로 변환되기 때문이다. 반응가스에 산소가 존재하여도 수소를 공급하면 산화수은 환원 활성이 크게 증가되는데 이는 산화수은의 환원반응이 진행되는 고온에서 산소와 수소 사이의 연소반응에 의해 산소가 소모되기 때문으로 확인되었다. Fe를 환원촉매로 하고 배기가스에 수소를 공급하는 산화수은 환원촉매시스템은 $SnCl_2$ 수용액을 사용하는 습식화학 환원기술에 필적할 수준의 활성을 나타내기 때문에 상업적으로 적용 가능한 산화수은 환원시스템으로 기대된다.